1
|
Shi X, Gao F, Zhao X, Pei C, Zhu L, Zhang J, Li C, Li L, Kong X. Role of HIF in fish inflammation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109222. [PMID: 37956798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF) is a central transcription factor in cellular oxygen sensing and regulation. It is common that the inflammation always appears in many diseases, like infectious diseases in fishes, and the inflammation is often accompanied by hypoxia, as a hallmark of inflammation. Besides coordinating cellular responses to low oxygen, HIF-mediated hypoxia signaling pathway is also crucial for immune responses such as the regulations of innate immune cell phenotype and function, as well as metabolic reprogramming under the inflammation. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which HIFs regulate the inflammatory response in fish is still very limited. Here, we review the characteristics of HIF as well as its roles in innate immune cells and the infections caused by bacteria and viruses. The regulatory effects of HIF on the metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells are also discussed and the future research directions are outlooked. This paper will serve as a reference for elucidating the molecular mechanism of HIF regulating inflammation and identifying treatment strategies to target HIF for fish disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China; Sanquan Medical College, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chao Pei
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu W, He J, Li Z, Weng S, Guo C, He J. Oxygen-Sensing Protein Cysteamine Dioxygenase from Mandarin Fish Involved in the Arg/N-Degron Pathway and Siniperca chuatsi Rhabdovirus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1644. [PMID: 37631990 PMCID: PMC10458066 DOI: 10.3390/v15081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalia cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) dioxygenase (ADO) controls the stability of the regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) through the Cys branch of the Arg/N-degron pathway, thereby affecting the response of the body to hypoxia. However, the oxygen-sensing function of ADO remains unknown in teleost fish. Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is one of the most important freshwater economic fishes in China. As the scale of the rearing density continues to increase, hypoxia has become an important factor threatening the growth of mandarin fish. Herein, the molecular characterization, the oxygen-sensing enzyme function, and the role in virus infection of ADO from mandarin fish (scADO) were explored. Bioinformation analysis results showed that scADO had all the molecular foundations for achieving thiol dioxygenase function: three histidine residues coordinated with Fe(II), PCO/ADO domain, and a "jelly roll" β-barrel structure. The expression pattern analysis showed that scAdo was highly expressed in the immune-related tissues, liver, and kidneys and responded to hypoxia on the expression level. Protein degradation experiment results revealed that scADO could lead to the degradation of RGS4 protein through the Cys branch of the Arg/N-degron pathway. Furthermore, the expression levels of scADO responded to fish virus infection. scADO could significantly promote the replication of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus, and this was associated with its thiol dioxygenase activity. These findings not only demonstrate scADO as an oxygen-sensing protein in teleost fish, but are also of considerable importance for clarifying the contribution of the mechanism of hypoxia to the outbreaks of fish viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Shaoping Weng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Changjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (W.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (J.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin XW, Luo ZY, Pan WQ, He J, Li ZM, Yu Y, Liu C, Weng SP, He JG, Guo CJ. The Interaction of Mandarin Fish DDX41 with STING Evokes type I Interferon Responses Inhibiting Ranavirus Replication. Viruses 2022; 15:58. [PMID: 36680100 PMCID: PMC9862065 DOI: 10.3390/v15010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX41 is an intracellular DNA sensor that evokes type I interferon (IFN-I) production via the adaptor stimulator of interferon gene (STING), triggering innate immune responses against viral infection. However, the regulatory mechanism of the DDX41-STING pathway in teleost fish remains unclear. The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a cultured freshwater fish species that is popular in China because of its high market value. With the development of a high-density cultural mode in mandarin fish, viral diseases have increased and seriously restricted the development of aquaculture, such as ranavirus and rhabdovirus. Herein, the role of mandarin fish DDX41 (scDDX41) and its DEAD and HELIC domains in the antiviral innate immune response were investigated. The level of scDDX41 expression was up-regulated following treatment with poly(dA:dT) or Mandarin fish ranavirus (MRV), suggesting that scDDX41 might be involved in fish innate immunity. The overexpression of scDDX41 significantly increased the expression levels of IFN-I, ISGs, and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays showed that the DEAD domain of scDDX41 recognized the IFN stimulatory DNA and interacted with STING to activate IFN-I signaling pathway. Interestingly, the HELIC domain of scDDX41 could directly interact with the N-terminal of STING to induce the expression levels of IFN-I and ISGs genes. Furthermore, the scDDX41 could enhance the scSTING-induced IFN-I immune response and significantly inhibit MRV replication. Our work would be beneficial to understand the roles of teleost fish DDX41 in the antiviral innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chang-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
