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Mei J, Yang Q, Jiang L, Wang T, Li Y, Yu X, Wu Z. Immune protection of grass carp by oral vaccination with recombinant Bacillus methylotrophicus expressing the heterologous tolC gene. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109701. [PMID: 38878911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
In the field of aquaculture, the enhancement of animal health and disease prevention is progressively being tackled using alternatives to antibiotics, including vaccines and probiotics. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of a recombinant Bacillus methylotrophicus, engineered to express the outer membrane channel protein TolC of Aeromonas hydrophila AH3 and the green fluorescent protein GFP, as an oral vaccine. Initially, the genes encoding tolC and GFP were cloned into a prokaryotic expression system, and anti-TolC mouse antiserum was generated. Subsequently, the tolC gene was subcloned into a modified pMDGFP plasmid, which was transformed into B. methylotrophicus WM-1 for protein expression. The recombinant B. methylotrophicus BmT was then administered to grass carp via co-feeding, and its efficacy as an oral vaccine was assessed. Our findings demonstrated successful expression of the 55 kDa TolC and 28 kDa GFP proteins, and the preparation of polyclonal antibodies with high specificity. The BmT exhibited stable expression of the GFP-TolC fusion protein and excellent genetic stability. Following oral immunization, significant elevations were observed in serum-specific IgM levels and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LZM) in grass carp. Concurrently, significant upregulation of immune-related genes, including IFN-I, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IgT, was noted in the intestines, head kidney, and spleen of the grass carp. Colonization tests further revealed that the BmT persisted in the gut of immunized fish even after a fasting period of 7 days. Notably, oral administration of BmT enhanced the survival rate of grass carp following A. hydrophila infection. These results suggest that the oral BmT vaccine developed in this study holds promise for future applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mei
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Aquatic Biodiversity Protection Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Aquatic Biodiversity Protection Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Aquatic Biodiversity Protection Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Aquatic Biodiversity Protection Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Aquatic Biodiversity Protection Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Aquatic Biodiversity Protection Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengli Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Aquatic Biodiversity Protection Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Chi H, Qin Q, Hao X, Dalmo RA, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Adjuvant effects of β-defensin on DNA vaccine OmpC against edwardsiellosis in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109502. [PMID: 38471627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
β-defensin of flounder plays an important role in immunomodulation by recruiting immune cells and has a potential vaccine adjuvant effect in addition to its bactericidal activity. In this study, adjuvant effects of β-defensin on DNA vaccine OmpC against edwardsiellosis in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated. The bicistronic eukaryotic expression plasmid pBudCE4.1 plasmid vector with two independent coding regions was selected to construct DNA vaccine of p-OmpC which express only the gene for the outer membrane protein of Edwardsiella tarda and the vaccine of p-OmpC-βdefensin which express both the outer membrane protein of the bacterium and β-defensin of flounder. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the constructed plasmids can be expressed in flounder embryonic cell lines and injection sites of muscles. After vaccination by intramuscular injection, both p-OmpC and p-OmpC-βdefensin groups showed significant upregulation of immune-response. Compared to the pBbudCE4.1 and the p-OmpC vaccinated groups, the p-OmpC-βdefensin vaccinated group showed significantly more cell aggregation at the injection site and intense immune response. The proportion of sIgM+ cells, as well as the CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ cells in both spleen and kidney was significantly higher in the p-OmpC-βdefensin vaccinated group at peak time point than in the control groups. The relative survival rate of the p-OmpC-βdefensin vaccine was 74.17%, which was significantly higher than that of the p-OmpC vaccinated group 48.33%. The results in this study determined that β-defensin enhances the responses in cellular and humoral immunity and evokes a high degree of protection against E. tarda, which is a promising candidate for vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qingqing Qin
