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Chi H, Qin Q, Hao X, Dalmo RA, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Adjuvant effects of β-defensin on DNA vaccine OmpC against edwardsiellosis in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2024; 148:109502. [PMID: 38471627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
β-defensin of flounder plays an important role in immunomodulation by recruiting immune cells and has a potential vaccine adjuvant effect in addition to its bactericidal activity. In this study, adjuvant effects of β-defensin on DNA vaccine OmpC against edwardsiellosis in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated. The bicistronic eukaryotic expression plasmid pBudCE4.1 plasmid vector with two independent coding regions was selected to construct DNA vaccine of p-OmpC which express only the gene for the outer membrane protein of Edwardsiella tarda and the vaccine of p-OmpC-βdefensin which express both the outer membrane protein of the bacterium and β-defensin of flounder. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the constructed plasmids can be expressed in flounder embryonic cell lines and injection sites of muscles. After vaccination by intramuscular injection, both p-OmpC and p-OmpC-βdefensin groups showed significant upregulation of immune-response. Compared to the pBbudCE4.1 and the p-OmpC vaccinated groups, the p-OmpC-βdefensin vaccinated group showed significantly more cell aggregation at the injection site and intense immune response. The proportion of sIgM+ cells, as well as the CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ cells in both spleen and kidney was significantly higher in the p-OmpC-βdefensin vaccinated group at peak time point than in the control groups. The relative survival rate of the p-OmpC-βdefensin vaccine was 74.17%, which was significantly higher than that of the p-OmpC vaccinated group 48.33%. The results in this study determined that β-defensin enhances the responses in cellular and humoral immunity and evokes a high degree of protection against E. tarda, which is a promising candidate for vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qingqing Qin
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaokai Hao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Roy Ambli Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Sugiwaki H, Kotani M, Fujita A, Moriwaki S. Effects of Schumann resonance on the proliferation and migration of normal human epidermal keratinocytes and the expression of DEFB1 and SIRT1. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:676-680. [PMID: 37697693 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the skin is damaged and its barrier function is disrupted, the proliferation and migration of epidermal keratinocytes are vital for repairing the damaged area. The Schumann resonance at 7.8 Hz has been reported to protect rat cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress and inhibit the proliferation of B16 mouse melanoma cells. However, its effect on the skin is unknown. AIMS In this study, we applied 7.8-Hz electromagnetic waves to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and investigated its effects on cell proliferation and migration, β-defensin (DEFB1) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. METHODS We performed cell proliferation assay, cell migrationassay and gene expression analysis of DEFB1 and SIRT1. RESULTS We found that the application of 7.8-Hz electromagnetic waves caused a 2.8-fold increase in NHEK proliferation, enhanced cell migration, and increased the expression of DEFB1 and SIRT1 by 2.4-fold and 4.9-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the application of 7.8-Hz electromagnetic waves may contribute to improving the skin barrier function and skin ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shinichi Moriwaki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
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Kim KR, Kim J, Cho S, Ahn DR. Human β-Defensin 23 as a Carrier for In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of mRNA. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2477. [PMID: 37896237 PMCID: PMC10610245 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful application of mRNA therapeutics hinges on the effective intracellular delivery of mRNA both in vitro and in vivo. However, this remains a formidable challenge due to the polyanionic nature, longitudinal shape, and low nuclease resistance of mRNA. In this study, we introduce a novel mRNA delivery platform utilizing a human β-defensin peptide, hBD23. The positive charge of hBD23 allows it to form nanocomplexes with mRNA, facilitating cellular uptake and providing protection against serum nucleases. When optimized for peptide-to-mRNA (N/P) ratios, these hBD23/mRNA complexes demonstrated efficient cellular delivery and subsequent protein expression both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, as hBD23 is human derived, the complexes exhibited minimal cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. Given its high biocompatibility and delivery efficiency, hBD23 represents a promising platform for the in vitro and in vivo delivery of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ran Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (K.-R.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (K.-R.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Seunghye Cho
- Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (K.-R.K.); (J.K.)
- Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;
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Su G, Luo Y, Chen D, Yu B, He J. NF-κB-dependent induction of porcine β-defensin 114 regulates intestinal epithelium homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:241-249. [PMID: 34619281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) offer a primary physical barrier against commensal and pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestine. However, the influence of IECs on the development and regulation of mucosal immunity to infection is unknown. Here, we show that the porcine β-defensin 114 (PBD114) is an endotoxin-responsive gene expressed in IECs. Analysis on expression profiling of PBD114 gene using an infected porcine model and IPEC-J2 cells unveiled a pattern of induction in response to stimulation of various toll-like receptors (TLRs). By means of promoter analysis, PBD114 was found to be a NF-κB-dependent gene. Importantly, PBD114 suppresses endotoxin-induced inflammation and apoptosis in IECs through downregulation of two critical inflammation-associated signaling proteins, NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IkB-α) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). PBD114 also suppresses inflammation and IEC apoptosis in mice exposed to bacterial endotoxins. Thus, we propose that TLR-activated NF-kB rapidly increases the expression of PBD114 that operates a feedback control of the NF-kB-dependent inflammation. The NF-kB-dependent induction of PBD114 may be a key event through which the mammalian host maintains intestinal epithelium homeostasis in response to various infections or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Shulman RJ, Devaraj S, Heitkemper M. Activation of the Innate Immune System in Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Evidenced by Increased Fecal Human β-Defensin-2. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2121-2127. [PMID: 32961343 PMCID: PMC8041153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The role of the innate immune system in functional gastrointestinal pain disorders is unclear. We investigated the role of β-defensin-2 and gut permeability in childhood irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain (FAP) symptom generation. METHODS Fecal β-defensin-2 (and in a subset, gut permeability) was measured in children with IBS (n = 116), FAP (n = 33), and healthy control (HC) children (n = 72). IBS and FAP patients were recruited from tertiary and primary care, and HCs were recruited from primary care. RESULTS β-defensin-2 concentration was greater in children with IBS (P = .003) and FAP (P = .03) than in HCs. β-defensin-2 was greater in girls with IBS than female HCs (P = .007) and in girls with IBS vs boys with IBS (P = .036). There was no difference by sex in the FAP and HC groups. For the entire cohort, β-defensin-2 correlated with multiple pain symptoms. In the IBS group, β-defensin-2 correlated with pain interference (P = .014). No correlation with pain was found in the FAP or HC group. Gut permeability was greater in the IBS vs the FAP and HC groups (P = .038). For the entire cohort, permeability correlated with the number of pain episodes (P = .041) and interfering pain episodes (P = .049). For the entire cohort there was a correlation between β-defensin-2 and permeability (P = .003), with borderline correlation in the IBS group (P = .086). For the cohort and IBS and HC groups, the number of bowel movements was modestly inversely related to fecal β-defensin-2 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Increased fecal β-defensin-2 concentration in children with IBS suggests activation of the innate immune system in some, which, along with increased gut permeability, appears related to abdominal pain symptoms. Sex is an important variable in interpreting β-defensin-2 concentration in children with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Shulman
- Department of Pediatrics; Children's Nutrition Research Center; Texas Children's Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Texas Children's Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology
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Saidi A, Gaboriaud P, Lalmanach AC, Vanderlynden L, Fessard A, Vettori P, Fort G, Guabiraba R, Schouler C, Laurent F, Guitton E, Lecaille F, Bussière FI, Lalmanach G. Upregulation of gut cathepsin L during Eimeria tenella infection. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:109-116. [PMID: 34419895 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a disease caused by Eimeria, which represents the first parasitic disease in poultry farming. Among them, E. tenella is a virulent species which specifically colonizes the caecum. The inflammatory response to infection is associated to numerous host proteases including cysteine cathepsins that can be deleterious for tissue and innate immunity integrity. Here, germ-free and conventional chickens were used as models to find out whether the microbiota could modify the intestinal expression of host cysteine cathepsins during coccidiosis. The basal caecal peptidase activity primarily relies on host proteases rather than proteases from the commensal flora. While mRNA levels of E. tenella cathepsins B and L remained unchanged in germ-free and conventional broilers, an overall increase in endopeptidase activity of cysteine cathepsins was found in E. tenella-infected caeca in both experimental models (P < 0.005). A significant decrease in avian cystatin C transcription was also observed in infected conventional, but not in infected germ-free broilers. Despite an unchanged mRNA level of avian cathepsin L (CatL), its protein expression raised following infection, in parallel with an increased transcription of antimicrobial β-defensins (AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4, AvBD6, and AvBD7). Taken together, data support that host CatL is post-translationally upregulated during E. tenella infection, and thus may be involved in the alteration of the gut proteolytic balance. Furthermore, CatL may participate to inflammation occurring during coccidiosis through its known ability to proteolytically inactivates up-regulated avian β-defensins that are key molecules of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France.
