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Cahill A, Volgin L, van Oorschot RAH, Taylor D, Goray M. Where did it go? A study of DNA transfer in a social setting. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 73:103101. [PMID: 39096604 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The sensitivity of DNA analysis has progressed to the point that trace levels of DNA, originating from only a few cells, can generate informative profiles. This means that virtually any item or surface can be sampled with a reasonable chance of obtaining a DNA profile. As the presence of DNA does not suggest how it was deposited, questions are often raised as to how the DNA came to be at a particular location and the activity that led to its deposition. Therefore, understanding different modes of DNA deposition, reflective of realistic forensic casework situations, is critical for proper evaluation of DNA results in court. This study aimed to follow the movements of DNA to and from individuals and common household surfaces in a residential premises, while socially interacting. This took place over an hour and involved four participants, with known shedder status, designated as visitors (a male and a female) and hosts (a male and a female), who engaged in the activity of playing a board game while being served food. During the study, the participants were instructed to use the toilet on a single occasion to assess the transfer of DNA to new and unused underwear that was provided. All contacts made by the participants in the dining room and kitchen were video recorded to follow the movements of DNA. Samples were collected based on the history of contact, which included hands, fingernails and penile swabs. Direct contacts resulted in detectable transfer (LR > 1) in 87 % (87/100) of the non-intimate samples and clothing. For surfaces touched by multiple participants, DNA from the person who made the last contact was not always detectable. The duration and number of contacts did not significantly affect the detection of the person contacting the item. On the other hand, presence of background DNA and participant's shedder status appear to play an important role. Further, unknown contributors were detected in the majority of samples. Finally, indirect transfer was observed on a number of occasions including co-habiting partners of guests who were not present at the study location. The results of this study may assist with decision making for exhibit selection or targeting areas for sampling within the home environment. Our findings can also be used in conjunction with previous literature to develop activity-level evaluations in such situations where the source of the DNA is conceded, but the mode of deposition is disputed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Cahill
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke Volgin
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Victoria, Australia; School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Duncan Taylor
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Mariya Goray
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
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2
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Stefanović A, Šorgić D, Cvetković N, Antović A, Ilić G. Precision touch DNA sampling on plastic bag knots for improved profiling of packer and holder contributions. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 71:103033. [PMID: 38522394 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In forensic DNA analysis, evidence sampling stands as a pivotal step setting the ground for the quality of the forensic profiling. The collection of touch DNA from objects, when guidelines are scarce or absent, is usually governed by ad hoc decisions based on the available case circumstances. In our laboratory, in the context of illicit drug-related crimes, similar objects are frequently encountered, offering an opportunity for the standardization of evidence treatment. This study aims to develop an effective method for sampling touch DNA from knots on plastic bags. We examine both the exposed and hidden areas of knots, considering the latter as "protected" zones less likely to accumulate biological material during subsequent handling. The study contrasts a single sample method (whole knot surface sampling, Method 1) with dual-sample methods that separate exterior (exposed) and interior (hidden) surfaces of the knot. Notably, our study consistently reveals higher DNA yields from exterior surfaces of the knots as opposed to interior samples. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that utilizing a single sample may produce DNA profiles that are not interpretable, while employing a dual-sample approach may allow for the differentiation between the genetic contributions of the person who tied the knot, the packer, from the person who held the package, the holder. We have refined the dual-sample method to reduce holder DNA in the interior sample while maintaining it on the exterior, also allowing the packer's DNA to be detected on both surfaces. We explore four dual-sample collection methods. Method 2 involves taking the first sample from the exterior and the second from the interior of an untied knot. Method 3 visually differentiates between the original exposed and hidden surfaces for precise sampling. Method 4 employs tools to open the knot for interior sampling. Method 5 uses Diamond dye to highlight cell-free DNA on both surfaces before sampling. In conclusion, this study not only clarifies the complex dynamics of touch DNA transfer and collection on plastic bag knots, but also offers insights into standardizing evidence collection in similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dejan Šorgić
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Bulevar Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, Niš 18000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Cvetković
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Bulevar Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, Niš 18000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Antović
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Bulevar Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, Niš 18000, Serbia
| | - Goran Ilić
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Bulevar Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, Niš 18000, Serbia
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3
