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Ganesan S, Kumari N, Sahu S, Pattanaik M, Kishore K. Identification of Lasiodiplodia species inciting stem rot of dragon fruit in India through polyphasic approach. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:333. [PMID: 37681113 PMCID: PMC10480115 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia species commonly thrive as endophytes, saprobes, and plant pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions. Association of Lasiodiplodia species causing stem rot in dragon fruit in the coastal belt of Odisha, eastern India, has been illustrated here. The stem rot disease was characterized by yellowing of the stem, followed by softening of the stem tissues with fungal fructifications of the pathogen in the affected tissues. On the basis of macro- and micromorphological characteristics, the four fungal isolates recovered from diseased stems were identified initially as Lasiodiplodia species. By comparing DNA sequences within the NCBI GenBank database as well as performing a multigene phylogenetic analysis involving the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-rDNA), β-tubulin (β-tub), and elongation factor-alpha (EF1-α) genes, the identity of Lasiodiplodia isolates was determined. The isolate CHES-21-DFCA was identified as Lasiodiplodia iraniensis (syn: L. iranensis) and the remaining three isolates, namely CHES-22-DFCA-1, CHES-22-DFCA-2, and CHES-22-DFCA-3, as L. theobromae. Although pathogenicity studies confirmed both L. iraniensis and L. theobromae were responsible for stem rot in dragon fruit, L. iraniensis was more virulent than L. theobromae. This study established the association of Lasiodiplodia species with stem rot in dragon fruit using a polyphasic approach. Further investigations are required, particularly related to on host-pathogen-weather interaction and spatiotemporal distribution across the major dragon fruit-growing areas of the country to formulate prospective disease management strategies. This is the first report on these two species of Lasiodiplodia inflicting stem rot in Hylocereus species in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ganesan
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
- ICAR-IIHR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101 India
| | - Supriya Sahu
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - Madhuri Pattanaik
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - Kundan Kishore
- ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
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Ko YZ, Liyanage WK, Shih HC, Tseng MN, Shiao MS, Chiang YC. Unveiling Cryptic Species Diversity and Genetic Variation of Lasiodiplodia (Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales) Infecting Fruit Crops in Taiwan. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:950. [PMID: 37755058 PMCID: PMC10532828 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Lasiodiplodia, a member of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, is an important fungal disease genus in agriculture. However, the Lasiodiplodia species survey and genetic diversity in Taiwan remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the Lasiodiplodia species associated with various fruit species to explore the cryptic Lasiodiplodia species diversity, validate species delimitation, and unveil cryptic genetic diversity. Overall, six Lasiodiplodia species were identified, with several new records of infection identified. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses indicated that the relations of all isolates of L. theobromae might be paraphyletic. They were grouped with L. brasiliense based on Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) and structure-based clustering analyses. These analyses did not provide conclusive evidence for L. brasiliensis as a stable species. It may be necessary to gather more information to clarify the species delineation. The multiple new records of Lasiodiplodia species with high genetic diversity and differentiation revealed that the diversity of Lasiodiplodia in Taiwan was underestimated in the past. We found that L. theobromae has the highest number of haplotypes but the lowest number of haplotype and nucleotide diversities, indicating a recent population expansion. This was supported by the significant negative Tajima's D and Fu and Li's D* tests. The high genetic diversity, low gene flow, and host-associated differentiation of Lasiodiplodia species indicate that they might harbour powerful evolutionary potential in Taiwan. This study provided critical insights into genetic variation, host-associated differentiation, and demography of Lasiodiplodia species, which would be helpful for disease management of related pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhu Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Wasantha Kumara Liyanage
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya 81100, Sri Lanka;
| | - Huei-Chuan Shih
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Nan Tseng
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Pingtung 908, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shin Shiao
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand;
| | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- The Multidisciplinary and Data Science Research Center (MDSRC), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Rathnayaka AR, Chethana KWT, Phillips AJL, Liu JK, Samarakoon MC, Jones EBG, Karunarathna SC, Zhao CL. Re-Evaluating Botryosphaeriales: Ancestral State Reconstructions of Selected Characters and Evolution of Nutritional Modes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:184. [PMID: 36836299 PMCID: PMC9961722 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) occur in a wide range of habitats as endophytes, saprobes, and pathogens. The order Botryosphaeriales has not been subjected to evaluation since 2019 by Phillips and co-authors using phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. Subsequently, many studies introduced novel taxa into the order and revised several families separately. In addition, no ancestral character studies have been conducted for this order. Therefore, in this study, we re-evaluated the character evolution and taxonomic placements of Botryosphaeriales species based on ancestral character evolution, divergence time estimation, and phylogenetic relationships, including all the novel taxa that have been introduced so far. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted on a combined LSU and ITS sequence alignment. Ancestral state reconstruction was carried out for conidial colour, septation, and nutritional mode. Divergence times estimates revealed that Botryosphaeriales originated around 109 Mya in the early epoch of the Cretaceous period. All six families in Botryosphaeriales evolved in the late epoch of the Cretaceous period (66-100 Mya), during which Angiosperms also appeared, rapidly diversified and became dominant on land. Families of Botryosphaeriales diversified during the Paleogene and Neogene periods in the Cenozoic era. The order comprises the families Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Melanopsaceae, Phyllostictaceae, Planistromellaceae and Saccharataceae. Furthermore, current study assessed two hypotheses; the first one being "All Botryosphaeriales species originated as endophytes and then switched into saprobes when their hosts died or into pathogens when their hosts were under stress"; the second hypothesis states that "There is a link between the conidial colour and nutritional mode in botryosphaerialean taxa". Ancestral state reconstruction and nutritional mode analyses revealed a pathogenic/saprobic nutritional mode as the ancestral character. However, we could not provide strong evidence for the first hypothesis mainly due to the significantly low number of studies reporting the endophytic botryosphaerialean taxa. Results also showed that hyaline and aseptate conidia were ancestral characters in Botryosphaeriales and supported the relationship between conidial pigmentation and the pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriales species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala R. Rathnayaka
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - K. W. Thilini Chethana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jian-Kui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Milan C. Samarakoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Chang-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Jibrin MO, Liu Q, Huang Y, Urbina H, Gazis R, Zhang S. Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, a New Causal Agent of Tuber Rot on Yam ( Dioscorea Species) Imported into the United States and Implications for Quarantine Decisions. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3027-3032. [PMID: 35668059 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2421-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One negative consequence of international trade of agricultural commodities is the inadvertent global spread of crop diseases. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a staple food crop in many countries and is traded globally. Most of the commercially traded yams in the United States are imported. In late 2020, samples of yam tubers from a commercial facility were submitted to the plant diagnostic clinic at the UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida. Samples showed rotten symptoms and were drawn from lots that were marked to be destroyed because the source of the rotting symptoms was unknown. Preliminary isolation showed that a fungus was consistently associated with the symptoms and was confirmed in the subsequent pathogenicity test as the causal agent. The fungus grew profusely on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with highly melanized hyphae. Matured conidia showed longitudinal striations. Based on its growth pattern and morphology, it was suspected that this fungus may be in the genus Lasiodiplodia. DNA-based identification using partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (TUB2), 28S rDNA (LSU), and elongation factor alpha (EF1-α) genes confirmed the identity of the isolates as Lasiodiplodia iraniensis Abdollahz., Zare & A.J.L. Phillips (synonym: L. iranensis). This is the first report of L. iraniensis affecting yam and has implications for international trade. This finding will provide an important foundation for making quarantine decisions to prevent spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ojonuba Jibrin
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Qingchun Liu
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Yi Huang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Hector Urbina
- Section of Plant Pathology, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Romina Gazis