| | - Pauline Gaboriaud
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Lise Vanderlynden
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Aurélie Fessard
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Pauline Vettori
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Geneviève Fort
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Rodrigo Guabiraba
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Schouler
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Edouard Guitton
- INRAE, UE Plate-forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Françoise I Bussière
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
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Almeida TTG, Monteiro MVB, Guimarães RC, Casseb AR, Huffman MA, Gonçalves EC, Monteiro FOB, Silva Filho E. Effect of gluten diet on blood innate immune gene expressions and stool consistency in Spix's Saddleback Tamarin (Leontocebus fuscicollis) raised in captivity. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3617-3623. [PMID: 31201676 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-04576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The callitrichids are non-human primates that feed on insects and plant matter in nature, but in captivity, they are fed mostly an artificial diet containing amounts of gluten, in their toxic forms in items such as wheat, barley and rye. The aim of this research was to estimate the blood β-defensin and Toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) gene expressions and to analyze the stool consistency (firm, soft, diarrheic) in Leontocebus fuscicollis raised in captivity. Blood samples of animals under gluten-free and gluten diets were collected and their fecal output quality was periodically monitored and classified during the course of the study. Gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. The stool consistencies of individuals fed a gluten diet were most frequently soft or diarrheic, while it was mostly normal in individuals fed a gluten-free diet. β-Defensin expression increased in individuals fed a gluten diet, but decreased after 15 days. Expression normalized between 30 and 45 days on a gluten-free diet. However, expression of the TLR5 gene did not change under a gluten diet. A gluten diet affects stool quality, and brings about an immediate increase in blood β-defensin expression in the beginning but decreases after 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ednaldo Silva Filho
- Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Zhou Y, Lei Y, Cao Z, Chen X, Sun Y, Xu Y, Guo W, Wang S, Liu C. A β-defensin gene of Trachinotus ovatus might be involved in the antimicrobial and antiviral immune response. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 92:105-115. [PMID: 30448509 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Defensins are a group of small cationic and cysteine-rich peptides that are important components of the innate immune system. However, studies on defensins in teleosts are very limited, particularly studies on defensin functions through in vivo assays. In this study, we cloned and identified one β-defensin (TroBD) the golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, and analyzed the functions of TroBD in both in vivo and in vitro assays. TroBD is composed of 63 amino acids and shares high sequence identities (27.27-98.41%) with known β-defensins of other teleosts. The protein has a signature motif of six conserved cysteine residues within the mature peptide. The expression of TroBD was most abundant in the head kidney and spleen and was significantly upregulated following infection by Vibrio harveyi and viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV). Purified recombinant TroBD (rTroBD) inhibited the growth of V. harveyi, and its antimicrobial activity was influenced by salt concentration. TroBD was found to have a chemotactic effect on macrophages in vitro. The results of an in vivo study demonstrated that TroBD overexpression/knockdown in T. ovatus significantly reduced/increased bacterial colonization or viral copy numbers in tissues. Taken together, these results indicate that TroBD plays a significant role in both antibacterial and antiviral immunity and provide new avenues for protection against pathogen infection in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China.