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Nolan M, Linacre A. Cell counting to monitor swab efficiency. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:1002-1010. [PMID: 38380584 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Plastic bags, such as ziplock bags, have been used to transport illicit materials worldwide; however, very few studies have tried to optimize the recovery of DNA from these items. This study reports on the best combination of swabs and moistening solution for the greatest recovery of cellular material from ziplock bags. Five swabs, two different variations of Copan Diagnostics nylon 4N6FLOQSwabs, one Medical Wire rayon DRYSWAB, one IsoHelix rayon swab, and one Livingstone cotton swab, were evaluated with two moistening solutions, Triton X-100 in either distilled water or isopropanol. Fingermarks were deposited on ziplock bags and stained with Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye to allow visualization of the cells pre- and post-swabbing to determine the number of cells recovered. Based on cell counting data, swabs moistened with Triton X-100 in distilled water performed better than those moistened with isopropanol. Livingstone cotton swabs had the worst recovery of cellular material, while the other swabs tested had no significant difference in their respective solutions. A comparison of the best three swabs for cellular recovery yielded no differences in the DNA concentration extracted. A linear relationship was observed between the log number of cells recovered by swabbing and the DNA concentration following extraction and quantification. The process of monitoring cell collection using fluorescence microscopy on ziplock bags allowed evaluation of swabbing efficacy. Additionally, this study highlights the ability to evaluate cellular recovery independently of traditional extraction, quantification, or profiling techniques which may unequally affect samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Nolan
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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4
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Goray M, Taylor D, Bibbo E, Fantinato C, Fonneløp AE, Gill P, van Oorschot RAH. Emerging use of air eDNA and its application to forensic investigations - A review. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:916-932. [PMID: 38419135 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological material is routinely collected at crime scenes and from exhibits and is a key type of evidence during criminal investigations. Improvements in DNA technologies allow collection and profiling of trace samples, comprised of few cells, significantly expanding the types of exhibits targeted for DNA analysis to include touched surfaces. However, success rates from trace and touch DNA samples tend to be poorer compared to other biological materials such as blood. Simultaneously, there have been recent advances in the utility of environmental DNA collection (eDNA) in identification and tracking of different biological organisms and species from bacteria to naked mole rats in different environments, including, soil, ice, snow, air and aquatic. This paper examines the emerging methods and research into eDNA collection, with a special emphasis on the potential forensic applications of human DNA collection from air including challenges and further studies required to progress implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Goray
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Bibbo
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chiara Fantinato
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Elida Fonneløp
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Gill
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Office of Chief Forensic Scientist, Macleod, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Goray M, Taylor D, Bibbo E, Patel D, Fantinato C, Fonneløp AE, Gill P, van Oorschot RAH. Up in the air: Presence and collection of DNA from air and air conditioner units. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:933-947. [PMID: 38416600 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Biological material is routinely collected at crime scenes and from exhibits and is a key type of evidence during criminal investigations. Touch or trace DNA samples from surfaces and objects deemed to have been contacted are frequently collected. However, a person of interest may not leave any traces on contacted surfaces, for example, if wearing gloves. A novel means of sampling human DNA from air offers additional avenues for DNA collection. In the present study, we report on the results of a pilot study into the prevalence and persistence of human DNA in the air. The first aspect of the pilot study investigates air conditioner units that circulate air around a room, by sampling units located in four offices and four houses at different time frames post-cleaning. The second aspect investigates the ability to collect human DNA from the air in rooms, with and without people, for different periods of time and with different types of collection filters. Results of this pilot study show that human DNA can be collected on air conditioner unit surfaces and from the air, with air samples representing the more recent occupation while air conditioner units showing historic use of the room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Goray
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Bibbo
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dhruvi Patel
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chiara Fantinato
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Elida Fonneløp
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Gill
- Forensic Genetics Research Group, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Office of Chief Forensic Scientist, Macleod, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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6
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McDonald C, Taylor D, Linacre A. PCR in Forensic Science: A Critical Review. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:438. [PMID: 38674373 PMCID: PMC11049589 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has played a fundamental role in our understanding of the world, and has applications across a broad range of disciplines. The introduction of PCR into forensic science marked the beginning of a new era of DNA profiling. This era has pushed PCR to its limits and allowed genetic data to be generated from trace DNA. Trace samples contain very small amounts of degraded DNA associated with inhibitory compounds and ions. Despite significant development in the PCR process since it was first introduced, the challenges of profiling inhibited and degraded samples remain. This review examines the evolution of the PCR from its inception in the 1980s, through to its current application in forensic science. The driving factors behind PCR evolution for DNA profiling are discussed along with a critical comparison of cycling conditions used in commercial PCR kits. Newer PCR methods that are currently used in forensic practice and beyond are examined, and possible future directions of PCR for DNA profiling are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McDonald
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (C.M.); (A.L.)
