1
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Haarkötter C, Saiz M, Gálvez X, Vinueza-Espinosa DC, Medina-Lozano MI, Álvarez JC, Lorente JA. Evaluation of the usefulness of insertion-null markers in critical skeletal remains. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1287-1293. [PMID: 38509248 PMCID: PMC11164766 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Forensic DNA analysis in compromised skeletal remains may pose challenges due to DNA degradation, often resulting in partial or negative autosomal STRs profiles. To address this issue, alternative approaches such as mitochondrial DNA or SNPs typing may be employed; however, they are labour-intensive and costly. Insertion-null alleles (INNULs), short interspersed nuclear elements, have been suggested as a valuable tool for human identification in challenging samples due to their small amplicon size. A commercial kit including 20 INNULs markers along with amelogenin (InnoTyper® 21) has been developed. This study assesses its utility using degraded skeletal remains, comparing the results obtained (the number of detected alleles, RFU values, PHR, and the number of reportable markers) to those obtained using GlobalFiler™. Subsequently, the random match probability of the two profiles for each sample was determined using Familias version 3 to evaluate the power of discrimination of the results obtained from each kit. In every sample, InnoTyper® 21 yielded more alleles, higher RFU values, and a greater number of reportable loci. However, in most cases, both profiles were similarly informative. In conclusion, InnoTyper® 21 serves as a valuable complement to the analysis of challenging samples in cases where a poor or negative profile was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Haarkötter
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification & Human Rights (LABIGEN-UGR), Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación 11 - PTS - 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Saiz
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification & Human Rights (LABIGEN-UGR), Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación 11 - PTS - 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Xiomara Gálvez
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification & Human Rights (LABIGEN-UGR), Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación 11 - PTS - 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Diana C Vinueza-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification & Human Rights (LABIGEN-UGR), Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación 11 - PTS - 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Isabel Medina-Lozano
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification & Human Rights (LABIGEN-UGR), Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación 11 - PTS - 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Álvarez
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification & Human Rights (LABIGEN-UGR), Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación 11 - PTS - 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification & Human Rights (LABIGEN-UGR), Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación 11 - PTS - 18016, Granada, Spain
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2
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Liu Z, Simayijiang H, Wang Q, Yang J, Sun H, Wu R, Yan J. DNA and protein analyses of hair in forensic genetics. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:613-633. [PMID: 36732435 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hair is one of the most common pieces of biological evidence found at a crime scene and plays an essential role in forensic investigation. Hairs, especially non-follicular hairs, are usually found at various crime scenes, either by natural shedding or by forcible shedding. However, the genetic material in hairs is usually highly degraded, which makes forensic analysis difficult. As a result, the value of hair has not been fully exploited in forensic investigations and trials. In recent years, with advances in molecular biology, forensic analysis of hair has achieved remarkable strides and provided crucial clues in numerous cases. This article reviews recent developments in DNA and protein analysis of hair and attempts to provide a comprehensive solution to improve forensic hair analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Halimureti Simayijiang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Riga Wu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Firsov SY, Kosherova KA, Mukha DV. Identification and functional characterization of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, short interspersed nuclear elements. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266699. [PMID: 35696390 PMCID: PMC9191728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, experimental data has accumulated indicating that short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) can play a significant functional role in the regulation of gene expression in the host genome. In addition, molecular markers based on SINE insertion polymorphisms have been developed and are widely used for genetic differentiation of populations of eukaryotic organisms. Using routine bioinformatics analysis and publicly available genomic DNA and small RNA-seq data, we first described nine SINEs in the genome of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. All described SINEs have tRNA promoters, and the start of their transcription begins 11 bp upstream of an “A” box of these promoters. The number of copies of the described SINEs in the B. germanica genome ranges from several copies to more than a thousand copies in a SINE-specific manner. Some of the described SINEs and their degenerate copies can be localized both in the introns of genes and loci known as piRNA clusters. piRNAs originating from piRNA clusters are shown to be mapped to seven of the nine types of SINEs described, including copies of SINEs localized in gene introns. We speculate that SINEs, localized in the introns of certain genes, may regulate the level of expression of these genes by a PIWI-related molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Yu. Firsov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina A. Kosherova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Mukha