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, PR China
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Zhao Y, Xie Z, Feng J, Li W, Cao Z, Wu Y. Pharmacological characterization of human beta-defensins 3 and 4 on potassium channels: Evidence of diversity in beta-defensin-potassium channel interactions. Peptides 2018; 108:14-18. [PMID: 30121363 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have identified defensins as a new type of potassium channel inhibitors; differential binding mechanisms of human β-defensins hBD1 and hBD2 point to complex interactions between human β-defensins and potassium channels. We investigated the inhibitory effects of human defensins hBD3 and hBD4 on potassium channels. The data indicate that hBD3 is a voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3 (Kv1.3) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 187.6 ± 25.7 nM; 1 μM hBD4 inhibited 34.0 ± 0.2% of Kv1.3 channel currents. Moreover, 1 μM hBD3 inhibited 50.6 ± 3.6% of Kv1.2 channel currents and had smaller effects on Kv1.1, SKCa3, and IKCa channel currents; these effects differed from the Kv1.3 channel-specific inhibitors hBD1 and hBD2. Similar to the pharmacological profiles of hBD1 and hBD2, hBD4 had lower inhibitory effects on Kv1.1, Kv1.2, SKCa3, and IKCa channels. Subsequent mutagenesis and channel activation experiments confirmed that hBD3 binds in a manner similar to that of hBD1, interacting with the outer pore region of the Kv1.3 channel without affecting Kv1.3 channel activation. Thus, the data indicate that the human β-defensin family is a novel group of potassium channel inhibitors with diverse types of human β-defensin-potassium channel interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zili Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Biodrug Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Biodrug Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Biodrug Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Wulandari EAT, Saraswati H, Adawiyah R, Djauzi S, Wahyuningsih R, Price P. Immunological and epidemiological factors affecting candidiasis in HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy in an Asian clinic. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:86-91. [PMID: 28622549 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is common in HIV patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here we address the response to ART, and the roles of poor oral hygiene and defects in local innate immunity with a focus on salivary β-defensins, as they are implicated in control of candidiasis but have not been investigated in this context. DESIGN ART naïve HIV-infected adults (n=82) with <200 CD4+ T-cells/mm3 attending clinics at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, were examined at the commencement of ART, and 73 were re-examined after 3 months. OPC was detected by clinical examination, and Candida albicans and fungal burdens were determined following culture on CHROMagar and saboroud-dextrose agar (resp). Salivary β-defensins (-2 and -3) were quantified by ELISA. Healthy control subjects (n=40) matched the patients by age and gender. RESULTS OPC was evident in 47 patients before ART, and associated with greater fingal burdens. No OPC was detected in healthy controls and culture positivity was rare. ART decreased the prevalence of OPC to 8/73 HIV patients re-examined after 3 months, with reduced total fungal and C. albicans burdens. The incidence of OPC was independent of oral hygiene. Hyposalivation was more common in untreated HIV patients (16%) than after 3 months on ART and was rare in healthy controls. HIV patients were also more likely to have acidic saliva. Salivary β-defensin-2 was elevated in the presence of C. albicans pseudohyphae and OPC after 3 months on ART, but β-defensin-3 was not affected by OPC or ART. CONCLUSIONS ART reduces the prevalence of OPC, and the total fungal and C. albicans burden. Levels of salivary β-defensin-2 may associate with OPC in HIV patients responding to ART.