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaokai Hao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Roy Ambli Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Du X, Kang M, Yang C, Yao X, Zheng L, Wu Y, Zhang P, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Sun Y. Construction and analysis of the immune effect of two different vaccine types based on Vibrio harveyi VgrG. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109494. [PMID: 38499217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi poses a significant threat to fish and invertebrates in mariculture, resulting in substantial financial repercussions for the aquaculture sector. Valine-glycine repeat protein G (VgrG) is essential for the type VI secretion system's (T6SS) assembly and secretion. VgrG from V. harveyi QT520 was cloned and analyzed in this study. The localization of VgrG was determined by Western blot, which revealed that it was located in the cytoplasm, secreted extracellularly, and attached to the membrane. The effectiveness of two vaccinations against V. harveyi infection-a subunit vaccine (rVgrG) and a DNA vaccine (pCNVgrG) prepared with VgrG was evaluated. The findings indicated that both vaccines provided a degree of protection against V. harveyi challenge. At 4 weeks post-vaccination (p.v.), the rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited relative percent survival rates (RPS) of 71.43% and 76.19%, respectively. At 8 weeks p.v., the RPS for rVgrG and pCNVgrG were 68.21% and 72.71%, respectively. While both rVgrG and pCNVgrG elicited serum antibody production, the subunit vaccinated fish demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum anti-VgrG specific antibodies than the DNA vaccine group. The result of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Iα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFNγ), and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) were up-regulated by both rVgrG and pCNVgrG. Fish vaccinated with rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited increased activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, and lysozyme. These findings suggest that VgrG from V. harveyi holds potential for application in vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Du
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Minjie Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunhuan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinping Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lvliang Zheng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yun Sun
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Zhang HQ, Jin XY, Li XP, Li MF. IL8 of Takifugu rubripes is a chemokine that interacts with peripheral blood leukocytes and promotes antibacterial defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108918. [PMID: 37364660 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 8 (IL8) is a CXC chemokine that plays a crucial role on promoting inflammatory response and immune regulation. In teleost, IL8 can induce the migration and activation of immune cells. However, the biological functions of IL8 are still unknown in Takifugu rubripes. In this study, we examined the biological characteristics of TrIL8 in T. rubripes. TrIL8 is composed of 98 residues and contained a chemokine CXC domain. We found that the TrIL8 expression was detected in diverse organs and significantly increased by Vibrio harveyi or Edwardsiella tarda challenge. The recombinant TrIL8 (rTrIL8) exhibited significantly the binding capacities to 8 tested bacteria. In addition, rTrIL8 could bind to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and increased the expression of immune gene, resistance to bacterial infection, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase activity, chemotactic activity, and phagocytic activity of PBL. In the presence of rTrIL8, T. rubripes was enhanced the resistance to V. harveyi infection. These results indicated that TrIL8 is a chemokine and involved in the activation of immune cells against bacterial infection in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xue-Peng Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Mo-Fei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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Gonçalves G, Santos RA, Coutinho F, Pedrosa N, Curado M, Machado M, Costas B, Bonneville L, Serrano M, Carvalho AP, Díaz-Rosales P, Oliva-Teles A, Couto A, Serra CR. Oral vaccination of fish against vibriosis using spore-display technology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012301. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines are highly demanded by the aquaculture sector, to allow mass delivery of antigens without using the expensive and labor-intensive injectable vaccines. These later require individual handling of fish, provoking stress-related mortalities.One possible strategy to create injection-free vaccine delivery vehicles is the use of bacterial spores, extremely resistant structures with wide biotechnological applications, including as probiotics, display systems, or adjuvants. Bacterial spores, in particular those of Bacillus subtilis, have been shown to behave as mucosal vaccine adjuvants in mice models. However, such technology has not been extensively explored against fish bacterial disease.In this study, we used a laboratory strain of B. subtilis, for which a variety of genetic manipulation tools are available, to display at its spores surface either a Vibrio antigenic protein, OmpK, or the green fluorescence protein, GFP. When previously vaccinated by immersion with the OmpK- carrying spores, zebrafish survival upon a bacterial challenge with V. anguillarum and V. parahaemolyticus, increased up to 50 - 90% depending on the pathogen targeted. Further, we were able to detect anti-GFP-antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed diets containing the GFP-carrying spores and anti-V. anguillarum antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed the OmpK-carrying spores containing diet. More important, seabass survival was increased from 60 to 86% when previously orally vaccinated with in-feed OmpK- carrying spores. Our results indicate that B. subtilis spores can effectively be used as antigen-carriers for oral vaccine delivery in fish.
