Dietary supplementation of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1UB and fructooligosaccharide enhance growth performance and protect the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against WSSV and Vibrio harveyi coinfection

A comprehensive review on the utilization of probiotics in aquaculture towards sustainable shrimp farming

Probiotics in shrimp aquaculture have gained considerable attention as a potential solution to enhance production efficiency, disease management, and overall sustainability. Probiotics, beneficial microorganisms, have shown promising effects when administered to shrimp as dietary supplements or water additives. Their inclusion has been linked to improved gut health, nutrient absorption, and disease resistance in shrimp. Probiotics also play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced microbial community within the shrimp pond environment, enhancing water quality and reducing pathogen prevalence. This article briefly summarizes the many ways that probiotics are used in shrimp farming and the advantages that come with them. Despite the promising results, challenges such as strain selection, dosage optimization, and environmental conditions are carefully addressed for successful probiotic integration in shrimp aquaculture. The potential of probiotics as a sustainable and ecologically friendly method of promoting shrimp development and health while advancing environmentally friendly shrimp farming techniques is highlighted in this analysis. Further research is required to fully exploit probiotics' benefits and develop practical guidelines for their effective implementation in shrimp aquaculture.

Exploring the role and mechanism of potential probiotics in mitigating the shrimp pathogens

Shrimp aquaculture has rapidly developed into a significant industry worldwide, providing not only financial gain and high-quality food but also tens of thousands of trained and competent workers. Frequent diseases are now regarded as a significant risk factor for shrimp aquaculture, as they have the potential to significantly reduce shrimp production and result in economic losses. Over the years various traditional methods including the use of antibiotics have been followed to control diseases yet unsuccessful. Probiotic is considered potential supplements for shrimps during farming, they may also act beneficially as disease control and increased production. Probiotics are described as a live microbial supplement that benefits the host by modifying the microbial population associated with the host and its ambient. The present state of research about probiotics demonstrates notable impacts on the immune defences of the host's gastrointestinal system, which play a crucial role in safeguarding against diseases and managing inflammation inside the digestive tract. In the past ten years, many studies on probiotics have been published. However, there is a lack of information about the processes by which probiotics exert their effects in aquaculture systems, with only limited elucidations being offered. This study explores the variety of procedures behind the positive effects of probiotics in shrimp culture. These mechanisms include the augmentation of the immune system, control of growth, antagonistic action against pathogens, competitive exclusion, and modification of the gut microbiota. Mechanisms involved in the probiotic mode of action are mostly interlinked. This provides a greater understanding of the importance of probiotics in shrimp culture as an environmentally friendly practice.

Functionality of probiotics on the resistance capacity of shrimp against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Shrimp aquaculture is currently regarded as a significant commercial and food production sector due to its growing importance as a source of human-consumable protein, As shrimp farming has become more intensive, disease outbreaks have become more common, necessitating the overuse of antimicrobial drugs, which has had a number of unintended consequences. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is now recognized as one of the world's most pervasive and potentially fatal diseases affecting shrimp. However, there is currently no cure to prevent the disease's uncontrolled incidence and spread. Probiotics are currently favoured over these antimicrobial substances because of their ability to stimulate disease resilience in shrimp farms by strengthening the immune systems naturally. Probiotics for bacterial infections such as vibriosis are well documented, whereas research is still required to identify the legitimate strains for viral diseases. The utilization of these probiotics as a therapy for and preventative measure against WSSV in shrimp farming is a cutting-edge method that has proven to be effective. Some probiotic strains, such as Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus pentosaceus, have been displayed to enhance the innate immunity of shrimp against WSSV, reduce viral load, increase digestibility and growth, and support the gut microbiome of the host in multiple investigations. The present review explores recent developments regarding the function of probiotics in shrimp, with a focus on their anti-WSSV activity.

Recent progress in the use of purple non-sulfur bacteria as probiotics in aquaculture

The use of probiotics in aquaculture is widely recognized as an ecological and cost-effective approach to raising healthy, pathogen-tolerant aquatic animals, including fish and shrimp. In particular for shrimp, probiotics are viewed as a promising countermeasure to the recent severe damage to the shrimp industry by bacterial and viral pathogens. Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are Gram-negative, non-pathogenic bacteria with wide application potential in agriculture, wastewater treatment, and bioenergy/biomaterials production. In aquaculture, lactic bacteria and Bacillus are the major probiotic bacteria used, but PNSB, like Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodobacter, are also used. In this review, we summarize the previous work on the use of PNSB in aquaculture, overview the previous studies on the stimulation of innate immunity of shrimp by various probiotic microorganisms, and also share our results in the probiotic performance of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum KKMI01, a marine PNSB, which showed a superior effect in promotion of growth and stimulation of immunity in shrimp at a quite low concentration of 1 × 10³ cfu (colony forming unit)/ml in rearing water.