García-Meilán I, Tort L, Khansari AR. Rainbow trout integrated response after recovery from short-term acute hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1021927. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1021927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming a stress situation, such as hypoxia episodes, which involve an allostatic load, will depend on the ability of fish to modulate physiological and biochemical systems to maintain homeostasis. The aim of the study was to determine the integrated stress response after acute hypoxia of the rainbow trout considering the different elements and areas of the stress response: systemic and mucosal, local and global, and from the systemic hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis to skin mucosa. For this purpose, trout were subjected to acute hypoxia (dissolved O2 down to 2 mg/L) for 1 h and then recovered and sampled at 1, 6, and 24 h after reoxygenation. Physiological responses were significantly affected by hypoxic stress and their interaction with time after the challenge, being significant for plasma lactate and cortisol levels, in both plasma and skin mucus. At the central brain level, only trh expression was modulated 1 h after hypoxia which indicates that brain function is not heavily affected by this particular stress. Unlike the brain, the head kidney and skin were more affected by hypoxia and reoxygenation. In the head kidney, an upregulation in the expression of most of the genes studied (gr, il1β, il6, tgfβ1, lysozyme, caspase 3, enolase, hif-1, myoglobin, sod2, gpx, gst, and gsr) took place 6 h after recovery, whereas only hsp70 and il10 were upregulated after 1 h. On the contrary, in the skin, most of the analyzed genes showed a higher upregulation during 1 h after stress suggesting that, in the skin, a local response took place as soon as the stressor was detected, thus indicating the importance of the skin in the building of a stress response, whereas the interrenal tissue participated in a later time point to help prevent further alteration at the central level. The present results also show that, even though the stressor is a physical/environmental stressor, all components of the biological systems participate in the regulation of the response process and the recovery process, including neuroendocrine, metabolism, and immunity.
Collapse
|
5
|
He J, Yu Y, Li ZM, Liu ZX, Weng SP, Guo CJ, He JG. Hypoxia triggers the outbreak of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus disease through viral hypoxia response elements. Virulence 2022; 13:714-726. [PMID: 35465839 PMCID: PMC9045828 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2065950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia frequently occurs in aquatic environments, especially in aquaculture areas. However, research on the relationship between hypoxic aquatic environments with viral diseases outbreak is limited, and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrated that hypoxia directly triggers the outbreak of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) disease. Hypoxia or activated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway could remarkably increase the levels of viral genomic DNA, titers, and gene expression, indicating that ISKNV can response to hypoxia and HIF pathway. To reveal the mechanism of ISKNV respond to HIF pathway, we identified the viral hypoxia response elements (HREs) in ISKNV genome. Fifteen viral HREs were identified, and four related viral genes responded to the HIF pathway, in which the hre-orf077r promoter remarkably responded to the HIF pathway. The level of orf077r mRNA dramatically increased after the infected cells were treated with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or the infected cells/fish subjected to hypoxic conditions, and overexpressed orf077r could remarkably increase the ISKNV replication. These finding shows that hypoxic aquatic environments induce the expression of viral genes through the viral HREs to promote ISKNV replication, indicating that viral HREs might be important biomarkers for the evaluation of the sensitivity of aquatic animal viral response to hypoxia stress. Furthermore, the frequencies of viral HREs in 43 species aquatic viral genomes from 16 families were predicted and the results indicate that some aquatic animal viruses, such as Picornavirdea, Dicistronviridae, and Herpesviridae, may have a high risk to outbreak when the aquatic environment encounters hypoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chang-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Liu B, Yang J, Li G, Wen H, Zhang M, Li J, He F. DNA methylation in promoter region of immune related genes STAT3 and VEGFA and biochemical parameters change in muscle of Japanese flounder under acute hypoxia. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:104295. [PMID: 34662685 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute hypoxic stress can lead to immune response in fish, but the molecular mechanism of muscle immunity in fish under acute hypoxia are still unclear. In this study, we carried out the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription3(STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) on muscle immune responses of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) during acute hypoxic stimulation (1.65 ± 0.28mg/L O2; 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h) and reoxygenation (7.30 ± 0.40mg/L O2; R12h, R24h, R48h). In situ hybridization (ISH) showed that STAT3 and VEGFA RNA were co-located in the skeletal muscle of Japanese flounder. Japanese flounder was seriously affected by hypoxia for 3h and 6h. The expression of STAT3 and VEGFA increased significantly. The methylation levels of STAT3 5'UTR region and VEGFA promoter region were significantly lower than those in normoxia group, which was negatively correlated with the expression levels of STAT3 and VEGFA. The enzyme activities (LDH, ALT, AST, ALP) changed significantly. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected a positive correlation between serum VEGFA concentration and muscle VEGFA mRNA. The current study have shown that Japanese flounder responded to acute hypoxic stress at multiple metabolic levels by changing DNA methylation status and activating transcription factors such as HIF-1α, Nrf2 and STAT3. It is significant for the scientific development of aquaculture through analyzing the effects of hypoxia on biological immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Meizhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xin Y, Yang Z, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yu J, Zhong W, Chen Y, Lv X, Hu J, Lin J, Miao Y, Wang L. Hypoxia Induces Oxidative Injury and Apoptosis via Mediating the Nrf-2/Hippo Pathway in Blood Cells of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.841318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating how aquatic animals respond to hypoxia brought about by changes in environmental temperature may be of great significance to avoid oxidative injury and maintain the quality of farmed fish in the background of global warming. Here, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on oxidative injury and environment-sensing pathway in blood cells of Micropterus salmoides. The total blood cell count (TBCC) and Giemsa staining showed that hypoxia could lead to damage of blood cells. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the apoptosis rate, Ca2+ level, NO production and ROS of blood cells were significantly increased under hypoxia stress. Environment-sensing pathways, such as Nrf2 pathway showed that hypoxia resulted in significant up-regulation of hiF-1 alpha subunit (Hif-1α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and kelch-1ike ECH- associated protein l (Keap1) expression. Meanwhile, the expression of Hippo pathway-related genes such as MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1), large tumor suppressor homolog 1/2 (Lats1/2), yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) were significantly increased in blood cells after hypoxia exposure. In addition, hypoxia stress also increased the expression of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), but decreased the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Consequently, our results suggested that hypoxia could induce oxidative injury and apoptosis via mediating environment-sensing pathway such as Nrf2/Hippo pathway in blood cells of M. salmoides.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Xu R, Jiang L, Xu EG, Wang M, Wang J, Li B, Hu M, Zhang L, Wang Y. Effects of Microplastics on Immune Responses of the Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Under Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:753999. [PMID: 34621192 PMCID: PMC8490880 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.753999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with marine organisms, research on microplastics (MPs) in freshwater organisms is still less although MPs have been widely found in the freshwater ecosystem. Hypoxia is a ubiquitous issue in freshwater aquaculture, and under such scenarios, the toxic effects of MPs on typical aquaculture fish need to be clarified. In this study, we studied the effects of MPs (polystyrene) on specific growth rate (SGR), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interferon (IFN) in the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) under hypoxic conditions. After 15 days of exposure, the SGR was not affected by MPs or hypoxia. MPs significantly increased the expressions of HIF-1α and TNF-α but inhibited the expression of IFN at high concentration MPs under normoxia. However, hypoxia significantly inhibited the expression of IL-8 and TNF-α under high MP concentration and low MP concentration, respectively. In addition, MPs had significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on IFN under hypoxia. Surprisingly, a positive correction between HIF-1α and TNF-α was found in fish. Although hypoxia might alleviate the effects of MPs with low concentrations, the interaction of hypoxia and MPs aggravated the negative effects of MPs on immune factors at high concentration MPs. This study provided new insight into the complex effects of hypoxia and MPs on aquatic organisms, and future studies should focus on the cellular pathways of immune cells in fish. Given that MPs could induce the immune response in fish, considerations should be paid to the impacts of MPs on freshwater aquaculture, and hypoxia should be taken into consideration when evaluating the effects of MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li'ang Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Huai'an Research Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Xu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Huai'an Research Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Jiang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Man Wang
