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Liu S, Bu Z, Zhang X, Chen Y, Sun Q, Wu F, Guo S, Zhu Y, Tan X. The new CFEM protein CgCsa required for Fe 3+ homeostasis regulates the growth, development, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133216. [PMID: 38901513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Secreted common fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) domain proteins have been implicated in multiple biological functions in fungi. However, it is still largely unknown whether the ferric iron (Fe3+), as an important trace element, was involved with the biological function of CFEM proteins. In this study, a new CFEM protein CgCsa, with high expression levels at the early inoculation stage on peppers by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was investigated. Deletion of the targeted gene CgCsa revealed multiple biological roles in hyphal growth restriction, highly reduced conidial yield, delayed conidial germination, abnormal appressorium with elongated bud tubes, and significantly reduced virulence of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, in CgCsa mutants, the expression levels of four cell wall synthesis-related genes were downregulated, and cell membrane permeability and electrical conductivity were increased. Compared to the wild-type, the CgCsa mutants downregulated expressions of iron transport-related genes, in addition, its three-dimensional structure was capable binding with iron. Increase in the Fe3+ concentration in the culture medium partially recovered the functions of ΔCgCsa mutant. This is probably the first report to show the association between CgCsa and iron homeostasis in C. gloeosporioides. The results suggest an alternative pathway for controlling plant fungal diseases by deplete their trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhen Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhigang Bu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qianlong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China; LongPing Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China.
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Situ J, Xi P, Lin L, Huang W, Song Y, Jiang Z, Kong G. Signal and regulatory mechanisms involved in spore development of Phytophthora and Peronophythora. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984672. [PMID: 36160220 PMCID: PMC9500583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes cause hundreds of destructive plant diseases, threatening agricultural production and food security. These fungus-like eukaryotes show multiple sporulation pattern including the production of sporangium, zoospore, chlamydospore and oospore, which are critical for their survival, dispersal and infection on hosts. Recently, genomic and genetic technologies have greatly promoted the study of molecular mechanism of sporulation in the genus Phytophthora and Peronophythora. In this paper, we characterize the types of asexual and sexual spores and review latest progress of these two genera. We summarize the genes encoding G protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, transcription factors, RNA-binding protein, autophagy-related proteins and so on, which function in the processes of sporangium production and cleavage, zoospore behaviors and oospore formation. Meanwhile, various molecular, chemical and electrical stimuli in zoospore behaviors are also discussed. Finally, with the molecular mechanism of sporulation in Phytophthora and Peronophythora is gradually being revealed, we propose some thoughts for the further research and provide the alternative strategy for plant protection against phytopathogenic oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Situ
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Kong,
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Ah‐Fong AM, Boyd AM, Matson ME, Judelson HS. A Cas12a-based gene editing system for Phytophthora infestans reveals monoallelic expression of an elicitor. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:737-752. [PMID: 33724663 PMCID: PMC8126191 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans is a destructive pathogen of potato and a model for investigations of oomycete biology. The successful application of a CRISPR gene editing system to P. infestans is so far unreported. We discovered that it is difficult to express CRISPR/Cas9 but not a catalytically inactive form in transformants, suggesting that the active nuclease is toxic. We were able to achieve editing with CRISPR/Cas12a using vectors in which the nuclease and its guide RNA were expressed from a single transcript. Using the elicitor gene Inf1 as a target, we observed editing of one or both alleles in up to 13% of transformants. Editing was more efficient when guide RNA processing relied on the Cas12a direct repeat instead of ribozyme sequences. INF1 protein was not made when both alleles were edited in the same transformant, but surprisingly also when only one allele was altered. We discovered that the isolate used for editing, 1306, exhibited monoallelic expression of Inf1 due to insertion of a copia-like element in the promoter of one allele. The element exhibits features of active retrotransposons, including a target site duplication, long terminal repeats, and an intact polyprotein reading frame. Editing occurred more often on the transcribed allele, presumably due to differences in chromatin structure. The Cas12a system not only provides a tool for modifying genes in P. infestans, but also for other members of the genus by expanding the number of editable sites. Our work also highlights a natural mechanism that remodels oomycete genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M.V. Ah‐Fong
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amy M. Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael E.H. Matson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Howard S. Judelson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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Liu J, Du Y, Ma H, Pei X, Li M. Enhancement of Monascus yellow pigments production by activating the cAMP signalling pathway in Monascus purpureus HJ11. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:224. [PMID: 33287814 PMCID: PMC7720387 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs), which were produced by Monascus species, have been used as important food colorant and food supplements for more than one billion people during their daily life. Moreover, MonAzPs recently have received more attention because of their diverse physiological activities. However, the high microbial production of MonAzPs is still not always guaranteed. Herein, the aim of this study was to develop an efficient biotechnological process for MonAzPs production. RESULTS In this study, exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment not only induced MonAzPs production, but also stimulated the expression of a cAMP phosphodiesterase gene, named as mrPDE, in M. purpureus HJ11. Subsequently, MrPDE was identified as a cAMP phosphodiesterase by in vitro enzymatic reaction with purified enzyme. Further, a gene knockout mutant of mrPDE was constructed to verify the activation of cAMP signalling pathway. Deletion of mrPDE in M. purpureus HJ11 improved cAMP concentration by 378% and enhanced PKA kinase activity 1.5-fold, indicating that activation of cAMP signalling pathway was achieved. The ΔmrPDE strain produced MonAzPs at 8563 U/g, with a 2.3-fold increase compared with the WT strain. Moreover, the NAPDH/NADP+ ratio of the ΔmrPDE strain was obviously higher than that of the wild type strain, which led to a higher proportion of yellow MonAzPs. With fed-batch fermentation of the ΔmrPDE strain, the production and yield of MonAzPs achieved 332.1 U/mL and 8739 U/g. CONCLUSIONS A engineered M. purpureus strain for high MonAzPs production was successfully developed by activating the cAMP signalling pathway. This study not only describes a novel strategy for development of MonAzPs-producing strain, but also provides a roadmap for engineering efforts towards the production of secondary metabolism in other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Du
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mu Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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