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Shouan Zhang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, IFAS, Homestead, FL 33031
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Suwannarach N, Khuna S, Kumla J, Cheewangkoon R, Suttiprapan P, Lumyong S. Morphology Characterization, Molecular Identification, and Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogen Causing Kaffir Lime Leaf Blight in Northern Thailand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:273. [PMID: 35161253 PMCID: PMC8838810 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thailand is known to be the largest producer of kaffir lime leaf products in the global market. In 2021, leaf blight was found on kaffir lime plants (Citrus hystrix DC.) in Lamphun Province of northern Thailand. This disease has been associated with significant economic losses. However, there have been no prior reports of leaf blight on kaffir lime plants in Thailand or anywhere else in the world. In this study, causal fungi were isolated from lesions of kaffir lime plants and a total of three fungal isolates were obtained. All causal fungi were identified as Lasiodiplodia chinensis based on morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1), β-tubulin (tub), and RNA polymerase II subunit (rbp2) genes. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and the results revealed that all isolated fungi caused symptoms of leaf blight on inoculated leaves. This outcome was similar to symptoms that naturally occur and have been observed in the field. This is the first report on kaffir lime leaf blight caused by L. chinensis. Our study will provide information of high value for the development of effective strategies for the monitoring and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surapong Khuna
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Suttiprapan
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.K.); (R.C.); (P.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Arkam M, Alves A, Lopes A, Čechová J, Pokluda R, Eichmeier A, Zitouni A, Mahamedi AE, Berraf-Tebbal A. Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae causing grapevine trunk diseases and their spatial distribution under different climatic conditions in Algeria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 161:933-952. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10658-021-02377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Douanla-Meli C, Scharnhorst A. Palm Foliage as Pathways of Pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi and Host of New Lasiodiplodia Species from Mexico. Pathogens 2021; 10:1297. [PMID: 34684246 PMCID: PMC8541634 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical palm foliage is increasingly imported to satisfy the steady growing demand in European floristry. This palm foliage presumably carries along diverse fungi whose taxonomic and functional diversity have not been addressed so far. The present study investigated Botryosphaeriaceae fungi associated with the foliage of palm species Chamaedorea elegans, C. metallica, C. seifrizii, Dypsis lutescens and Lodoicea maldivica imported from Mexico. Five species were identified using combined morphological characterisation and multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, TEF-1α, TUB2 and RPB2. In addition to Endomelanconiopsis endophytica, Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis and L. euphorbicola, two new species, namely, L. lodoiceae sp. nov. and L. mexicanensis sp. nov, are proposed. Apart from E. endophytica, mostly known as endophyte, L. brasiliensis and L. euphorbicola are responsible for different rot diseases and the dieback of important tropical crop plants. In pathogenicity tests on the temperate pome fruits apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis), all six Botryosphaeriaceae species induced necrotic lesions at different degrees of severity, with highest the aggressiveness from L. euphorbicola and L. mexicanensis on apple and from L. mexicanensis on pear. The results indicate that tropical palm foliage can be a pathway of potentially pathogenic fungi that may give rise to concerns with regard to plant health in the destination countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Douanla-Meli
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Scharnhorst
- Regierungspräsidium Gießen—Dezernat 51.4, Pflanzenschutzdienst Hessen, Schanzenfeldstr. 8, 35578 Wetzlar, Germany;
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Silva PS, Royo VA, Valerio HM, Fernandes EG, Queiroz MV, Fagundes M. Filtrates from cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia (Fabaceae) affect germination and seedling development differently. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e242070. [PMID: 34161452 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between endophytic fungi (EFs) and their host plants range from positive to neutral to negative. The results of such interactions can vary depending on the organ of the infected host plant. EFs isolated from the leaves of some species of plants have potential for use as agents to inhibit seed germination and control invasive plants. The objectives of this study were to identify EFs present in the leaves of Copaifera oblongifolia and to evaluate the role of these fungi in seed germination and seedling development. A total of 11 species of EFs were isolated, which were identified using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The isolated species of EFs are generalists and probably are transmitted horizontally. Laboratory tests revealed that filtrates of these fungal isolates differently affect seed germination and seedling development of C. oblongifolia. The species Curvularia intermedia, Neofusicoccum parvum, Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum and Phomopsis sp. negatively affected seed germination, with N. parvum standing out for its negative effects, inhibiting seedling germination and survival in 89 and 222%, respectively. In addition, Cochliobolus intermedius negatively affected seedling development. Thus, the combined use of N. parvum and C. intermedius, or products from the metabolism of these microorganisms, in the control of invasive plants deserves attention from future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - V A Royo
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - H M Valerio
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - E G Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - M V Queiroz
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Fungos, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M Fagundes
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
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Identification of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Citrus in China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020202. [PMID: 33494510 PMCID: PMC7911317 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the huge economic loss caused by postharvest diseases, the identification and prevention of citrus postharvest diseases is vital to the citrus industry. In 2018, 16 decayed citrus fruit from four citrus varieties—Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan), Nanfeng mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. nanfengmiju), and Sugar orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)—showing soft rot and sogginess on their surfaces and covered with white mycelia were collected from storage rooms in seven provinces. The pathogens were isolated and the pathogenicity of the isolates was tested. The fungal strains were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), and beta-tubulin (TUB) gene sequences. The strains could infect wounded citrus fruit and cause decay within two days post inoculation, but could not infect unwounded fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of citrus fruit decay caused by L. pseudotheobromae in China.
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Diniz I, Batista D, Pena AR, Rodrigues ASB, Reis P, Baldé A, Bucar I, Catarino L, Monteiro F. First Report of Dieback Caused by Neofusicoccum batangarum in Cashew in Guinea-Bissau. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:1215. [PMID: 33258426 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2308-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a cash crop with a highly significant economic importance in West Africa, particularly in Guinea-Bissau (Monteiro et al. 2015, 2017). In October 2018, dieback-like symptoms such as wilt and necrosis of apical shoots were observed in 10 % of the cashew trees grown in a 100 plant-orchard in Bolama Island at Bijagós archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. Six symptomatic apical shoots from individual plants were collected for fungal isolation and identification. Tissue pieces (3 × 2 mm) from healthy to diseased margins were surface sterilized with 1 % sodium hypochlorite, washed twice with sterilized water, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA, Difco® Laboratories) supplemented with potassium thiocyanate (50 µg/ml), and incubated at 24 ± 1 °C in the dark for 7 days. Four fungal colonies were isolated (67 %) and purified through hyphal tips removal, displaying rapid growth rate, and aerial mycelia that initially was white, turning later to dark greenish on PDA. Pycnidia produced on 1.5 % water agar and sterilized pine needles (± 25ºC; near-UV light) were solitary, covered by mycelium, obpyriform to ampulliform (152.5 ± 41.6 × 135.2 ± 30.8 μm, n = 30). Conidia were unicellular, hyaline, smooth, fusoid to ovoid, thin-walled, measuring 16.21 ± 1.52 × 5.84 ± 0.66 μm (n = 50, L/W 2.8). Such morphological features are characteristic of Neofusicoccum spp. (Phillips et al. 2013). For molecular identification, genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate GB160 and partial regions of ribosomal internal transcriber spacer (ITS) (ITS1/ITS4; White et al. 1990), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) (EF1-688F/EF1-1251R; Alves et al. 2008) and β-tubulin (β-tub) (Bt2a/Bt2b; Glass and Donaldson 1995) genes were amplified as previously described, respectively, with BSA (50 mg/ml). Amplicons were sequenced and deposited in GenBank (ITS, MN952993; EF1-α, MN952204; β-tub, MN952208). BLAST analysis of ITS, EF1-α and β-tub gene sequences showed 100 % identity with Neofusicoccum batangarum reference strain CBS124923 (FJ900608, FJ900654, FJ900635, respectively). Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses from the concatenated dataset placed GB160 isolate within the N. batangarum cluster (BS = 72 %; PP = 0.95). For pathogenicity assessment, 3-month-old cashew "Caju di Terra" plants (n = 8) grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions were inoculated following a randomized block design as described by Lima et al. (2013). Briefly, 3 mm diam. stem tissue bark was removed and replaced with a 3 mm diameter PDA plug retrieved from the colony margin. Inoculation wound was covered with sterilized wet cotton and sealed with parafilm. Eight control plants were only treated with PDA plugs and the wound covered and sealed as described. After 15 days, all inoculated plants displayed similar symptoms to those observed in the field, and vascular lesions (10.8 ± 4.0 cm), whereas control plants remained symptomless. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by successful re-isolation of the pathogen from all inoculated stems and identification by morphology and gene sequencing. N. batangarum was identified associated with Anacardium spp. in Brazil (Netto et al. 2017) and recently reported as causing grapevine dieback in Brazil (Rêgo et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. batangarum causing cashew dieback in Guinea-Bissau and West Africa. Occurrence of this disease may represent a significant impact for cashew production since this crop is the major agricultural commodity in Guinea-Bissau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Diniz
- University of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences, 111161, Ce3C, Campo Grande, Ed. 2, Lisboa, Portugal, 1749-016
- university of Lisbon Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal, 1349-017;
| | - Dora Batista
- University of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences, 111161, cE3c, Campo Grande, Ed C2, Lisboa, Portugal, 1749-016
- Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 56054, LEAF, Lisboa, Portugal
- CIFC- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Ana Rita Pena
- University of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences, 111161, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal, 1749-016;
| | | | - Pedro Reis
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LINKING LANDSCAPE, ENVIRONMENT, AGRICULTURE AND F, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal, 1349-017;
| | - Aladje Baldé
- Universidade Jean Piaget UniPiaget de Bissau, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau;
| | - Indjai Bucar
- Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Tecnologia Apropriada (INEP/CEATA), Bissau, Guinea-Bissau;
| | - Luís Catarino
- University of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences, 111161, cE3c, Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Monteiro
- University of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences, 111161, cE3c, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal, 1749-016
- Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 56054, LEAF, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal, 1349-017;
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Li G, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Chen S. Variation in Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations in YunNan Province in southwestern China across a climatic gradient. IMA Fungus 2020; 11:22. [PMID: 33117629 PMCID: PMC7560076 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-020-00043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Botryosphaeriaceae accommodates many important pathogens of woody plants, including Eucalyptus. Recently, Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated from diseased plant parts from surveys of Eucalyptus plantations in the YunNan Province, China. The aims of this study were to identify these Botryosphaeriaceae isolates and to evaluate their pathogenicity to Eucalyptus. A total of 166 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from six regions in the YunNan Province, of which 76 were from Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis hybrids, 49 from E. globulus trees, and 41 isolates were from other unknown Eucalyptus species or hybrids. Isolates were identified by comparing DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin 2 (tub2) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) genes, and combined with their morphological characteristics. Eleven species were identified, including Botryosphaeria fusispora, B. wangensis, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, N. parvum, and six novel species described as B. puerensis, N. dianense, N. magniconidium, N. ningerense, N. parviconidium and N. yunnanense. The dominant species across the regions were N. yunnanense, N. parvum and B. wangensis, representing 31.3, 25.3 and 19.9% of the total isolates, respectively. Species diversity and composition changed across the different climatic zones, despite their relatively close geographic proximity and the fact that some of the species have a global distribution. All the Botryosphaeriaceae species were pathogenic to one-year-old plants of an E. urophylla × E. grandis clone and E. globulus seed-derived plants, but showed significant inter- and intra-species variation in aggressiveness amongst isolates. The study provides a foundation for monitoring and management of Botryosphaeriaceae through selection and breeding of Eucalyptus in the YunNan Province of southwestern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (SKLTGB), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Haidian District, Beijing, 100091 China.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa.,China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), ZhanJiang, 524022 GuangDong Province China