- Huai'an Research Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Huai'an Research Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Huai'an Research Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huai'an, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu MJ, Guo HY, Liu B, Zhu KC, Guo L, Liu BS, Zhang N, Yang JW, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Gill oxidative damage caused by acute ammonia stress was reduced through the HIF-1α/NF-κb signaling pathway in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112504. [PMID: 34265533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the intoxication mechanism of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) exposed to high ammonia levels and the effects on the immune and antioxidant mechanisms of gills. Juvenile golden pompano was exposed to ammonia (total ammonia: 26.9 mg/L) to induce 96 h of ammonia stress, and a 96 h recovery experiment was performed after poisoning. Then, we evaluated hematological parameters, the histological structure and the expression of related genes. In this experiment, continuous exposure to high levels of ammonia led to a significant increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P < 0.05), and the levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of antioxidant genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) increased (P < 0.05). These results indicate that ammonia activates the active osmotic regulatory mechanism of fish gills and participates in defense and immune responses. However, with prolonged exposure to ammonia, the balance of the defense system is disrupted, leading to oxidative damage and inflammation of the gill tissue. This research not only helps elucidate the intoxication mechanism of golden pompano by ammonia at the molecular level but also provides a theoretical basis for further research on detoxification mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jian Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 300384 Tianjin, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Figueiredo F, Kristoffersen H, Bhat S, Zhang Z, Godfroid J, Peruzzi S, Præbel K, Dalmo RA, Xu X. Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:980. [PMID: 34681079 PMCID: PMC8533105 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Disease resistance of fish larvae may be improved by bath treatment in water containing immunostimulants. Pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR3, TLR7, and MDA5, work as an "early warning" to induce intracellular signaling and facilitate an antiviral response. A single bath of newly hatched larvae, with Astragalus, upregulated the expression of IFNα, IFNc, ISG15, MDA5, PKR, STAT1, TLR3, and TLR7 immune genes, on day 4 post treatment. Similar patterns were observed for Hyaluronic acid and Poly I:C. Increased expression was observed for ISG15, MDA5, MX, STAT1, TLR3, TLR7, and RSAD2, on day 9 for Imiquimod. Metabolic gene expression was stimulated on day 1 after immunostimulant bath in ULK1, MYC, SLC2A1, HIF1A, MTOR, and SIX1, in Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, and Imiquimod. Expression of NOS2 in Poly I:C was an average fourfold above that of control at the same timepoint. Throughout the remaining sampling days (2, 4, 9, 16, 32, and 45 days post immunostimulant bath), NOS2 and IL1B were consistently overexpressed. In conclusion, the immunostimulants induced antiviral gene responses, indicating that a single bath at an early life stage could enable a more robust antiviral defense in fish. Additionally, it was demonstrated, based on gene expression data, that cell metabolism was perturbed, where several metabolic genes were co-regulated with innate antiviral genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Figueiredo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Harald Kristoffersen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Shripathi Bhat
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Zuobing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Peruzzi
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Roy Ambli Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway; (H.K.); (S.B.); (K.P.); (X.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evidence for a Novel Antiviral Mechanism of Teleost Fish: Serum-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Virus Replication through Incorporating Mx1 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910346. [PMID: 34638687 PMCID: PMC8508709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are associated with cancer progression, pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system-related diseases, immune responses and viral pathogenicity. However, study on the role of exosomes in the immune response of teleost fish, especially antiviral immunity, is limited. Herein, serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish were used to investigate the antiviral effect on the exosomes of teleost fish. Exosomes isolated from mandarin fish serum by ultra-centrifugation were internalized by mandarin fish fry cells and were able to inhibit Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of exosomes in inhibiting ISKNV infection, the protein composition of serum-derived exosomes was analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was found that myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) was incorporated by exosomes. Furthermore, the mandarin fish Mx1 protein was proven to be transferred into the recipient cells though exosomes. Our results showed that the serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish could inhibit ISKNV replication, which suggested an underlying mechanism of the exosome antivirus in that it incorporates Mx1 protein and delivery into recipient cells. This study provided evidence for the important antiviral role of exosomes in the immune system of teleost fish.
