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Saglam-Metiner P, Duran E, Sabour-Takanlou L, Biray-Avci C, Yesil-Celiktas O. Differentiation of Neurons, Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes and Microglia From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Form Neural Tissue-On-Chip: A Neuroinflammation Model to Evaluate the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:413-436. [PMID: 37938408 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell (SC) technology allow the generation of cellular models that recapitulate the histological, molecular and physiological properties of humanized in vitro three dimensional (3D) models, as well as production of cell-derived therapeutics such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Improvements in organ-on-chip platforms and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived neural/glial cells provide unprecedented systems for studying 3D personalized neural tissue modeling with easy setup and fast output. Here, we highlight the key points in differentiation procedures for neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia from single origin hiPSCs. Additionally, we present a well-defined humanized neural tissue-on-chip model composed of differentiated cells with the same genetic backgrounds, as well as the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles to propose a novel treatment for neuroinflammation derived diseases. Around 100 nm CD9 + EVs promote a more anti-inflammatory and pro-remodeling of cell-cell interaction cytokine responses on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced neuroinflammation in neural tissue-on-chip model which is ideal for modeling authentic neural-glial patho-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Saglam-Metiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elif Duran
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Cigir Biray-Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Li S, Xiao H, Sun X, Chen Z, Lin Z, Li C, Zeng J, Xu Z, Cheng Y, Huang H. Connexin32 Promotes the Activation of Foxo3a to Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Inhibiting the Polyubiquitination and Degradation of Sirt1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:241-261. [PMID: 36601735 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Renal oxidative stress (OSS) is the leading cause of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The silent information regulator 1/forkhead boxo3a (Sirt1/Foxo3a) pathway plays an essential role in regulating the antioxidant enzyme system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of connexin32 (Cx32) on the antioxidant enzyme system in DN. Results: In this study, Cx32 overexpression significantly reduced reactive oxygen species generation and effectively inhibited the excessive production of extracellular matrix such as fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in high-glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells. In addition, Cx32 overexpression reversed the downregulation of Sirt1, and promoted the nuclear transcription of Foxo3a, subsequently activating the antioxidant enzymes including catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), however, Cx32 knockdown showed the opposite effects. A further mechanism study showed that Cx32 promoted the autoubiquitination and degradation of Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor-1 (Smurf1), thereby reducing the ubiquitination of Sirt1 at Lys335 and the degradation of Sirt1. Moreover, the in vivo results showed that adenovirus-mediated Cx32 overexpression activated the Sirt1/Foxo3a pathway, and inhibited OSS in the kidney tissues, eventually improving the renal function and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic mice. Innovation: This study highlighted the antioxidant role of Cx32-Sirt1-Foxo3a axis to alleviate DN, which is a new mechanism of Cx32 alleviating DN. Conclusion: Cx32 alleviated DN via activating the Sirt1/Foxo3a antioxidant pathway. The specific mechanism was that Cx32 upregulated the Sirt1 expression through reducing the ubiquitination of Lys335 of Sirt1 by inhibiting Smurf1. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 241-261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zeyuan Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanchi Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun Z, Xu C, Chen Y, Liu D, Wu P, Gao Q. Characterization of Pannexin1, Connexin32, and Connexin43 in Spotted Sea Bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus): They Are Important Neuro-Related Immune Response Genes Involved in Inflammation-Induced ATP Release. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870679. [PMID: 35514966 PMCID: PMC9062032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many immunological diseases can be treated by regulating neurobehavior, in which extracellular ATP is a vital member of endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern signaling molecule that plays a crucial part in innate neuro-related immunity. It is actively released through pannexin (Panx) and connexin (Cx) hemichannels from activated or stressed cells during inflammation, injury, or apoptosis. In addition to participating in ATP release, Panxs and Cxs also have crucial immune functions. In this study, pannexin1, three connexin32 isoforms and connexin43 were identified and characterized in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), which were named LmPanx1, LmCx32.2, LmCx32.3, LmCx32.7, and LmCx43. Their similar topological structures were discovered by sequence analysis: a relatively unconserved C-terminal region and four highly conserved transmembrane (TM) domains, and so on. Each extracellular (ECL) region of Panx1 has two conserved cysteine residues. Unlike Panx1, each ECL region of Cx32 and Cx43 contains three conserved cysteine residues, forming two conserved motifs: CX6CX3C motif in ECL1 and CX4CX5C motif in ECL2. Furthermore, Panx1 and Cx43 share similar genomic organization and synteny with their counterparts in selected vertebrates. Cx32 and CX43 were located in the same locus in fish, but diverged into two loci from amphibian. Moreover, despite varying expression levels, the identified genes were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues. All genes were upregulated by PAMP [lipopolysaccharide and poly(I:C)] stimulation or bacterial infection in vivo and in vitro, but they were downregulated in the brain at 6 or 12 h after stimulation. Especially, the three LmCx32 isoforms and LmCx43 were upregulated by ATP stimulation in primary head kidney leukocytes; however, downregulation of LmCx32.3 and LmCx43 expression were noted at 12 h. Conversely, ATP treatment inhibited the expression of LmPanx1. Importantly, we showed that the spotted sea bass Panx1, Cx43, and Cx32 were localized on the cellular membrane and involved in inflammation-induced ATP release. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Panx1, Cx32, and Cx43 are important neuro-related immune response genes involved in inflammation-induced ATP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Cai X, Gao C, Cao M, Su B, Liu X, Wang B, Li C. Genome-wide characterization of gap junction (connexins and pannexins) genes in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): evolution and immune response following Vibrio anguillarum infection. Gene 2022; 809:146032. [PMID: 34673208 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gap junction (GJ), a special intercellular junction between different cell types, directly connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to pass through the intercellular regulatory gate, and plays vital roles in response to bacterial infection. Up to date, the information about the GJ in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is still limited. In current study, 43 gap junction genes were identified in turbot, phylogeny analysis suggested that gap junctions from turbot and other species were clustered into six groups, GJA, GJB, GJC, GJD, GJE and PANX, and turbot GJs together with respective GJs from Japanese flounder, half-smooth tongue sole and large yellow croaker, sharing same ancestors. In addition, these 43 GJ genes distributed in different chromosomes unevenly. According to gene structure and domain analysis, these genes (in GJA-GJE group) were highly conserved in that most of them contain the transmembrane area, connexin domain (CNX) and cysteine-rich domain (connexin CCC), while PANXs contain Pfam Innexin. Although only one tandem duplication was identified in turbot gap junction gene, 235 pairs of segmental duplications were identified in the turbot genome. To further investigate their evolutionary relationships, Ka/Ks was calculated, and results showed that most ratios were lower than 1, indicating they had undergone negative selection. Finally, expression analysis showed that gap junction genes were widely distributed in turbot tissues and significantly regulated after Vibrio anguillarum infection. Taken together, our research could provide valuable information for further exploration of the function of gap junction genes in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Li S, Feng Y, Zhang T, Wang S, Sun J. Identification and characterization of Trpm4 gene involved in regulating Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1765-1776. [PMID: 34252211 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a widely expressed Ca2+ -impermeable cation channel involved in modulating inflammatory and immune responses in mammals. However, the role of TRPM4 channel in fish immunity remains unclear. In this report, from a comparative immunological point of view, we identified and characterized a Trpm4 gene from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and analysed its potential role in regulating the fish inflammatory response. The Japanese flounder Trpm4 gene is expressed in a wide range of tissues and encodes a 1264-amino acid protein which expresses on the cell surface and shares several conserved domains with its mammalian counterparts. In vitro inflammatory challenge and in vivo bacterial infection experiments revealed that Japanese flounder Trpm4 expression was significantly modulated following different immune challenges, indicating the implication of Trpm4 in the fish immune response. Overexpression of TRPM4 significantly attenuated LPS- and poly(I:C)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in Japanese flounder FG-9307 cells. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of the endogenous TRPM4 channel activity in Japanese flounder head kidney macrophages resulted in increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression following LPS and poly(I:C) stimulations. Taken together, these findings indicate that TRPM4 channels may play a conserved role in regulating inflammatory response(s) in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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Wang Z, Kong F, Fu L, Li Y, Li M, Yu Z. Responses of Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) to low concentration cadmium stress: Whether the depuration phase restores physiological characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117182. [PMID: 33901982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low concentration Cd stress on bivalves is unclear. In this study, Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) were continuously exposed to 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/L Cd for 14 d (exposure phase) and to artificial freshwater for 7 d (depuration phase). A total of 16 variables were measured to explore the toxic effects on C. fluminea. All physiological characteristics were significantly inhibited in the treatments (p < 0.05), and the negative effects of Cd did not return to normal levels in the short term. Tissue damage was found in the feet and gills of C. fluminea in all the treatments. On the 7th day (D7), enzyme activity in all the treatments was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. Acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were enhanced on D14 in all the treatments. However, only glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly higher in all the treatments (p < 0.05) than in the control group on D21. The instability of the enzymes indicated that the adaptability of C. fluminea became stronger throughout the experiment. In each group, the maximum bioaccumulation of Cd followed the order: 0.20 mg/L > 0.05 mg/L > 0.10 mg/L, which might be caused by the filtration capacity of C. fluminea in the 0.05-mg/L group, which was higher than that of the 0.10-mg/L group. Thus, low Cd concentrations effect the physiological characteristics, tissue health, and antioxidant system of C. fluminea and may require a long recovery time to be restored to normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingtao Fu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhengda Yu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Xue T, Liu Y, Cao M, Tian M, Zhang L, Wang B, Liu X, Li C. Revealing New Landscape of Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) Spleen Infected with Aeromonas salmonicida through Immune Related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Axis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070626. [PMID: 34356481 PMCID: PMC8301059 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the expression of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNA in the immune organs spleen of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) infected with Aeromonas salmonicida was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, so as to explore the function of non-coding RNA in the immune system of teleost. A total of 119, 140, and 510 differential expressed circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were identified in the infected groups compared with the uninfected group. The qRT-PCR verified the reliability and accuracy of the Illumina sequencing data. Fifteen triple networks of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA were presented in the form of “up (circRNA)-down (miRNA)-up (mRNA)” or “down-up-down”. Immune-related genes were also found in these networks. These results indicate that circRNAs and miRNAs may regulate the expression of immune-related genes through the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and thus participate in the immune response of turbot spleen after pathogen infection. Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) play an important role in a variety of biological life processes by regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) has been threatened by various pathogens. In this study, the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNA in the immune organs spleen of turbot infected with Aeromonas salmonicida was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, so as to explore the function of non-coding RNA in the immune system of teleost. Illumina sequencing was performed on the uninfected group and infected group. A total of 119 differential expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs), 140 DE-miRNAs, and 510 DE-mRNAs were identified in the four infected groups compared with the uninfected group. Most DE-mRNAs and the target genes of DE-ncRNAs were involved in immune-related pathways. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results verified the reliability and accuracy of the high-throughput sequencing data. Ninety-six differentially expressed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were finally constructed. Among them, 15 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA were presented in the form of “up (circRNA)-down (miRNA)-up (mRNA)” or “down-up-down”. Immune-related genes gap junction CX32.2, cell adhesion molecule 3, and CC chemokine were also found in these networks. These results indicate that ncRNA may regulate the expression of immune-related genes through the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and thus participate in the immune response of turbot spleen after pathogen infection.
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