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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4
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Zhao X, Fan Y, Zeye MMJ, He W, Wen D, Wang C, Li J, Hua Z. A novel set of short microhaplotypes based on non-binary SNPs for forensic challenging samples. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:43-53. [PMID: 34654943 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are the most widely used genetic markers in forensic application, but they are not ideal genetic markers for the analysis of forensic challenging samples such as highly degraded or unbalanced mixed samples because of their relatively large amplicons and stutter peaks. In this study, we developed a set of short microhaplotypes based on non-binary SNPs with molecular extent sizes no longer than 60 bases and genotyped 100 unrelated individuals from northern Han groups. Our results showed this panel has similar discrimination power to STR kits, as the combined random match probability (CMP) reached 1.396 × 10-22 and mean effective number of alleles (Ae) was 3.59. The cumulative probability of exclusion for duos (CPE-duos) was 0.999919 and the cumulative probability of exclusion for trios (CPE-trios) was 0.9999999987, suggesting this panel could be applied for forensic personal identification and parentage testing independently. Population differentiation in 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project indicated this panel could distinguish populations from Africa, East Asia, South Asia, America, and Europe. These microhaplotypes based on non-binary SNPs have short amplicons, good discrimination power, no stutter artifacts, and have great potential in detection of highly degraded and unbalanced mixtures for personal identification, paternity testing, and ancestry inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Zhao
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yang Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Moutanou Modeste Judes Zeye
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chudong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jienan Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No172. Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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5
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Gutierrez R, LaRue B, Houston R. Novel extraction chemistry and alternative amplification strategies for use with rootless hair shafts. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1929-1936. [PMID: 34057738 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rootless hair shafts are often considered unsuitable for STR genotyping due to the known high failure rate. The same samples can be reliably processed with mitochondrial sequencing. However, the minimal discriminatory power of widely implemented control region mitochondrial sequencing techniques limits its utility in some forensic casework. In this research, multiple variables were tested to provide information on rootless hair shaft sample genotyping success. Results showed external decontamination procedures decreased drop-in alleles but also greatly reduced profile recovery. The novel InnoXtract™ chemistry was comparable to automated EZ1 DNA Investigator extraction. With thoroughly decontaminated hairs, InnoTyper® 21 amplification generated random match probabilities higher than STR chemistry in 71.875% of samples and 18.75% of samples benefitted from the use of InnoTyper® 21 amplification compared with estimated mtDNA profile rarity. Compared with the capillary electrophoresis-based amplification chemistries tested, the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep chemistry paired with massively parallel sequencing was the most discriminatory amplification strategy tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gutierrez
- Department of Forensic Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Rachel Houston
- Department of Forensic Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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Kim J, Kim H, Nam YH, Lee JH, Kim HS, Kim E. Efficacy of reduced-size short tandem repeat PCR analysis for degraded DNA samples. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:749-758. [PMID: 33871809 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short tandem repeats (STR) typing is an essential analysis method for human identification in forensic field. When DNAs obtained from the field as evidences are severely degraded or in too small amounts, STR analysis often shows allele drop-out. OBJECTIVE To improve STR analysis for degraded DNA or trace DNA, reduced-size STR (rSTR) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was devised by selecting relatively large-size STR loci. METHODS The rSTR PCR system consisted of 8 loci (amelogenin, SE33, CSF1PO, D7S820, D13S317, D2S1338, TPOX, and FGA). The size of PCR product was reduced by designing new primers in the flanking region. The efficiency of this system was verified against existing kits through concordance study, sensitivity study, efficiency study, and casework sample study. RESULTS The size of PCR product in the rSTR PCR system was reduced to be less than 322 bp. The amplicon of each locus was reduced by about 100 bp on average. Results of this rSTR PCR system were confirmed using 146 Korean samples and other commercial kits. The rSTR PCR system was capable of analyzing DNA samples with a minimum amount of DNA of 16 pg and a degradation index of 4.215. CONCLUSION The rSTR PCR system was more effective than other PCR kits for obtaining genetic profiles from a small amount of DNA or degraded DNA. The combination of this new system and other commercial kits is more effective than existing systems. This combination is expected to be helpful for the identification of unidentified bodies and skeletal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyong Kim
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Hyojeong Kim
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Youn-Hyoung Nam
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Lee
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Hyo Sook Kim
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Eungsoo Kim
- DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service Seoul Institute, Seoul, 08036, Korea.