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (C.M.); (A.L.)
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Comment D, Gouy A, Zingg C, Zieger M. A holistic approach for the selection of forensic DNA swabs. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 348:111737. [PMID: 37247525 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we compared the performance of five different ISO 18385 certified forensic swabs for DNA sampling in practice over a time period of five months. Comparisons were made for DNA profiling success rates, measured as the percentage of CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) suitable profiles as well as for practical suitability during sampling at the scene, measured through a survey among collaborators. More than forty members of our crime scene investigation (CSI) unit took part in the test series and provided structured feedback concerning different aspects of swab handling. A total number of 1094 "touch" DNA samples have been subjected to DNA analysis. Swabs performed significantly different in terms of DNA profiling success rates. We also observed significant differences in DNA extraction efficiency between swabs. The evaluation by the collaborators of various aspects of handling differed significantly between swabs. We can assume that a more convenient handling decreases the risk of contamination or sample mislabelling and increases sampling efficiency and staff satisfaction. Our results demonstrate that the selection of disposable sampling devices such as forensic swabs for DNA sampling should be made based on a holistic approach. To be able to select the best performing swab for a given combination of CSI and DNA laboratory procedures, it might not be sufficient to only perform DNA extraction comparisons and trace sampling under controlled laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Comment
- Forensic section, Cantonal Police Bern, Postcode, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Gouy
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 26, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; AlgoLife SARL, 87640 Razès, France.
| | - Christian Zingg
- Forensic section, Cantonal Police Bern, Postcode, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Zieger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 26, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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Gołaszewska A. Recovery techniques for contact DNA traces. ARCHIVES OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND CRIMINOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4467/16891716amsik.22.016.17394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor DNA profiling can serve at least two purposes: 1) to enhance the evidential value of DNA deposited on garments/ items and 2) to provide valuable tactical information during crime scene investigation. In this review, different types of methods for the recovery of the contact DNA traces have been summarized. Additionally, with the available techniques, the unique characteristics and limitations thereof have been overviewed. The aim of this paper is to review the techniques of touch traces collection.
Techniki odzyskiwania śladów kontaktowych DNA
Profilowanie DNA dawcy może służyć co najmniej dwóm celom: 1) zwiększeniu wartości dowodowej DNA zdeponowanego na odzieży/przedmiotach oraz 2) dostarczeniu cennych informacji taktycznych podczas badania miejsca przestępstwa. W niniejszym przeglądzie podsumowano różne rodzaje metod odzyskiwania śladów kontaktowych DNA. Dodatkowo, w odniesieniu do dostępnych technik, dokonano przeglądu ich unikalnych cech i ograniczeń. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przegląd technik pozyskiwania śladów dotykowych.