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McGlasson SL, Semple F, MacPherson H, Gray M, Davidson DJ, Dorin JR. Human β-defensin 3 increases the TLR9-dependent response to bacterial DNA. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:658-664. [PMID: 28102569 PMCID: PMC5412915 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with potent bactericidal activity in vitro. HBD3 is produced in response to pathogen challenge and can modulate immune responses. The amplified recognition of self-DNA by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells has been previously reported, but we show here that hBD3 preferentially enhances the response to bacterial DNA in mouse Flt-3 induced dendritic cells (FLDCs) and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We show the effect is mediated through TLR9 and although hBD3 significantly increases the cellular uptake of both E. coli and self-DNA in mouse FLDCs, only the response to bacterial DNA is enhanced. Liposome transfection also increases uptake of bacterial DNA and amplifies the TLR9-dependent response. In contrast to hBD3, lipofection of self-DNA enhances inflammatory signaling, but the response is predominantly TLR9-independent. Together, these data show that hBD3 has a role in the innate immune-mediated response to pathogen DNA, increasing inflammatory signaling and promoting activation of the adaptive immune system via antigen presenting cells including dendritic cells. Therefore, our data identify an additional immunomodulatory role for this copy-number variable defensin, of relevance to host defence against infection and indicate a potential for the inclusion of HBD3 in pathogen DNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Semple
- MRC Human Genetics UnitIGMMUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Mohini Gray
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchQMRIUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Donald J. Davidson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchQMRIUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Julia R. Dorin
- MRC Human Genetics UnitIGMMUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchQMRIUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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12
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Yu H, Wang H, Liu X, Feng L, Qiao X, Cai S, Shi N, Wang Y. Identification, eukaryotic expression and structure & function characterizations of β-defensin like homologues from Pelodiscus sinensis. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 68:108-117. [PMID: 27890597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Defensins are a group of host defense peptides that play a central role in host innate immune responses. Here, 26 genes encoding β-defensin-like peptides have been identified for the first time in Pelodiscus sinensis using database mining approach. Phylogenetic study confirmed that β-defensins are fast evolving genes with high rates of sequence substitutions. The expression level of several selected genes in different tissues was examined by RT-PCR. Ps-BDs mainly adopt β-strands and/or α-helix conformations homology modeled by Rosetta program. Further, Ps-BD2 was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified using Ni-NTA column and RT-HPLC. As expected, the rPs-BD2 showed strong antimicrobial activity, but displayed a negligible hemolytic and cytotoxic activity on human erythrocytes and Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells, respectively. Our results suggested that the Ps-BD2 was produced efficiently in P. pastoris expression system, which makes the large-scale use of rPs-BDs possible in the future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lan Feng
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Shasha Cai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Nannan Shi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China.
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Merriman KE, Kweh MF, Powell JL, Lippolis JD, Nelson CD. Multiple β-defensin genes are upregulated by the vitamin D pathway in cattle. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:120-9. [PMID: 26255277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Experimental models of bacterial and viral infections in cattle have suggested vitamin D has a role in innate immunity of cattle. The intracrine vitamin D pathway of bovine macrophages, however, has only been shown to activate a nitric oxide-mediated defense mechanism, as opposed to cathelicidin and β-defensin antimicrobial peptides in human macrophages. In this study we have investigated the actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) on a cluster of eleven bovine β-defensin genes on the basis of RNAseq data indicating they were targets of 1,25D in cattle. Treatment of bovine monocyte cultures with 1,25D (10 nM, 18 h) in the absence and presence of LPS stimulation increased the expression of bovine β-defensin 3 (BNBD3), BNBD4, BNBD6, BNBD7, and BNBD10 genes 5 to 10-fold compared to control (P<0.05). Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes with 0-100 ng/mL 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 also increased BNBD3, BNBD4, BNBD7, and BNBD10 in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of monocytes with the protein translation inhibitor, cycloheximide, however, blocked upregulation of the β-defensins in response to 1,25D suggesting the β-defensins in cattle are not direct targets of the vitamin D receptor. Furthermore, preliminary investigation of vitamin D's contribution to β-defensin expression in vivo revealed that intramammary 1,25D treatment of lactating cows increased BNBD7 expression in mammary macrophages. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that multiple β-defensin genes are upregulated by 1,25D in cattle, providing further indication that vitamin D contributes to bovine innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Merriman
