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Zhang SS, Li X, Li GJ, Huang Q, Tian JH, Wang JL, Li M, Li SM. Genetic and Molecular Evidence of a Tetrapolar Mating System in the Edible Mushroom Grifola frondosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:959. [PMID: 37888215 PMCID: PMC10607315 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is a valuable edible fungus with high nutritional and medicinal values. The mating systems of fungi not only offer practical strategies for breeding, but also have far-reaching effects on genetic variability. Grifola frondosa has been considered as a sexual species with a tetrapolar mating system based on little experimental data. In the present study, one group of test crosses and six groups of three-round mating experiments from two parental strains were conducted to determine the mating system in G. frondosa. A chi-squared test of the results of the test-cross mating experiments indicated that they satisfied Mendelian segregation, while a series of three-round mating experiments showed that Mendelian segregation was not satisfied, implying a segregation distortion phenomenon in G. frondosa. A genomic map of the G. frondosa strain, y59, grown from an LMCZ basidiospore, with 40.54 Mb and 12 chromosomes, was generated using genome, transcriptome and Hi-C sequencing technology. Based on the genomic annotation of G. frondosa, the mating-type loci A and B were located on chromosomes 1 and 11, respectively. The mating-type locus A coded for the β-fg protein, HD1, HD2 and MIP, in that order. The mating-type locus B consisted of six pheromone receptors (PRs) and five pheromone precursors (PPs) in a crossed order. Moreover, both HD and PR loci may have only one sublocus that determines the mating type in G. frondosa. The nonsynonymous SNP and indel mutations between the A1B1 and A2B2 mating-type strains and the reference genome of y59 only occurred on genes HD2 and PR1/2, preliminarily confirming that the mating type of the y59 strain was A1B2 and not A1B1. Based on the genetic evidence and the more reliable molecular evidence, the results reveal that the mating system of G. frondosa is tetrapolar. This study has important implications for the genetics and hybrid breeding of G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guo-Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing-Hua Tian
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Ming Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shou-Mian Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
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