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9
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Seiberle I, Währer J, Kron S, Flury K, Girardin M, Schocker A, Schulz I. Collaborative swab performance comparison and the impact of sampling solution volumes on DNA recovery. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 59:102716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Efficient DNA Sampling in Burglary Investigations. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010026. [PMID: 35052367 PMCID: PMC8774317 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In terms of crime scene investigations by means of forensic DNA-analyses, burglaries are the number one mass crime in Switzerland. Around one third of the DNA trace profiles registered in the Swiss DNA database are related to burglaries. However, during the collection of potential DNA traces within someone’s residence after a burglary, it is not known whether the sampled DNA originated from the perpetrator or from an inhabitant of said home. Because of the high incidence of burglaries, crime scene investigators usually do not collect reference samples from all the residents for economical and administrative reasons. Therefore, the presumably high probability that a DNA profile belonging to a person authorized to be at the crime scene ends up being sent to a DNA database for comparison, has to be taken into account. To our knowledge, no investigation has been made to evaluate the percentage of these non-perpetrator profiles straying into DNA databases. To shed light on this question, we collected reference samples from residents who had been victims of recent burglaries in their private homes. By comparing the profiles established from these reference samples with the profiles generated from trace DNA, we can show that the majority of the DNA samples collected in burglary investigations belong to the residents. Despite the limited number of cases included in the study, presumably due to a crime decline caused by the pandemic, we further show that trace DNA collection in the vicinity of the break and entry area, in particular window and door glasses, is most promising for sampling perpetrator instead of inhabitant DNA.
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Gardiner J, Krosch MN. Casework comparison of DNA sampling success from steering wheels and car seats in tropical Australia. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2021.1998626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gardiner
- Scenes of Crime, Forensic Services Group, Queensland Police Service, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Matt N. Krosch
- Quality Management Section, Forensic Services Group, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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van Oorschot RAH, Meakin GE, Kokshoorn B, Goray M, Szkuta B. DNA Transfer in Forensic Science: Recent Progress towards Meeting Challenges. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111766. [PMID: 34828372 PMCID: PMC8618004 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that may impact the transfer, persistence, prevalence and recovery of DNA (DNA-TPPR), and the availability of data to assign probabilities to DNA quantities and profile types being obtained given particular scenarios and circumstances, is paramount when performing, and giving guidance on, evaluations of DNA findings given activity level propositions (activity level evaluations). In late 2018 and early 2019, three major reviews were published on aspects of DNA-TPPR, with each advocating the need for further research and other actions to support the conduct of DNA-related activity level evaluations. Here, we look at how challenges are being met, primarily by providing a synopsis of DNA-TPPR-related articles published since the conduct of these reviews and briefly exploring some of the actions taken by industry stakeholders towards addressing identified gaps. Much has been carried out in recent years, and efforts continue, to meet the challenges to continually improve the capacity of forensic experts to provide the guidance sought by the judiciary with respect to the transfer of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland A. H. van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgina E. Meakin
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Centre for the Forensic Sciences, Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ, UK
| | - Bas Kokshoorn
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Technology, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariya Goray
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Bianca Szkuta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
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13
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De Wolff TR, Aarts LHJ, van den Berge M, Boyko T, van Oorschot RAH, Zuidberg M, Kokshoorn B. Prevalence of DNA of regular occupants in vehicles. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 320:110713. [PMID: 33578178 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
People will deposit, redistribute and remove biological traces when they interact with their environment. Understanding the dynamics of trace DNA is crucial to assess both the optimal sampling strategy to recover traces and the relevance of DNA evidence in the context of a case. This paper addresses the prevalence of DNA of drivers, passengers, and unknown individuals in vehicles. Five vehicles with a regular driver only, and five vehicles with a regular driver and regular passenger have each been sampled at twenty locations. Based on the findings, we propose a sampling strategy for investigative purposes as well as for evaluative purposes when evaluating the findings given scenarios that propose the person-of-interest as either the driver or passenger in a vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R De Wolff
- Central Criminal Investigations Division, National Police of the Netherlands, The Netherlands; Crime Scene Support Team, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands
| | - L H J Aarts
- Division of Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands
| | - M van den Berge
- Division of Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands
| | - T Boyko
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Centre, Australia
| | - R A H van Oorschot
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Centre, Australia
| | - M Zuidberg
- Crime Scene Support Team, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands
| | - B Kokshoorn
- Division of Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Netherlands.