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Comparative Reverse Vaccinology of Piscirickettsia salmonis, Aeromonas salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, Vibrio anguillarum and Moritella viscosa, Frequent Pathogens of Atlantic Salmon and Lumpfish Aquaculture. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030473. [PMID: 35335104 PMCID: PMC8954842 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine finfish aquaculture is affected by diverse infectious diseases, and they commonly occur as co-infection. Some of the most frequent and prevalent Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of the finfish aquaculture include Piscirickettsia salmonis, Aeromonas salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, Vibrio anguillarum and Moritella viscosa. To prevent co-infections in aquaculture, polyvalent or universal vaccines would be ideal. Commercial polyvalent vaccines against some of these pathogens are based on whole inactivated microbes and their efficacy is controversial. Identification of common antigens can contribute to the development of effective universal or polyvalent vaccines. In this study, we identified common and unique antigens of P. salmonis, A. salmonicida, Y. ruckeri, V. anguillarum and M. viscosa based on a reverse vaccinology pipeline. We screened the proteome of several strains using complete available genomes and identified a total of 154 potential antigens, 74 of these identified antigens corresponded to secreted proteins, and 80 corresponded to exposed outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Further analysis revealed the outer membrane antigens TonB-dependent siderophore receptor, OMP assembly factor BamA, the LPS assembly protein LptD and secreted antigens flagellar hook assembly protein FlgD and flagellar basal body rod protein FlgG are present in all pathogens used in this study. Sequence and structural alignment of these antigens showed relatively low percentage sequence identity but good structural homology. Common domains harboring several B-cells and T-cell epitopes binding to major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II were identified. Selected peptides were evaluated for docking with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Lumpfish MHC class II. Interaction of common peptide-MHC class II showed good in-silico binding affinities and dissociation constants between −10.3 to −6.5 kcal mol−1 and 5.10 × 10−9 to 9.4 × 10−6 M. This study provided the first list of antigens that can be used for the development of polyvalent or universal vaccines against these Gram-negative bacterial pathogens affecting finfish aquaculture.
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Wang Q, Huang F, Liang K, Niu W, Duan X, Jia X, Wu X, Xu P, Zhou L. Polystyrene nanoplastics affect digestive function and growth in juvenile groupers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152098. [PMID: 34863764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) can impair antioxidant, immune, and nervous system functions as well as growth and development in aquatic organisms. At present, however, little is known about the effects and underlying mechanisms of PS-NPs on the digestive system of marine fish. Here, we studied the effects of these plastics on the intestinal health and growth performance of juvenile orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides). Based on histopathological analysis, we found that the liver and intestines can uptake PS-NPs at exposure concentrations of 300 and 3000 μg/ml, respectively. After 14 d of exposure, the activities of digestive enzymes lipase (LPS), trypsin (TRS), and lysozyme (LZM) were reduced, indicating that PS-NPs negatively affected digestive function in juvenile groupers. The PS-NPs also altered microbial community composition, resulting in a decrease in diversity and simplification of network relationships in the intestinal microbiota, but a significant increase in certain harmful bacteria, especially Vibrio and Aliivibrio. In addition, community assembly changed from being driven primarily by deterministic processes (68.89% for control group) to stochastic processes (73.33% and 51.11% for 300 and 3000 μg/ml PS-NP exposure groups, respectively). Furthermore, the specific growth rate (SGR) of the juvenile orange-spotted groupers decreased significantly with increasing PS-NP exposure concentrations (0.158% ± 0.032%, 0.095% ± 0.020%, and 0.074% ± 0.016% for 0, 300, and 3000 μg/L PS-NP groups, respectively). These results suggest that marine PS-NPs are harmful to the digestive system of juvenile fish and highlight the importance of evaluating the long-term impact of NPs in reshaping marine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengqi Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kaishan Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbiao Niu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuzhuo Duan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianze Jia
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Development of Recombinant Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Subunit Vaccine against Vibrio Infection in Large Yellow Croaker. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), an economically important marine fish in China, has suffered from serious vibriosis, which has resulted in great economic losses for the large yellow croaker industry. Vaccination has been considered to be a safe and effective method to prevent and control vibriosis. However, due to the complex diversity and serotypes of the Vibrio genus, the progress of Vibrio vaccine development is still slow. In this study, we prepared recombinant Vibrio dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (rDLD) protein and investigated its potential as a candidate to be a subunit vaccine against Vibrio. The lysozyme activity and the rDLD-specific antibody level in sera of large yellow croakers immunized with rDLD were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β), MHC IIα/β, CD40, CD8α, IL-4/13A, and IL-4/13B were significantly up-regulated in the spleen and head kidney of large yellow croakers immunized with rDLD, suggesting that rDLD could induce both specific and nonspecific immune responses in this species. In addition, rDLD protein increased the survival rate of large yellow croakers against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with the relative percent of survival (RPS) being 74.5% and 66.9%, respectively. These results will facilitate the development of a potential subunit vaccine against Vibrio in large yellow croaker aquaculture.