Collapse
|
12
|
Duarte-Gutiérrez J, Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Gómez-Jiménez S, Mata-Haro V, Yepiz-Plascencia G. HIF-1 is involved in the regulation of expression of metallothionein and apoptosis incidence in different oxygen conditions in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 262:111072. [PMID: 34496301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is exposed to hypoxic conditions in natural habitats and in shrimp farms. Hypoxia can retard growth, development and affect survival in shrimp. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) regulates many genes involved in glucose metabolism, antioxidant proteins, including metallothionein (MT) and apoptosis. In previous studies we found that the L. vannamei MT gene expression changed during hypoxia, and MT silencing altered cell apoptosis; in this study we investigated whether the silencing of HIF-1 affected MT expression and apoptosis. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was used to silence HIF-1α and HIF-1β under normoxia, hypoxia, and hypoxia plus reoxygenation. Expression of HIF-1α, HIF-1β and MT, and apoptosis in hemocytes or caspase-3 expression in gills, were measured at 0, 3, 24 and 48 h of hypoxia and hypoxia followed by 1 h of reoxygenation. The results showed that hemocytes HIF-1α expression was induced during hypoxia and reoxygenation at 3 h, while HIF-1β decreased at 24 and 48 h. In normoxia, HIF-1 silencing in hemocytes increased apoptosis at 3 h and decreased at 48 h; while in gills, caspase-3 increased at 3, 24 and 48 h. In hypoxia, HIF-1 silencing decreased apoptosis in hemocytes at 3 h, but caspase-3 increased in gills. During reoxygenation, apoptosis in hemocytes and caspase-3 in gills increased. During normoxia in hemocytes, silencing of HIF-1 decreased MT expression, but in gills, MT increased. During hypoxia and reoxygenation, silencing induced MT in hemocytes and gills. These results indicate HIF-1 differential participation in MT expression regulation and apoptosis during different oxygen conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Duarte-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gómez-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin RM, Huang HZ, Zhou Y, Wang YY, Fu HC, Li Z, Fu XZ, Li NQ. Characterization of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) IL-6 and IL-6 signal transducer and the association between their SNPs and resistance to ISKNV disease. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 113:139-147. [PMID: 33848638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In fish, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a very important immune-regulatory cytokine that plays a polyfunctional role in inflammation, metabolism, regeneration, and neural processes. IL-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST) is a specific receptor for IL-6 and expressed mainly in immune cells and hepatocytes. In this study, the complete cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) IL-6 and IL-6ST genes were identified and analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that IL-6 and IL-6ST were chiefly expressed in the immune organs. After challenge with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the expression levels of IL-6 were significantly up-regulated after 6 h and 24 h in the head kidney and spleen, respectively (p < 0.01), the peak value for both reached at 72 h, IL-6ST increased significantly after 120 h with a peak at 168 h in the head kidney (p < 0.01) and improved markedly at 168 h in the spleen (p < 0.01). Besides, IL-6 and IL-6ST have been identified 3 and 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that one SNP locus (1625C/T) in the coding region of IL-6 was significantly related to the resistance of mandarin fish against ISKNV. The 1625C→T locus in the coding region of IL-6 is a synonymous mutation; compared with the susceptible group, the frequency of allele T in the disease resistance group was significantly higher, which may be due to the rare codon produced by the mutation affecting translation. The involvement of IL-6 and IL-6ST in response to ISKNV infection in mandarin fish clearly indicate that the role of SNP markers in IL-6 was associated with the ISKNV resistance, which was demonstrated for the first time in our results. Thus, the current study may provide fundamental information for further breeding of mandarin fish with resistance to ISKNV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Jin