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Shuaifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (SKLTGB), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Haidian District, Beijing, 100091 China.,China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), ZhanJiang, 524022 GuangDong Province China
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12
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Vanam HP, Ather M, Madhura KS, Rudramurthy SM. First report of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae keratitis susceptible to voriconazole in an Indian mango grower. Access Microbiol 2020; 1:e000055. [PMID: 32974536 PMCID: PMC7470297 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Botriosphaeriacea comprises cosmopolitan endophytic fungi and many of the genera have frequently been implicated in causing human infections, including subcutaneous infection, sinusitis, invasive mycoses and keratitis. Among them, the genus Lasiodiplodia, which contains >30 species, is grouped as coelomycetous fungi with prototype species Lasiodiplodia theobromae as an important cause of keratitis. Several cryptic species morphologically resembling L. theobromae exist, one of which is Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. We present a rare case of mycotic keratitis in an Indian mango grower following penetrating trauma to the left eye. Direct microscopy revealed retractile hyphal elements, and fungal cultures yielded a dematiaceous mould which was confirmed by sequencing as L. pseudotheobromae. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed low MICs to amphotericin B and voriconazole and increased MICs to itraconazole and posaconazole. This is the first report of phytopathogenic L. pseudotheobromae keratitis, successfully treated with 2 % voriconazole without keratoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Pankaj Vanam
- Mycology Division, Department of Microbiology, Bhaskar Medical College and General Hospital, Bhaskar Nagar, Yenkapally, Moinabad, R.R. District, Telangana 500 075, India
- *Correspondence: Hari Pankaj Vanam,
| | - Mohammed Ather
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bhaskar Medical College and General Hospital, Bhaskar Nagar, Yenkapally, Moinabad, R.R. District, Telangana 500 075, India
| | - K. S. Madhura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bhaskar Medical College and General Hospital, Bhaskar Nagar, Yenkapally, Moinabad, R.R. District, Telangana 500 075, India
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13
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Phytotoxic Metabolites Isolated from Neufusicoccum batangarum, the Causal Agent of the Scabby Canker of Cactus Pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica L.). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020126. [PMID: 32085485 PMCID: PMC7077194 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Six phytotoxins were obtained from the culture filtrates of the ascomycete Neofusicoccum batangarum, the causal agent of the scabby canker of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) in minor Sicily islands. The phytotoxins were identified as (−)-(R)-mellein (1); (±)-botryoisocoumarin A (2); (−)-(3R,4R)- and (−)-(3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein (3 and 4); (−)-terpestacin (5); and (+)-3,4-dihydro-4,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin, which we named (+)-neoisocoumarin (6). This identification was done by comparing their spectral and optical data with those already reported in literature. The absolute configuration (3R,4S) to (+)-neoisocoumarin (6) was determined using the advanced Mosher method. All six metabolites were shown to have phytotoxicity on the host (cactus pear) and non-host (tomato) plants, and the most active compounds were (±)-botryoisocoumarin A (2), (−)-terpestacin (5), and (+)-neoisocoumarin (6).
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14
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Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Acacia heterophylla (La Réunion) and Acacia koa (Hawaii). Fungal Biol 2019; 123:783-790. [PMID: 31627854 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acacia koa and A. heterophylla are commonly occurring native trees on the Hawaiian Islands and La Réunion, respectively. A recent phylogenetic study suggested that A. heterophylla renders A. koa paraphyletic, and that the former likely arose from the Hawaiian Islands around 1.4 million years ago. An intriguing question is whether their microbiota is similar, although they occur naturally in two very distant geographical locations. In this study, we compared the fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae isolated from natural populations of A. koa and A. heterophylla. These fungi were chosen because they commonly occur on woody plants and some are important pathogens. They are also known to have been moved globally on asymptomatic plant materials. Isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequence data for the rDNA-ITS, TEF1-α and β-tubulin loci. Ten Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified, of which four species were specific to A. koa from the Hawaiian Islands and five to A. heterophylla in La Réunion. Only one species, Neofusicoccumparvum, which is known to have a wide global distribution, was common to both hosts. The overall results of this study suggest that although A. koa and A.heterophylla share a recent evolutionary history, they have established independent microbiota, at least in terms of the Botryosphaeriaceae.