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mercedes F Kweh
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica L Powell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, 2250 Shealy Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John D Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames IA, USA
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, 2250 Shealy Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Dong JJ, Wu F, Ye X, Sun CF, Tian YY, Lu MX, Zhang R, Chen ZH. Β-defensin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Sequence, tissue expression, and anti-bacterial activity of synthetic peptides. Gene 2015; 566:23-31. [PMID: 25871516 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Beta-defensins (β-defensins) are small cationic amphiphilic peptides that are widely distributed in plants, insects, and vertebrates, and are important for their antimicrobial properties. In this study, the β-defensin (Onβ-defensin) gene of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was cloned from spleen tissue. Onβ-defensin has a genomic DNA sequence of 674 bp and produces a cDNA of 454 bp. Sequence alignments showed that Onβ-defensin contains three exons and two introns. Sequence analysis of the cDNA identified an open reading frame of 201 bp, encoding 66 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that Onβ-defensin encodes a cytoplasmic protein molecule containing a signal peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence of this peptide contains six conserved cysteine residues and two conserved glycine residues, and shows 81.82% and 78.33% sequence similarities with β-defensin-1 of fugu (Takifugu rubripes) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the level of Onβ-defensin expression was highest in the skin (307.1-fold), followed by the spleen (77.3-fold), kidney (17.8-fold), and muscle (16.5-fold) compared to controls. By contrast, low levels of expression were found in the liver, heart, intestine, stomach, and gill (<3.0-fold). Artificial infection of tilapia with Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS] strain) resulted in a significantly upregulated expression of Onβ-defensin in the skin, muscle, kidney, and gill. In vitro antimicrobial experiments showed that a synthetic Onβ-defensin polypeptide had a certain degree of inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli DH5α and S. agalactiae. The results indicate that Onβ-defensin plays a role in immune responses that suppress or kill pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Cheng-Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mai-Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fisheries Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Noyola-Martínez N, Barrera D, Zaga-Clavellina V, Avila E, Halhali A, Biruete B, Larrea F, Díaz L. IL-10 inhibits while calcitriol reestablishes placental antimicrobial peptides gene expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:187-93. [PMID: 25088189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IL-10 and calcitriol help to achieve a successful pregnancy by suppressing active maternal immunity; however, these factors exert opposite effects upon microbial infections. In the skin and immune cells, IL-10 downregulates β-defensins while calcitriol induces cathelicidin gene expression in various tissues including placenta. Though, the regulation of human placental β-defensins by IL-10 and calcitriol has not been studied. Therefore, we explored the regulation of these antimicrobial peptides expression in cultured placental cells by calcitriol and IL-10 alone and combined. Real time PCR showed that calcitriol stimulated, while IL-10 inhibited, β-defensins and cathelicidin gene expression (P<0.05). In coincubations studies, calcitriol was able to maintain antimicrobial peptides gene expression above control values, overriding IL-10 inhibitory effects. Calcitriol downregulated endogenous IL-10 secretion. Interestingly, calcitriol and TNF-α cooperatively enhanced β-defensins, while TNF-α reduced basal and calcitriol-stimulated cathelicidin gene expression. In summary, calcitriol and IL-10 exerted opposite effects on antimicrobial peptides expression in the human placenta, suggesting that unbalanced production of IL-10 and calcitriol could be deleterious to innate immune responses during gestation. Our results suggest that calcitriol enhancement of placental defenses involves two mechanisms: (1) downregulation of IL-10 secretion and (2) direct upregulation of β-defensins and cathelicidin gene expression. Considering that IL-10 and calcitriol differentially regulate the innate immune response in the placenta, in the case of an infection, calcitriol might restrict IL-10 permissive actions towards microbial invasion while restrains inflammation, allowing for pregnancy to continue in quiescence. These results strongly advice maternal vitamin D sufficiency during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Nancy Noyola-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales No. 800, México City, Col. Lomas de Virreyes 11000, Mexico
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Biruete
- División de Obstetricia, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia del IMSS "Luis Castelazo Ayala", Río Magdalena No. 289, México City, Tizapán 01090, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, México City, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico.