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7
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Li J, Lin L, Jiang B, Wang C, Zeye MMJ, Wen D, He W, Qu W, Liu Y, Zha L. An 18 Multi-InDels panel for analysis of highly degraded forensic biological samples. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1143-1152. [PMID: 33382915 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
DNA genotyping from trace and highly degraded biological samples is one of the most significant challenges of forensic DNA identification. There is a lack of simple and effective methods for genotyping highly degraded samples. In this study, a multiple loci insertion/deletion polymorphisms (Multi-InDels) panel was designed for detecting 18 autosomal Multi-InDels through capillary electrophoresis (CE) with amplicon sizes no longer than 125 bp. Studies of sensitivity, degradation, and species specificity were performed and a population study was carried out using 192 samples from Han populations in Hunan province in the south of China. The combined random match probability (CMP) of these 18 Multi-InDels was 3.23 × 10-12 and the cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) was 0.9989, suggesting this panel could be used independently for human identification and could provide efficient supporting information for parentage testing. Complete profiles were obtained from as low as 62.5 pg of total input DNA after increasing the number of PCR cycles. Moreover, all alleles were detected from artificially highly degraded DNA after 80 min of boiling water bath treatment. This 18 Multi-InDels panel is simple, fast, and effective for the forensic analysis of highly degraded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Jiang
- The first Research Institute of the Ministry of public security P.R.C., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chudong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Moutanou Modeste Judes Zeye
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Qu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Lagabaiyila Zha
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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8
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Xu J, Sun L, Wang X, Wang X, Xing W, Zhou P, Li S. Population data for 20 insertion-null allele markers in the Li ethnic minority from Hainan Province. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:2075-2077. [PMID: 32935145 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insertion/null polymorphisms (INNULs) can be used as an alternative marker of STRs to detect the highly degraded samples in forensic cases. In this study, we evaluated the genetic data of 20 INNUL markers in the Innotyper® 21 Human DNA Analysis Kit (InnoGenomics) for Hainan Li population, including allele frequencies and forensic parameters. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium was found in all loci after Bonferroni correction. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) was 0.99999891, the combined power of exclusion for duo paternity testing (CPEduo) was 0.75274389, and the combined power of exclusion for trio paternity testing (CPEtrio) was 0.94766143. These data would be useful for the application of the kit in practice and the research of the kit used in molecular anthropology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Criminal Technology Detachment of Haikou Public Security Bureau, Haikou, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Criminal Technology Detachment of Haikou Public Security Bureau, Haikou, China
| | - Xiehong Wang
- Criminal Technology Detachment of Haikou Public Security Bureau, Haikou, China
| | - Weisheng Xing
- Criminal Technology Detachment of Haikou Public Security Bureau, Haikou, China
| | - Pingmei Zhou
- Criminal Technology Detachment of Haikou Public Security Bureau, Haikou, China
| | - Shujin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China.
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9
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Kim GH, Kwon SY, Lee SY, Seong KM, Kim J, Lim SK. Evaluation of the InnoTyper21® system for the applications into trace and degraded DNA in the Korean population. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:2053-2059. [PMID: 32929592 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The InnoTyper 21® Human Identification kit consists of amelogenin and 20 bi-allelic Alus, retrotransposon markers existing abundantly in human genome. The InnoTyper 21® kit produces shorter amplicons (60-125 bp) than conventional short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping kit, then it is effective on the analysis of challengeable forensic samples including insufficient or highly degraded DNAs. Also, as the genotyping with InnoTyper21® kit is compatible with PCR and capillary electrophoresis, it is easy to incorporate into the workflow in forensic laboratories. In the internal validation of InnoTyper21® kit on sensitivity, degradation, and mixture studies for the evaluation in this study, we acquired full profiles on analyzing small concentration DNA (as low as 25 pg) and highly degraded DNA (up to 105 degradation index value). Through the Korean population study, forensic statistical parameters were investigated and a specific variant of T insertion in NBC51 was confirmed in six samples. Comparison of Korean population with five populations or 1000 Genomes Project data show Korean specific substructure. It is expected that the InnoTyper 21® kit will be used into the actual forensic cases, utilizing the population study investigated through this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Hyeon Kim
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeun Kwon
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Dae-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Min Seong
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Keun Lim
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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10
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González-Herrera LJ, García-Aceves ME, Domínguez-Cruz MD, López-González PN, Sosa-Escalante JE, Rangel-Villalobos H. A four-step mutation at D22S1045 in one complex paternity case when the brother of the alleged father hypothesis is evaluated. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1647-1652. [PMID: 32417977 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report one complex paternity case presenting a presumable paternal four-step STR mutation between the alleged father (AF) and child; the complexity of the case required the AF-brother hypothesis to be discarded without including this DNA sample. A total of 23 autosomal STR loci included in the Powerplex Fusion® and Globalfiler™ kits confirmed one isolated mismatch for D22S1045 between the AF (17/17) and the male child (13/15) in the presence of the mother (15/15). In this case, the STR structure and father's age do not seem to have contributed to promote the observed multistep mutation. The Paternity Index (PI) based on 23 autosomal STRs did not favor the AF paternity over the AF-brother hypothesis based on a flat prior (PI = 0.1217; W = 10.85%). For that reason, we included 38 autosomal human identification (HID) insertions-deletions (indels) and 20 retrotransposon insertion polymorphisms (RIPs) contained in the InnoTyper® 21 kit. Although these biallelic markers favored the AF paternity rather than the AF-brother hypothesis (LR = 110.3; W = 99.1%), the global PI based on 81 autosomal markers supported moderately the AF paternity hypothesis (LR = 13.4; W = 93.1%). The application of different mutation models showed a consistent support to the AF paternity hypothesis (PI = 93.1-99.95%), which could be useful for interpretation in these multistep STR mutation cases. In brief, we showed the impact of a four-step mutation at D22S1045 to obtain definitive paternity conclusions, particularly under a complex scenario when the AF-brother hypothesis is assessed. Forensic genomics arises as the next option for similar complex paternity cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayra E García-Aceves
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), Av. Universidad #1115, Col. Paso Blanco, CP 47810, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Martin D Domínguez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genética del Instituto Jalisciense de Ciencias Forenses (IJCF), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Héctor Rangel-Villalobos
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), Av. Universidad #1115, Col. Paso Blanco, CP 47810, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico.