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15
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de Silva NI, Phillips AJL, Liu JK, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Phylogeny and morphology of Lasiodiplodia species associated with Magnolia forest plants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14355. [PMID: 31586104 PMCID: PMC6778208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of Lasiodiplodia (Lasiodiplodia endophytica and Lasiodiplodia magnoliae) are described and illustrated from Magnolia forests in Yunnan, China. Endophytic and saprobic Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and endophytic L. thailandica are new records from this host. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS), part of the translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and partial β-tubulin (tub2) sequence data were analyzed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other Lasiodiplodia species. Lasiodiplodia magnoliae is phylogenetically sister to L. mahajangana and L. pandanicola but morphologically distinct from L. mahajangana in having larger conidia. Lasiodiplodia endophytica is most closely related to L. iraniensis and L. thailandica and the three species can be distinguished from one another by 2 base pair differences in ITS and three or four base pair differences in tef1. The new collections suggest that Magnolia forest plants are good hosts for Lasiodiplodia species with endophytic and saprobic life-styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimali I de Silva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Biodiversity and Ethnobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, P.R. China.,Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.,World Agro Forestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, P.R. China
| | - Alan J L Phillips
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Campo Grande, 1749- 016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jian-Kui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P.R. China
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Academy of Science, the Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, P.R. China.,Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.,World Agro Forestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, P.R. China
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16
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Bautista-Cruz MA, Almaguer-Vargas G, Leyva-Mir SG, Colinas-León MT, Correia KC, Camacho-Tapia M, Robles-Yerena L, Michereff SJ, Tovar-Pedraza JM. Phylogeny, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia Species Associated With Cankers and Dieback Symptoms of Persian Lime in Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1156-1165. [PMID: 30995151 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1036-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) is an important and widely cultivated fruit crop in several regions of Mexico. In recent years, severe symptoms of gummosis, stem cankers, and dieback were detected in the Persian lime-producing region in the states of Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico. The aims of this study were to identify the species of Lasiodiplodia associated with these symptoms, determine the distribution of these species, and test their pathogenicity and virulence on Persian lime plants. In 2015, symptomatic samples were collected from 12 commercial Persian lime orchards, and 60 Lasiodiplodia isolates were obtained. Fungal identification of 32 representative isolates was performed using a phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α and β-tubulin genes. Sequence analyses were carried out using the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. Six Lasiodiplodia species were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, Lasiodiplodia subglobosa, Lasiodiplodia citricola, and Lasiodiplodia iraniensis. All Lasiodiplodia species of this study are reported for the first time in association with Persian lime in Mexico and worldwide. L. pseudotheobromae (46.9% of isolates) was the most frequently isolated species followed by L. theobromae (28.1%) and L. brasiliense (12.5%). Pathogenicity on Persian lime young plants using a mycelial plug inoculation method showed that all identified Lasiodiplodia species were able to cause necrotic lesions and gummosis, but L. subglobosa, L. iraniensis, and L. pseudotheobromae were the most virulent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bautista-Cruz
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - G Almaguer-Vargas
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S G Leyva-Mir
- 2 Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M T Colinas-León
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - K C Correia
- 3 Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, 63.133-610 Ceará, Brazil
| | - M Camacho-Tapia
- 4 Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico; and
| | - L Robles-Yerena
- 1 Posgrado en Horticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S J Michereff
- 3 Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, 63.133-610 Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M Tovar-Pedraza