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Qi Z, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhao W, Chen S, Gao Q. Molecular cloning, expression analysis and functional characterization of interleukin-22 in So-iny mullet, Liza haematocheila. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:245-52. [PMID: 25108846 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, interleukin-22 (IL-22) from So-iny mullet (Liza haematocheila) was identified, and its tissue expression in both healthy and Streptococcus dysgalactiae-infected fish was examined. The full length cDNA sequence of mullet IL-22 was 1070bp, containing an open reading frame of 555bp. The deduced amino acid sequence shared high similarity (45.1-67.9%) with IL-22 from other fish species. Mullet IL-22 also contained an IL-10 family signature and four cysteine residues that were well conserved in other vertebrate IL-22 molecules. Mullet IL-22 mRNA was highly expressed in kidney, moderately expressed in liver and gut, and relatively weakly expressed in spleen, and its expression was significantly up-regulated in all the examined tissues following S. dysgalactiae infection. Furthermore, recombinant mullet IL-22 protein was shown to promote the expression of β-defensin in the four tissues and to increase the survival rate of the fish infected with S. dysgalactiae. Our results suggest mullet IL-22 plays an important role in the immune defense against bacterial infection and has the potential to be used to treat bacterial diseases in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shannan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
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Torres AM, Bansal P, Koh JM, Pagès G, Wu MJ, Kuchel PW. Structure and antimicrobial activity of platypus 'intermediate' defensin-like peptide. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1821-6. [PMID: 24694388 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of a chemically synthesized peptide that we have called 'intermediate' defensin-like peptide (Int-DLP), from the platypus genome, was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy; and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. The overall structural fold of Int-DLP was similar to that of the DLPs and β-defensins, however the presence of a third antiparallel β-strand makes its structure more similar to the β-defensins than the DLPs. Int-DLP displayed potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The four arginine residues at the N-terminus of Int-DLP did not affect the overall fold, but were important for its antimicrobial potency.
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Chen Y, Zhao H, Zhang X, Luo H, Xue X, Li Z, Yao B. Identification, expression and bioactivity of Paramisgurnus dabryanus β-defensin that might be involved in immune defense against bacterial infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:399-406. [PMID: 23688963 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
β-defensins are a large family of multi-disulfide-bonded peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities that contribute to innate host defense in many organisms, but little information is available about β-defensins produced by freshwater fish lacking scales. We therefore cloned and identified a β-defensin gene from Chinese loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) by designing degenerate primers and using thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR. This gene is the first defensin gene ever identified in a non-scaled freshwater fish. Annotation of the protein domain architecture showed that the putative Chinese loach β-defensin contains the signature motif of six conserved cysteines within the mature peptide, an aspect similar to β-defensins of other marine fish. We also used quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the expression pattern of the Chinese loach β-defensin gene, mRNA of which could be observed in various tissues. After challenge with the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, β-defensin expression was induced in the eye, gill, skin, and spleen of the adult loach. The bioactivity of the recombinant P. dabryanus β-defensin was examined against pathogenic bacteria, and the results suggest that this class 2 β-defensin has potential applications for treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Mehlotra RK, Dazard JE, John B, Zimmerman PA, Weinberg A, Jurevic RJ. Copy Number Variation within Human β-Defensin Gene Cluster Influences Progression to AIDS in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3. [PMID: 23543857 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY BACKGROUND DEFB4/103A encoding β-defensin 2 and 3, respectively, inhibit CXCR4-tropic (X4) viruses in vitro. We determined whether DEFB4/103A Copy Number Variation (CNV) influences time-to-X4 and time-to-AIDS outcomes. METHODS We utilized samples from a previously published Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), which provides longitudinal account of viral tropism in relation to the full spectrum of rates of disease progression. Using traditional models for time-to-event analysis, we investigated association between DEFB4/103A CNV and the two outcomes, and interaction between DEFB4/103A CNV and disease progression groups, Fast and Slow. RESULTS Time-to-X4 and time-to-AIDS were weakly correlated. There was a stronger relationship between these two outcomes for the fast progressors. DEFB4/103A CNV was associated with time-to-AIDS, but not time-to-X4. The association between higher DEFB4/103A CNV and time-to-AIDS was more pronounced for the slow progressors. CONCLUSION DEFB4/103A CNV was associated with time-to-AIDS in a disease progression group-specific manner in the MACS cohort. Our findings may contribute to enhancing current understanding of how genetic predisposition influences AIDS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Mehlotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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