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Yang G, Gu J, Wang H, Yang B, Feng S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chang X, Shao J, Meng X. Identification, Expression, Characteristic Analysis, and Immune Function of Two Akirin Genes in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2443. [PMID: 39199975 PMCID: PMC11350764 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive aquaculture of grass carp often leads to decreased immunity and increased disease prevalence, resulting in economic losses. Improving grass carp immunity is therefore a critical strategy for addressing these challenges. Akirin reportedly participates in myogenesis, growth, and immune responses. However, its role in grass carp remains unclear. Herein, we isolated akirins from the spleen of grass carp and analyzed their tissue-specific expression. Akirin expression was detected following treatment with poly (I:C), LPS, and Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The immunological function of the akirin protein was evaluated in head kidney leukocytes (HKLs). The results revealed that the coding sequence (CDS) of akirin1 is 570 bp, encoding 189 amino acids. There was one predicted nuclear localization signal (NLS) and two predicted α- helix domains. The CDS of akirin2 is 558 bp, encoding 185 amino acids. There were two predicted NLSs and two predicted α-helix domains. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that akirins are widely detected in grass carp tissues. akirin1 was highly detected in the brain, kidneys, heart, spleen, and gonads, while akirin2 was highly detected in the brain, liver, gonads, kidneys, spleen, and heart. The mRNA levels of akirins were promoted after treatment with poly (I:C), LPS, and A. hydrophila. Recombinant akirin proteins were produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli). il-1β, ifnγ, il-6, tnfα, il-4, iκbα, and nfκb were markedly increased in grass carp HKLs by treatment with the akirin protein. These results suggest that akirins play a role in the immunological regulation of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianing Gu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Boya Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Shikun Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xindang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianchun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (G.Y.); (J.G.); (H.W.); (B.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.C.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Hu X, Zhang K, Pan G, Hao X, Li C, Li C, Gul I, Kausar S, Abbas MN, Zhu Y, Cui H. The identification of nuclear factor Akirin with immune defense role in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:32-42. [PMID: 34352318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Akirins, highly conserved nuclear factors, regulate diverse physiological processes such as innate immunity. The biological functions of Akirins have extensively been studied in vertebrates and many invertebrates; however, there is no report so far on lepidopteran insects. In the present study, we identified and characterized a novel Akirin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori (designated as BmAkirin), and explored its potential roles in innate immunity. The expression analysis revealed the unequal mRNA levels of BmAkirin in all the tested tissues; however, the gene's transcription level was highest in testis, followed by ovaries and hemocytes. It also had significant expression levels at the early stages of embryonic development. Expression of BmAkirin in fat bodies and hemocytes exhibited an increase in various degrees when challenged with virus, fungus, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria. Immunofluorescence analysis showed BmAkirin protein was prominently localized in the nucleus. Knockdown of BmAkirin strongly reduced the expression of AMPs and decreased the survival ability of larva upon immune stimulation. Moreover, the bacterial clearance ability of larvae was also decreased following the depletion of BmAkirin. Collectively, our results demonstrate that BmAkirin plays an indispensable role in the innate immunity of Bombyx mori (B. mori) by positively modulating AMPs expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiangwei Hao
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, No. 64, Jintang Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Changhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Isma Gul
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Xiong H, Jiang Y, Ji T, Zhang Y, Wei W, Yang H. The identification of a nuclear factor Akirin with regulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:707-717. [PMID: 33930448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Akirin is a highly conserved nuclear factor among different species. It is closely related to skeletal muscle development, innate immune response, and tumorigenesis in a variety of animals. In invertebrates, Akirin is mainly involved in gene transcription and NF-κB dependent natural immune response. In the present study, a nuclear factor Akirin was identified from Procambarus clarkii. The Akirin protein of crayfish consists of 204 amino acids and is conserved among its family members, especially the nuclear localization signal peptide motif (KRRR). PcAkirin was highly expressed in stomach, intestines, and hepatopancreas. After A. hydrophila challenge, the transcription level of Akirin significantly increased in hemocyte and hepatopancreas. In addition, the recombinant Akirin protein was produced successfully and helpful to resist WSSV infection by increasing the expression level of some immune related genes. On the contrary, after interfering with Akirin gene by dsRNA, the crayfish increased the sensitivity to A. hydrophila and WSSV infections. The results are more obvious in the accumulated mortality of P. clarkii infected with A. hydrophila and WSSV. All these results suggested that Akirin played a significant role in innate immune responses and protected it from WSSV and bacterial infection in crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yinan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tongwei Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Zhao C, Peng C, Wang P, Fan S, Yan L, Qiu L. Identification of co-chaperone Cdc37 in Penaeus monodon: coordination with Hsp90 can reduce cadmium stress-induced lipid peroxidation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111800. [PMID: 33340955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37) is an important cytoplasmic phosphoprotein, which usually functions as a complex with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), to effectively reduce the damage caused by heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), in aquatic animals. The high toxicity of Cd in aquatic systems generally has a deleterious effect on healthy farming of shrimps. In the present study, a novel Cdc37 gene from Penaeus monodon was identified and designated as PmCdc37. Following exposure to Cd stress, the expression levels of PmCdc37 were upregulated at the transcriptional level in both the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. RNA interference and recombinant protein injection experiments were carried out to determine the function of PmCdc37 in P. monodon following Cd exposure. To clarify the correlations between PmCdc37 and PmHsp90, the respective recombinant proteins were expressed in vitro, and the ATPase activity of PmHsp90, with or without PmCdc37, was assessed. Moreover, a pull-down assay was conducted to detect the correlation between PmCdc37 and PmHsp90. After analyzing the expression patterns of PmHsp90 following Cd challenge, whether PmHsp90 can promote the ability of PmCdc37 to resist Cd stress or not was investigated. The results showed that formation of a PmHsp90/PmCdc37 complex protected shrimp against Cd stress-induced damage. Moreover, we also confirmed that PmSOD is involved in Cd stress, and that the PmHsp90/PmCdc37 complex can regulate SOD enzymatic activity. PmSOD was involved in decreasing the MDA content in shrimp hemolymph caused by Cd stress. We concluded that during exposure to Cd, the PmHsp90/PmCdc37 complex increases SOD enzyme activity, and in turn decreases the MDA content, thereby protecting shrimp against the damage caused by Cd stress. The present studies contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to Cd stress in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sigang Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, China.
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