- 5 Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Coordinación Culiacán, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, 80110 Sinaloa, Mexico
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18
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Jayawardena RS, Purahong W, Zhang W, Wubet T, Li X, Liu M, Zhao W, Hyde KD, Liu J, Yan J. Biodiversity of fungi on Vitis vinifera L. revealed by traditional and high-resolution culture-independent approaches. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations and adjacent plants in China. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2017; 40:63-95. [PMID: 30504996 PMCID: PMC6146638 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Botryosphaeriaceae is a species-rich family that includes pathogens of a wide variety of plants, including species of Eucalyptus. Recently, during disease surveys in China, diseased samples associated with species of Botryosphaeriaceae were collected from plantation Eucalyptus and other plants, including Cunninghamina lanceolata, Dimocarpus longan, Melastoma sanguineum and Phoenix hanceana, which were growing adjacent to Eucalyptus. In addition, few samples from Araucaria cunninghamii and Cedrus deodara in two gardens were also included in this study. Disease symptoms observed mainly included stem canker, shoot and twig blight. In this study, 105 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were collected from six provinces, of which 81 isolates were from Eucalyptus trees. These isolates were identified based on comparisons of the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) and calmodulin (cmdA) genes, the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the nuclear ribosomal small subunit (SSU), and combined with their morphological characteristics. Results showed that these isolates represent 12 species of Botryosphaeriaceae, including Botryosphaeria fusispora, Cophinforma atrovirens, Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum, and six previously undescribed species of Botryosphaeria and Neofusicoccum, namely B. pseudoramosa sp. nov., B. qingyuanensis sp. nov., B. wangensis sp. nov., N. hongkongense sp. nov., N. microconidium sp. nov. and N. sinoeucalypti sp. nov. Aside from B. wangensis, C. atrovirens and N. hongkongense, the other nine Botryosphaeriaceae species were isolated from Eucalyptus trees in South China. Botryosphaeria fusispora (26 % of the isolates from Eucalyptus) is the dominant species, followed by L. pseudotheobromae (23 % of the isolates from Eucalyptus). In addition to species found on Eucalyptus trees, we also found B. pseudoramosa on M. sanguineum; B. wangensis on C. deodara; C. atrovirens on D. longan; L. theobromae on C. lanceolata, D. longan and P. hanceana; and N. hongkongense on A. cunninghamii. Pathogenicity tests showed that the 12 species of Botryosphaeriaceae are pathogenic to three Eucalyptus clones and that Lasiodiplodia species are the most aggressive. The results of our study suggest that many more species of the Botryosphaeriaceae remain to be discovered in China. This study also provides confirmation for the wide host range of Botryosphaeriaceae species on different plants.
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20
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Invasive Everywhere? Phylogeographic Analysis of the Globally Distributed Tree Pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Slippers B, Crous PW, Jami F, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ. Diversity in the Botryosphaeriales: Looking back, looking forward. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:307-321. [PMID: 28317537 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Botryosphaeriales are amongst the most widespread, common and important fungal pathogens of woody plants. Many are also known to exist as endophytes in healthy plant tissues. This special issue highlights a number of key themes in the study of this group of fungi. In particular, there have been dramatic taxonomic changes over the past decade; from one family to nine (including two in this special issue) and from 10 to 33 genera known from culture. It is also clear from many studies that neither morphology nor single locus sequence data are sufficient to define taxa. This problem is exacerbated by the increasing recognition of cryptic species and hybrids (as highlighted for the first time in this special issue). It is futile that management strategies, including quarantine, continue to rely on outdated taxonomic definitions and identification tools. This is especially true in light of growing evidence that many species continue to be moved globally as endophytes in plants and plant products. A well defined natural classification and an extensive collection of tools to study the Botryosphaeriaceae, including a growing number of genomes, now provide a springboard for a much deeper exploration of their biology, biogeography and host associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Slippers
- Department of Genetics, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Pedro Willem Crous
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fahimeh Jami
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Michael John Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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