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Mekasha S, Linke D. Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782673. [PMID: 34975803 PMCID: PMC8714846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fish pathogens are one of the key challenges in the aquaculture industry, one of the fast-growing industries worldwide. These pathogens rely on arsenal of virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, effectors and enzymes to promote colonization and infection. Translocation of virulence factors across the membrane to either the extracellular environment or directly into the host cells is performed by single or multiple dedicated secretion systems. These secretion systems are often key to the infection process. They can range from simple single-protein systems to complex injection needles made from dozens of subunits. Here, we review the different types of secretion systems in Gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens and describe their putative roles in pathogenicity. We find that the available information is fragmented and often descriptive, and hope that our overview will help researchers to more systematically learn from the similarities and differences between the virulence factors and secretion systems of the fish-pathogenic species described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophanit Mekasha
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Li H, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Two bicistronic DNA vaccines against Vibrio anguillarum and the immune effects on flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY 2022; 40:786-804. [PMID: 35018224 PMCID: PMC8739378 DOI: 10.1007/s00343-021-1092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are cytokines that can promote the activation and migration of immune cells, and increase the recognition of antigen by antigen-presenting cells (APC). Previous studies showed that a DNA vaccine can induce humoral and cellular immune responses of flounder after immunization. To explore the improvement of chemokines on the efficiency of OmpK vaccine, two bicistronic DNA candidate vaccines were constructed and the immune responses they induced in the flounder were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), H&E staining, flow cytometry (FCM), and quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). pBudCE4.1 plasmid as an expression vector, bicistronic DNA vaccines encoding OmpK gene and CC-motif ligand 4 gene (p-OmpK-CCL4), or Ompk gene and CC-motif ligand 19 gene (p-OmpK-CCL19) were successfully constructed. The results showed that two bicistronic DNA vaccines expressed Ompk protein of Vibrio anguillarum and CCL4/CCL19 proteins of flounder both in vitro and in vivo. After immunization, a large number of leucocytes in muscle were recruited at the injection site in treatment groups. The constructed vaccines induced significant increases in CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ T lymphocytes, and sIgM+ B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and head kidney. The percentage of T lymphocytes peaked on the 14th post-vaccination day whereas that of B lymphocytes peaked in the 6th post-vaccination week. Moreover, the expression profiles of 10 immune-related genes increased in muscles around the injection site, spleen, and head kidney. After the challenge, p-OmpK-CCL4 and p-OmpK-CCL19 conferred a relative percentage survival (RPS) of 74.1% and 63.3%, respectively, higher than p-OmpK alone (40.8%). In conclusion, both CCL4 and CCL19 can improve the protection of p-OmpK via evoking local immune response and then humoral and cellular immunity. CCL4 and CCL19 will be potential molecular adjuvants for use in DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Li
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071 China
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11
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Genomic Analysis of Pasteurella atlantica Provides Insight on Its Virulence Factors and Phylogeny and Highlights the Potential of Reverse Vaccinology in Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061215. [PMID: 34199775 PMCID: PMC8226905 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurellosis in farmed lumpsuckers, Cyclopterus lumpus, has emerged as a serious disease in Norwegian aquaculture in recent years. Genomic characterization of the causative agent is essential in understanding the biology of the bacteria involved and in devising an efficient preventive strategy. The genomes of two clinical Pasteurella atlantica isolates were sequenced (≈2.3 Mbp), and phylogenetic analysis confirmed their position as a novel species within the Pasteurellaceae. In silico analyses revealed 11 genomic islands and 5 prophages, highlighting the potential of mobile elements as driving forces in the evolution of this species. The previously documented pathogenicity of P. atlantica is strongly supported by the current study, and 17 target genes were recognized as putative primary drivers of pathogenicity. The expression level of a predicted vaccine target, an uncharacterized adhesin protein, was significantly increased in both broth culture and following the exposure of P. atlantica to lumpsucker head kidney leucocytes. Based on in silico and functional analyses, the strongest gene target candidates will be prioritized in future vaccine development efforts to prevent future pasteurellosis outbreaks.