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Fisheries Research Institute, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - He-Zhong Huang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Fisheries Research Institute, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Fisheries Research Institute, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Fisheries Research Institute, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huang-Cui Fu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Fisheries Research Institute, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Fisheries Research Institute, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Fu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Ning-Qiu Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Provinces, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dai YW, Lu XJ, Jiang R, Lu JF, Yang GJ, Chen J. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α involved in macrophage regulation in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) under hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 254:110575. [PMID: 33609806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in immune and inflammatory responses and is important in controlling a variety of processes in monocytes and macrophages. However, the role of HIF-1α in the teleost immune system remains less known. In this study, we cloned the cDNA sequence of HIF-1α from the ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis, PaHIF-1α). Sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PaHIF-1α clustered within the fish HIF-1α tree and was closely related to that of Northern pike (Esox lucius). PaHIF-1α was expressed in all tested tissues and expression increased in liver, head kidney, and body kidney upon Vibrio anguillarum infection. PaHIF-1α was found to regulate the expression of cytokines in ayu monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ). PaHIF-1α mediated hypoxia-induced enhancement of MO/MФ phagocytic and bactericidal activities to enhance host defenses. Compared with the control, intermittent hypoxia further increased the expression of PaHIF-1α mRNA, improved the survival rate, and reduced the bacterial load of V. anguillarum-infected ayu. Therefore, PaHIF-1α may play a predominant role in the modulation of ayu MO/MФ function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China.
| | - Rui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng CH, Ma HL, Deng YQ, Feng J, Jie YK, Guo ZX. Immune and physiological responses of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) under air exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 233:108767. [PMID: 32304871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The immune and physiological responses of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) under air exposure were studied. The results showed that air exposure increased plasma activities of AST, ALT, ALP. There was a significant increase in glucose (GLU) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels after air exposure. The transcript levels of SOD, CAT, HSP90, HSP70, p53, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) were induced by air exposure. Furthermore, caspase-3 transcript significantly increased at 48 and 72 h, while it significantly decreased at 96 h and 120 h under air exposure. These results suggested that oxidative stress occurred in the prolonged period of air exposure. HIF-1 and p53 signaling pathways played an important role under air exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yi-Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Jie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qin XW, He J, Yu Y, Liu C, Luo ZY, Li ZM, Weng SP, Guo CJ, He JG. The roles of mandarin fish STING in innate immune defense against Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:80-89. [PMID: 32135344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi is a cultured freshwater fish species that is popular in China because of its high market value. With the development of high-density cultural mode in mandarin fish, viral diseases such as Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) are becoming increasingly serious. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a central component in the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA and RNA derived from different pathogens. However, the roles of STING in innate immune response of mandarin fish remain unknown. In the present study, S. chuatsi STING (scSTING)-mediated host immune response against ISKNV infection was investigated. ScSTING transcription level increased remarkably in response to ISKNV infection, LPS, PMA, or poly (I:C) stimulation in mandarin fish fry (MFF-1) cells. Immunofluorescence results showed that scSTING localized majorly in the endoplasmic reticulum. scSTING overexpression remarkably increased the expression levels of scIFN-h, scMx, scISG15, scPKR, scViperin, scIL-1β, scIL-18, and scTNF-α genes. IFN-β-luciferase report assay results showed that the relative expressions of luciferin were remarkably increased in MFF-1 cells. Site mutation of serine (S) on C-terminus of scSTING showed that both S388 and S396 were important for mediated