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14
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Krosch MN. Variation in forensic DNA profiling success among sampled items and collection methods: a Queensland perspective. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1759687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt N. Krosch
- Quality Management Section, Forensic Services Group, Queensland Police Service, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Prevalence of DNA from the driver, passengers and others within a car of an exclusive driver. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 307:110139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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The double-swab technique versus single swabs for human DNA recovery from various surfaces. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 46:102253. [PMID: 32007674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most crime scene DNA evidence is retrieved using cotton swabs. Since the late 90's, the double-swab technique has been favoured by many practitioners throughout the world. However, the superiority of double-swabbing over applying single wet swabs has not been broadly verified. Here we set out to evaluate the need for the second dry swab for various surfaces, aiming at mimicking the range of surfaces encountered at crime scenes: flat and ridged, absorbing and non-absorbing. For the tested non-absorbing surfaces, i.e., window glass, steel, brass, synthetic leather and ridged plastic, the first wet swabs gave at least 16 times higher DNA yields compared to the second dry swabs. In addition, second wet swabs gave more DNA than second dry ones, opposing the common notion that the purpose of the second swab is to absorb excess liquid. When ten experienced staff members sampled saliva stains on a window glass surface the variation between persons was considerable, with mean DNA yields for the first wet swabs ranging from 0.045 ± 0.022 to 0.13 ± 0.024 ng/μL. The first wet swabs gave 4-162 times more DNA than the second dry swabs, with higher DNA amounts on second swabs coinciding with lower amounts for first swabs. We show that for non-absorbing surfaces, the first wet swab takes up most of the cells in dried stains, making it less valuable to apply a second dry swab. The differences in DNA recovery between first and second swabs were notable also for absorbing surfaces. Double-swabbing may be preferable for some complex surfaces, but focusing on efficient sampling technique with single wet swabs is likely a better general approach.
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Wong HY, Tan J, Lim ZG, Kwok R, Lim W, Syn CKC. DNA profiling success rates of commonly submitted crime scene items. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Szkuta B, Ansell R, Boiso L, Connolly E, Kloosterman AD, Kokshoorn B, McKenna LG, Steensma K, van Oorschot RAH. Assessment of the transfer, persistence, prevalence and recovery of DNA traces from clothing: An inter-laboratory study on worn upper garments. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 42:56-68. [PMID: 31229887 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the various items recovered from crime scenes or persons involved in a crime event, clothing items are commonly encountered and submitted for forensic DNA sampling. Depending on the case circumstances and the activity-of-interest, sampling of the garment may concentrate on collecting DNA from the wearer, or from one or more offenders who have allegedly contacted the item and/or wearer. Relative to the targeted DNA, background DNA already residing on the item from previous contacts, or transferred during or after the crime event, may also be collected during sampling and observed in the resultant DNA profile. Given our limited understanding of how, and from where, background DNA is derived on clothing, research on the transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery (TPPR) of DNA traces from upper garments was conducted by four laboratories. Samples were collected from several areas of two garments, each worn on separate working or non-working days and individually owned by four individuals from each of the four laboratories, and processed from DNA extraction through to profiling. Questionnaires documented activities relating to the garment prior to and during wearing, and reference profiles were obtained from the wearer and their close associates identified in the questionnaire. Among the 448 profiles generated, variation in the DNA quantity, composition of the profiles, and inclusion/exclusion of the wearer and their close associates was observed among the collaborating laboratories, participants, garments worn on different occasions, and garment areas sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Szkuta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia.