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12
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Chen Y, Liu W, Ma J, Wang Y, Huang H. Comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis revealing the responses of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) to the replacement of fish meal with soy protein concentrate. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2037-2053. [PMID: 32767005 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteins are suitable and alternative to fish meals (FMs), with less cost compared with that of all other types of fish feeds. In recent years, soy protein concentrate (SPC) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to FM; however, little is known regarding the effects of dietary SPC on general fish physiology and well-being. This study aimed to perform comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis for testing the applicability of SPC as fish feeds in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) [SPC replaced 0% (CK), 30% (SPC30), and 75% (SPC75) of FM protein]. Generally, SPC30 promoted fish survival and had less effects on the phenotype, while SPC75 reduced fish survival, promoted inflammation, and regulated multiple physiological responses. Thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by SPC were identified in the intestine, liver, and muscle, which were enriched in biological regulation, cellular process, metabolic process, single-organism process, cell, cell part, membrane, binding, and catalytic activity based on RNA-seq. Notably, some DEGs involved in amino acid and lipid metabolism in the digestive system highlighted the modulatory effect of SPC on these metabolic processes, consistent with the physiological responses including enzyme activities. The enriched aspects of these predominant DEGs might be directly related to the different effects of SPC30 and SPC75 on fish growth, digestibility, and underlying enzyme activities and histology. In conclusion, the comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic comparative analysis of CK, SPC30, and SPC75 was also effective in testing the applicability of SPC as fish feeds and in designing a proper diet with the best impact on the growth performance and health of fish in hybrid grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Sanya, 572022, Hainan province, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkan Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Sanya, 572022, Hainan province, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Sanya, 572022, Hainan province, People's Republic of China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Sanya, 572022, Hainan province, People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhu Z, Yang L, Yu P, Wang Y, Peng X, Chen L. Comparative Proteomics and Secretomics Revealed Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance-Associated Factors in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Recovered From Commonly Consumed Aquatic Products. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1453. [PMID: 32765437 PMCID: PMC7381183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafoodborne pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis and septicemia diseases in humans and even death. The emergence of multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus leads to difficulties and rising costs of medical treatment. The bacterium of environmental origins containing no major virulence genes (tdh and trh) has been reported to be associated with infectious diarrhea disease as well. Identification of risk factors in V. parahaemolyticus is imperative for assuming food safety. In this study, we obtained secretomic and proteomic profiles of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from 12 species of commonly consumed aquatic products and identified candidate protein spots by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry techniques. A total of 11 common and 28 differential extracellular proteins were found from distinct secretomic profiles, including eight virulence-associated proteins: outer membrane channel TolC, maltoporin, elongation factor Tu, enolase, transaldolase, flagellin C, polar flagellin B/D, and superoxide dismutase, as well as five antimicrobial and/or heavy metal resistance-associated ABC transporter proteins. Comparison of proteomic profiles derived from the 12 V. parahaemolyticus isolates also revealed five intracellular virulence-related proteins, including aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase, outer membrane protein A, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C, phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase, and phosphoglycerate kinase. Additionally, our data indicated that aquatic product matrices significantly altered proteomic profiles of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates with a number of differentially expressed proteins identified. The results in this study meet the increasing need for novel diagnosis candidates of the leading seafoodborne pathogen worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zhang XH, He X, Austin B. Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:231-245. [PMID: 32419972 PMCID: PMC7223180 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi, which belongs to family Vibrionaceae of class Gammaproteobacteria, includes the species V. carchariae and V. trachuri as its junior synonyms. The organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, including penaeid shrimp, in aquaculture. Diseased fish may exhibit a range of lesions, including eye lesions/blindness, gastro-enteritis, muscle necrosis, skin ulcers, and tail rot disease. In shrimp, V. harveyi is regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the dark. There is a second condition of shrimp known as Bolitas negricans where the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off tissue. It is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of V. harveyi may be different in fish and penaeid shrimp. In shrimp, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular proteases, and interaction with bacteriophages. In fish, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin (encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes), which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis, via the caspase activation pathway. V. harveyi may enter the so-called viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture. Disease control measures center on dietary supplements (including probiotics), nonspecific immunostimulants, and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Xinxin He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Brian Austin
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK
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15