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11
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Oldoni F, Podini D. Forensic molecular biomarkers for mixture analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 41:107-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Population genetic data of 20 insertion-null allele markers in the Andalusian population. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1397-1400. [PMID: 31111220 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic data from 21 autosomal insertion-null (INNULs) markers found in the InnoTyper® 21 Human DNA Analysis (InnoGenomics®) was evaluated in 190 unrelated individuals from Andalusia. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were estimated for the 20 INNULs. All loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the study population after Bonferroni correction and showed no signs of linkage between them. The combined power of discrimination and the power of exclusion for the 20 INNULs were 1-7.42352 × 10-9 and 93.60946%, respectively. These data might be useful for the research of population genetics and for individual identification and paternity testing in forensic science.
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13
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Martins C, Ferreira PM, Carvalho R, Costa SC, Farinha C, Azevedo L, Amorim A, Oliveira M. Evaluation of InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21 kits in the DNA analysis of rootless hair samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 39:61-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Bennett L, Oldoni F, Long K, Cisana S, Madella K, Wootton S, Chang J, Hasegawa R, Lagacé R, Kidd KK, Podini D. Mixture deconvolution by massively parallel sequencing of microhaplotypes. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:719-729. [PMID: 30758713 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRs) are the standard markers for forensic human identification. STRs are highly polymorphic loci analyzed using a direct PCR-to-CE (capillary electrophoresis) approach. However, STRs have limitations particularly when dealing with complex mixtures. These include slippage of the polymerase during amplification causing stutter fragments that can be indistinguishable from minor contributor alleles, preferential amplification of shorter alleles, and limited number of loci that can be effectively co-amplified with CE. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS), by enabling a higher level of multiplexing and actual sequencing of the DNA, provides forensic practitioners an increased power of discrimination offered by the sequence of STR alleles and access to new sequence-based markers. Microhaplotypes (i.e., microhaps or MHs) are emerging multi-allelic loci of two or more SNPs within < 300 bp that are highly polymorphic, have alleles all of the same length, and do not generate stutter fragments. The growing number of loci described in the literature along with initial mixture investigations supports the potential for microhaps to aid in mixture interpretation and the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that practically. A panel of 36 microhaplotypes, selected from a set of over 130 loci, was tested with the Ion S5™ MPS platform (Thermo Fisher Scientific) on single-source samples, synthetic two-to-six person mixtures at different concentrations/contributor ratios, and on crime scene-like samples. The panel was tested both in multiplex with STRs and SNPs and individually. The analysis of single-source samples showed that the allele coverage ratio across all loci was 0.88 ± 0.08 which is in line with the peak height ratio of STR alleles in CE. In mixture studies, results showed that the input DNA can be much higher than with conventional CE, without the risk of oversaturating the detection system, enabling an increased sensitivity for the minor contributor in imbalanced mixtures with abundant amounts of DNA. Furthermore, the absence of stutter fragments simplifies the interpretation. On casework-like samples, MPS of MHs enabled the detection of a higher number of alleles from minor donors than MPS and CE of STRs. These results demonstrated that MPS of microhaplotypes can complement STRs and enhance human identification practices when dealing with complex imbalanced mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bennett
- Metro Nashville Police Department Crime Laboratory, 400 Myatt Drive, Madison, TN, 37115, USA
| | - Fabio Oldoni
- The Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA
| | - Kelly Long
- The Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA
| | - Selena Cisana
- The Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA
| | - Katrina Madella
- The Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA
| | - Sharon Wootton
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Chang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ryo Hasegawa
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert Lagacé
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniele Podini
- The Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA.