| | - Ricky Ansell
- Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lina Boiso
- Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Ate D Kloosterman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Kokshoorn
- Division Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kristy Steensma
- Division Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Department, Macleod, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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van Oorschot RA, Szkuta B, Meakin GE, Kokshoorn B, Goray M. DNA transfer in forensic science: A review. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 38:140-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Cavanaugh SE, Bathrick AS. Direct PCR amplification of forensic touch and other challenging DNA samples: A review. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 32:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Dziak R, Peneder A, Buetter A, Hageman C. Trace DNA Sampling Success from Evidence Items Commonly Encountered in Forensic Casework. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:835-841. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Dziak
- Biology Section; Centre of Forensic Sciences; Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services; 25 Morton Shulman Ave Toronto ON Canada M3M 0B1
| | - Amy Peneder
- Biology Section; Centre of Forensic Sciences; Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services; 70 Foster Dr Sault Ste. Marie ON Canada P6A 6V4
| | - Alicia Buetter
- Toronto Police Service Forensic Identification Services; 2050 Jane St North York ON Canada M9N 2V3
| | - Cecilia Hageman
- Faculty of Science; University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2000 Simcoe St N Oshawa ON Canada L1H 7K4
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Einot N, Shpitzen M, Voskoboinik L, Roth J, Feine I, Gafny R. Reducing the Workload: Analysis of DNA Profiling Efficiency of Case Work Items. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19409044.2017.1332117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naftaly Einot
- Forensic DNA and Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, National H.Q., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Shpitzen
- Forensic DNA and Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, National H.Q., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lev Voskoboinik
- Forensic DNA and Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, National H.Q., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Roth
- Forensic DNA and Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, National H.Q., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilan Feine
- Forensic DNA and Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, National H.Q., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Gafny
- Forensic DNA and Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, National H.Q., Jerusalem, Israel
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Analyse von Hautkontaktspuren in der forensischen Genetik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Entstehung und Spurenentnahme. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-016-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Analyse von Hautkontaktspuren in der forensischen Genetik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kontamination und Transferszenarien. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-016-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Mapes AA, Kloosterman AD, van Marion V, de Poot CJ. Knowledge on DNA Success Rates to Optimize the DNA Analysis Process: From Crime Scene to Laboratory. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:1055-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Mapes
- Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences; - Forensic Science; Leeuwenburg; Weesperzijde 190 1097 DZ Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Ate D. Kloosterman
- Netherlands Forensic Institute - Department of Science; Interdisciplinary Research; Statistics and Knowledge Management (WISK); Laan van Ypenburg 6 2497 GB The Hague The Netherlands
- Forensic Biology; University of Amsterdam; 1012 WX Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Marion
- Netherlands Forensic Institute - Human Biological Traces (HBS); Laan van Ypenburg 6 2497 GB The Hague The Netherlands
| | - Christianne J. de Poot
- Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences; - Forensic Science; Leeuwenburg; Weesperzijde 190 1097 DZ Amsterdam Netherlands
- Dutch Police Academy - Forensic Investigation; Arnhemseweg 348 7334 AC Apeldoorn The Netherlands
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Lacerenza D, Aneli S, Omedei M, Gino S, Pasino S, Berchialla P, Robino C. A molecular exploration of human DNA/RNA co-extracted from the palmar surface of the hands and fingers. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 22:44-53. [PMID: 26844918 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
"Touch DNA" refers to the DNA that is left behind when a person touches or comes into contact with an item. However, the source of touch DNA is still debated and the large variability in DNA yield from casework samples suggests that, besides skin, various body fluids can be transferred through contact. Another important issue concerning touch DNA is the possible occurrence of secondary transfer, but the data published in the literature in relation to the background levels of foreign DNA present on the hand surfaces of the general population are very limited. As the present study aimed at better understanding the nature and characteristics of touch DNA, samples were collected from the palmar surface of the hands and fingers ("PHF" samples) of 30 male and 30 female donors by tape-lifting/swabbing and subjected to DNA/RNA co-extraction. Multiplex mRNA profiling showed that cellular material different from skin could be observed in 15% of the PHF samples. The total amount of DNA recovered from these samples (median 5.1 ng) was significantly higher than that obtained from samples containing skin cells only (median 1.6 ng). The integrity of the DNA isolated from the donors' hands and fingers as well as the prevalence of DNA mixtures were evaluated by STR typing and compared with reference STR profiles from buccal swabs. DNA integrity appeared significantly higher in the male rather than in the female subsample, as the average percentage of the donors' alleles effectively detected in PHF profiles was 75.1% and 60.1%, respectively. The prevalence of mixtures with a foreign DNA contribution ≥20% was 19.2% (30.0% in the female PHF samples and 8.3% in the male PHF samples). The obtained results support the hypothesis that transfer of cellular material different from skin may underlie the occasional recovery of quality STR profiles from handled items. These results also suggest that gender may represent an important factor influencing the propensity of individuals to carry and transfer DNA through hand contact, possibly because of the differences in personal and hygiene habits between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lacerenza