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Guo S, He L, Wu L, Xiao Y, Zhai S, Yan Q. Immunization of a novel bivalent outer membrane protein simultaneously resisting Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus infection in European eels (Angullia angullia). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:46-57. [PMID: 31846771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated European eels, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus are three important bacterial pathogens. In this study, European eels (Anguilla anguilla) were immunized by the bivalent expression products of the outer membrane protein (Omp) gene from A. hydrophila (OmpⅡ) and E. anguillarum (OmpA), and the effects of the bivalent protein (rOmpⅡ-A) on the immune function of the European eel were detected. Three hundred eels were divided average into three groups of PBS, adjuvant and rOmp. Eels of three goups were injected intraperitoneal with 0.2 mL of PBS (0.01 mol/L, pH7.4), PBS + F (PBS mixed equal volume of freund's uncomplete adjuvant) or rOmpⅡ-A (1 mg mL-1 rOmpⅡ-A mixed equal volume of freund's uncomplete adjuvant). Four immune-related genes expression, proliferation of whole blood cells, serum and skin mucus antibody titer, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were studied at different days (or hours) post the immunization. The results showed that the igm, lysC, mhc2 and sod gene in the liver, spleen, kidney and intestine tract were significant increased in the Omp group; On the 28 day post the immunization (dpi), blood cell proliferation was increased in the Omp group, and on the 14, 21, 28 and 42 dpi, antibody titers in serum and mucus of the Omp group were significantly higher than that of the PBS and adjuvant group, regardless of coating with bacteria or Omp antigen. The SOD activity of Omp group increased significantly in liver, kidney, skin mucus and serum from 14 to 42 dpi, especially in serum. Eels chanllenged by A. hydrophila, E. anguillarum and V. vulnificus in the bivalent Omp group showed the RPS were 83.33%, 55.56% and 44.44%, respectively. The results of this study showed that immunization of the bivalent Omp could effectively improve the immune function of European eels, and produced effectively protection to A. hydrophila and E. anguillarum infection. Simultaneously, the bivalent Omp also produced distinct cross-protection to the eels challenged by V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Guo
- Fisheries College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Le He
- Fisheries College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- College of Overseas Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yiqun Xiao
- Fisheries College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shaowei Zhai
- Fisheries College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qinpi Yan
- Fisheries College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel. Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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16
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Montánchez I, Kaberdin VR. Vibrio harveyi: A brief survey of general characteristics and recent epidemiological traits associated with climate change. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 154:104850. [PMID: 32056705 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we briefly review the major characteristics of the emerging pathogen Vibrio harveyi and discuss survival strategies and adaptation mechanisms underlying the capacity of this marine bacterium to thrive in natural and artificial aquatic settings. Recent studies suggest that some adaptation mechanisms can easily be acquired by V. harveyi and other members of the Vibrionaceae family owing to efficient horizontal gene transfer and elevated mutation rate. While discussing the main factors in charge of the expansion of Vibrio spp. habitats and concomitant spread of Vibrio-associated diseases under climate change, this review highlights the need for future studies able to address the joint impact of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the long-term dynamics and virulence of V. harveyi populations at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itxaso Montánchez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Vladimir R Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain.
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17
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He L, Wu L, Tang Y, Lin P, Zhai S, Xiao Y, Guo S. Immunization of a novel outer membrane protein from Aeromonas hydrophila simultaneously resisting A. hydrophila and Edwardsiella anguillarum infection in European eels (Angullia angullia). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:300-312. [PMID: 31866448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In cultivated European eels, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella anguillarum and Vibrio vulnificus are three important bacterial pathogens. In this study, an expressed recombinant Outer membrane proteinⅡ (rOmpⅡ) from A. hydrophila was intraperitoneally injected into European eels (Angullia angullia). All examined eels were equally divided into three groups. One group was injected with PBS only (PBS group), one group was injected with 1:1 mixture of PBS and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (PBS + F, adjuvant group), and the third group was injected with 1:1 mixture of 1 mg mL-1 rOmpⅡ and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (rOmpⅡ+F, OmpⅡ group). The immunogenicity of OmpⅡ was studied by detecting the expression of 4 immune-related genes, stimulation index (SI) of the whole blood cell, serum antibody titer, lysozyme and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and relative percent of survival (RPS) rate. The results showed that gene expression of MHC-Ⅱ, LysC, SOD and IgM in the OmpⅡ group significantly increased in liver, spleen, kidney and intestine. At 28 days post the immunization (dpi), the SI of whole blood cells in the OmpⅡ group increased significantly; at 14, 21, 28 and 42 dpi, the serum antibody titers against A. hydrophila and E. anguillarum in the OmpⅡ group were significantly higher than that of the PBS and the adjuvant group; the SOD in the OmpⅡ group was found increased significantly in liver, kidney, mucus and serum. On the 28 dpi, eels were challenged by A. hydrophila, E. anguillarum and V. vulnificus for cross protection study. The results showed that the RPS of the OmpⅡ group were 83.33%, 55.56% and 33.33% respectively. These results showed that the expressed OmpⅡ from A. hydrophila significantly improve the immune function of Europena eels and their resistance to the infection of A. hydrophila and E. anguillarum simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le He
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - LiQun Wu
- College of Overseas Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - YiJun Tang
- Yijun Tang, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd., Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Peng Lin
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - ShaoWei Zhai
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - YiQun Xiao
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - SongLin Guo
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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