signaling. Furthermore, scSTING overexpression inhibited ISKNV infection, and knockdown of scSTING promoted ISKNV infection, indicating that scSTING could suppress ISKNV infection in MFF-1 cells. These observations suggested that the scSTING played an important role in innate immune against ISKNV infection. Our work would help elucidate the roles of teleost fish STING in innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Chang-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang P, Wang J, Su Y, Liu Z, Mao Y. Air Exposure Affects Physiological Responses, Innate Immunity, Apoptosis and DNA Methylation of Kuruma Shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:223. [PMID: 32226395 PMCID: PMC7081841 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Air exposure stress is a common phenomenon for commercial crustacean species in aquaculture and during waterless transportation. However, the antioxidant responses to air exposure discussed in previous studies may be insufficient to present the complexities involved in this process. The comprehensive immune responses, especially considering the immune genes, cell apoptosis, and epigenetic changes, are still unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the multifaceted responses of Marsupenaeus japonicus to air exposure. The results showed that the expression profiles of the apoptosis genes (e.g., IAP, TXNIP, caspase, and caspase-3) and the hypoxia-related genes (e.g., hsp70, hif-1α, and HcY) were all dramatically induced in the hepatopancreas and gills of M. japonicus. Heart rates, T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) and lactate contents showed time-dependent changes upon air exposure. Air exposure significantly induced apoptosis in hepatopancreas and gills. Compared with the control group, the apoptosis index (AI) of the 12.5 h experimental group increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the hepatopancreas and gills. Most individuals in the experimental group (EG, 12.5 h) had lower methylation ratios than the control group (CG). Air exposure markedly reduced the full-methylation and total-methylation ratios (31.39% for the CG and 26.46% for the EG). This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the antioxidant responses of M. japonicus considering its physiology, innate immunity, apoptosis, and DNA methylation levels, and provided theoretical guidance for waterless transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin YF, He J, Zeng RY, Li ZM, Luo ZY, Pan WQ, Weng SP, Guo CJ, He JG. Deletion of the Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus ORF069L reduces virulence to mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:328-335. [PMID: 31655270 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a significant cultured species with high added value in China. With the expansion of farming, diseases of mandarin fish such as Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) diseases are becoming more and more serious. Human endogenous retrovirus subfamily H long terminal repeat associating protein 2 (HHLA2) is a type 1 transmembrane molecule with three extracellular Ig domains (IgV-IgC-IgV) and plays important roles in the T cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The HHLA2-homologues have not been found in virus. In this study, a viral HHLA2 protein encoded by ISKNV ORF069L was identified and the virulence of the deleted ORF069L reconstruction ISKNV strain (ΔORF069L) was investigated. ISKNV ORF069L gene was predicted to encode a 222-amino acids peptide. The bioinformation analysis revealed that ISKNV ORF069L contained an Ig HHLA2 domain and was homologous to vertebrate B7-CD28 family proteins. The recombinant virus strain of ΔORF069L was constructed by homologous recombination technology. The virus titer and growth curves between ISKNV wild type (WT) and ΔORF069L on cellular level showed no significant differences indicating that the ORF069L did not influence the ISKNV replication. The expression levels of immune-related genes (Mx1, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-a and IgM) were increased in fish infected with ΔORF069L, compared to those in fish infected with ISKNV WT. Furthermore, the lethality caused by ΔORF069L declined by 40% compared with ISKNV WT, indicating that ORF069L was a virulence gene of ISKNV. Most importantly, the protection rate was nearly 100% for fish immunized with ΔORF069L strain. Those results suggested that ΔORF069L could be developed as a potential attenuated vaccine against ISKNV. Our work will be beneficial to promote the development of gene deletion attenuated vaccines for ISKNV disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Ruo-Yun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Chang-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuan Dong Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| |
Collapse
|