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Aneli
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy
| | - M Omedei
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - S Gino
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Pasino
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Robino
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Breathnach M, Williams L, McKenna L, Moore E. Probability of detection of DNA deposited by habitual wearer and/or the second individual who touched the garment. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 20:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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van Oorschot RA, Glavich G, Mitchell RJ. Persistence of DNA deposited by the original user on objects after subsequent use by a second person. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 8:219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Newton M. The forensic aspects of sexual violence. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 27:77-90. [PMID: 23062592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Complainants of sexual assault may disclose to different agencies, the police and health professionals being the most likely. It is possible for certain evidence types to be collected before a clinical forensic assessment takes place that do not require the need for a Forensic Medical Practitioner. If the time frames after the incident and the nature of assault warrant the need for a forensic medical examination of either a complainant or a suspect, this should only be conducted by doctors and nurses who have received relevant, up-to-date specialist theoretical and practical training. Clear evidence shows that few other criminal offences require as extensive an examination and collection of forensic evidence as that of a sexual assault. The forensic evidence in a case may identify an assailant, eliminate a nominated suspect(s), and assist in the prosecution of a case. The elements of forensic medical examination, reviewed in this chapter, are those that are the most varied across jurisdictions around the world currently. Key focus points of this chapter are considerations for early evidence collection, utilising dedicated medical examination facilities for sample collection, contamination issues associated with evidence collection and certain practical aspects of forensic sampling methods which have evolved given results identified by Forensic Scientists processing evidential samples in sexual assault cases, Some of the problems encountered by the forensic science provider will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Newton
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics, Gynaecology 26, Caterham, Surrey CR3 5SY, UK.
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30
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van Oorschot RAH. Assessing DNA Profiling Success Rates: Need for More and Better Collection of Relevant Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19409044.2012.719581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Recovery of human DNA profiles from poached deer remains: a feasibility study. Sci Justice 2011; 51:190-5. [PMID: 22137052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poaching is a crime that occurs worldwide and can be extremely difficult to investigate and prosecute due to the nature of the evidence available. If a species is protected by international legislation such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora then simply possessing any part of that species is illegal. Previous studies have focused on the identification of endangered species in cases of potential poaching. Difficulties arise if the poached animal is not endangered. Species such as deer have hunting seasons whereby they can legally be hunted however poaching is the illegal take of deer, irrespective of season. Therefore, identification of deer alone has little probative value as samples could have originated from legal hunting activities in season. After a deer is hunted it is usual to remove the innards, head and lower limbs. The limbs are removed through manual force and represent a potential source of human touch DNA. We investigate the potential to recover and profile human autosomal DNA from poached deer remains. Samples from the legs of ten culled deer were obtained (40 in total) using minitapes. DNA from samples was extracted, quantified and amplified to determine if it would be possible to recover human STR profiles. Low quantification data led to the use of an extended PCR cycling protocol of 34 cycles. Samples from seven deer amplified, however some samples were excluded from further analysis due to 'drop in' alleles or the low level of successfully amplified loci. Samples from five deer could be further analysed and gave match probabilities ranging from 6.37×10(-3) to 9.53×10(-11). This study demonstrates the potential of recovering human touch DNA from poached animal remains. There is the potential for this test to be used in relation to other species of poached remains or other types of wildlife crimes. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that human STR profiling has been successfully applied to touch DNA in regards to simulated wildlife crime.
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Schneider PM, Butler JM, Carracedo Á. Publications and letters related to the forensic genetic analysis of low amounts of DNA. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2011; 5:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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