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15
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Current and emerging tools for the recovery of genetic information from post mortem samples: New directions for disaster victim identification. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 37:270-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Martins C, Ferreira PM, Carvalho R, Costa SC, Farinha C, Azevedo L, Amorim A, Oliveira M. Internal validation of two new retrotransposons-based kits (InnoQuant ® HY and InnoTyper ® 21) at a forensic lab. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 283:1-8. [PMID: 29232650 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Successful nuclear DNA profiling of rootless hair shafts: a novel approach. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:107-115. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Moura-Neto RS, Mello ICT, Silva R, Maette APC, Bottino CG, Woerner A, King J, Wendt F, Budowle B. Evaluation of InnoTyper® 21 in a sample of Rio de Janeiro population as an alternative forensic panel. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:149-151. [PMID: 28748403 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of bi-allelic markers such as retrotransposable element insertion polymorphisms or Innuls (for insertion/null) can overcome some limitations of short tandem repeat (STR) loci in typing forensic biological evidence. This study investigated the efficiency of the InnoTyper® 21 Innul markers in an urban admixed population sample in Rio de Janeiro (n = 40) and one highly compromised sample collected as evidence by the Rio de Janeiro police. No significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected after the Bonferroni correction (α' ≈ 0.05/20, p < 0.0025), and no significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between markers. Assuming loci independence, the cumulative random match probability (RMP) was 2.3 × 10-8. A lower mean Fis value was obtained for this sample population compared with those of three North American populations (African-American, Southwest Hispanic, US Caucasian). Principal component analysis with the three North American populations and one from 21 East Asian population showed that African Americans segregated as an independent group while US Caucasian, Southwest Hispanic, East Asian, and Rio de Janeiro populations are in a single large heterogeneous group. Also, a full Innuls profile was produced from an evidence sample, despite the DNA being highly degraded. In conclusion, this system is a useful complement to standard STR kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Moura-Neto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Forense, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - I C T Mello
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Silva
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A P C Maette
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - C G Bottino
- Policia Civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas e Perícias em Genética Forense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A Woerner
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - J King
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - F Wendt
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - B Budowle
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Ristow PG, Barnes N, Murphy GP, Brown H, Cloete KW, D'Amato ME. Evaluation of the InnoTyper ® 21 genotyping kit in multi-ethnic populations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017. [PMID: 28628900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the findings of the evaluation of the InnoTyper® 21 genotyping kit for the use of human identification (HID) and paternity testing in South Africa. This novel forensic kit evaluates 20 retrotransposable elements (AC4027, MLS26, ALU79712, NBC216, NBC106, RG148, NBC13, AC2265, MLS09, AC1141, TARBP, AC2305, HS4.69, NBC51, ACA1766, NBC120, NBC10, NBC102, SB19.12 and NBC148) and the Amelogenin locus for sex determination. The evaluation of the genotyping performance showed no significant spectral pull-up for peak heights between 100 and 30,000 RFUs. All loci presented biallelic patterns except the triallelic RG148 locus resulting from a variant insertion allele, named RG148I-1, observed exclusively in the Bantu. The InnoTyper® 21 kit was found to be highly discriminatory between the 507 unrelated individuals of the Afrikaaner, Asian Indian, Coloured, amaXhosa and amaZulu groups. The HID parameters: the CPD ranged between 0.99999987 and 0.9999999845, and the CMP between 1.0335×10-7 and 1.5506×10-8. The paternity parameters: the CPI ranged between 0.0202 and 0.3177, and the CPE between 0.9161 and 0.9749. There were no significant signs of deviations from HWE or linkage disequilibrium (LD) after applying a Bonferroni correction. This kit also showed minor levels of population structure which could differentiate between the African and non-African population groups. Finally, in challenging casework with severely degraded biological material, the InnoTyper® 21 genotyping kit was compatible with GlobalFiler® and Investigator DIPplex® to increase the HID parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gustav Ristow
- Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicole Barnes
- Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Gina Pineda Murphy
- InnoGenomics Technologies, 1441 Canal Street, Suite 307, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States of America
| | - Hiromi Brown
- InnoGenomics Technologies, 1441 Canal Street, Suite 307, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wesley Cloete
- Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Maria Eugenia D'Amato
- Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
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