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Gruppuso L, Receveur JP, Fenoglio S, Bona F, Benbow ME. Hidden Decomposers: the Role of Bacteria and Fungi in Recently Intermittent Alpine Streams Heterotrophic Pathways. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1499-1512. [PMID: 36646914 PMCID: PMC10497695 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of flow intermittency and drying events in Alpine rivers is expected to increase due to climate change. These events can have significant consequences for stream ecological communities, though the effects of reduced flow conditions on microbial communities of decomposing allochthonous leaf material require additional research. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the decomposition of two common species of leaf litter, chestnut (Castanea sativa), and oak (Quercus robur). A sampling of experimentally placed leaf bags occurred over six collection dates (up to 126 days after placement) at seven stream sites in the Western Italian Alps with historically different flow conditions. Leaf-associated bacterial and fungal communities were identified using amplicon-based, high-throughput sequencing. Chestnut and oak leaf material harbored distinct bacterial and fungal communities, with a number of taxonomic groups differing in abundance, though bacterial community structure converged later in decomposition. Historical flow conditions (intermittent vs perennial rivers) and observed conditions (normal flow, low flow, ongoing drying event) had weaker effects on bacterial and fungal communities compared to leaf type and collection date (i.e., length of decomposition). Our findings highlight the importance of leaf characteristics (e.g., C:N ratios, recalcitrance) to the in-stream conditioning of leaf litter and a need for additional investigations of drying events in Alpine streams. This study provides new information on the microbial role in leaf litter decomposition with expected flow changes associated with a global change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gruppuso
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy.
- Centro per lo Studio dei Fiumi Alpini (ALPSTREAM - Alpine Stream Research Center), Ostana, (CN), Italy.
| | - J P Receveur
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Fenoglio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio dei Fiumi Alpini (ALPSTREAM - Alpine Stream Research Center), Ostana, (CN), Italy
| | - F Bona
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio dei Fiumi Alpini (ALPSTREAM - Alpine Stream Research Center), Ostana, (CN), Italy
| | - M E Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Mercurio D, Oggioni M, Fumagalli S, Lynch NJ, Roscher S, Minuta D, Perego C, Ippati S, Wallis R, Schwaeble WJ, De Simoni MG. Targeted deletions of complement lectin pathway genes improve outcome in traumatic brain injury, with MASP-2 playing a major role. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:174. [PMID: 33115535 PMCID: PMC7592565 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation is believed to contribute to brain inflammation. The study aims to identify the key components of the LP contributing to TBI outcome as possible novel pharmacological targets. We compared the long-term neurological deficits and neuropathology of wild-type mice (WT) to that of mice carrying gene deletions of key LP components after experimental TBI. WT or MASP-2 (Masp2-/-), ficolin-A (Fcna-/-), CL-11 (Colec11-/-), MASP-1/3 (Masp1-/-), MBL-C (Mbl2-/-), MBL-A (Mbl1-/-) or MBL-/- (Mbl1-/-/Mbl2-/-) deficient male C57BL/6J mice were used. Mice underwent sham surgery or TBI by controlled cortical impact. The sensorimotor response was evaluated by neuroscore and beam walk tests weekly for 4 weeks. To obtain a comparative analysis of the functional outcome each transgenic line was rated according to a health score calculated on sensorimotor performance. For selected genotypes, brains were harvested 6 weeks after injury for histopathological analysis. MASP-2-/-, MBL-/- and FCN-A-/- mice had better outcome scores compared to WT. Of these, MASP-2-/- mice had the best recovery after TBI, showing reduced sensorimotor deficits (by 33% at 3 weeks and by 36% at 4 weeks). They also showed higher neuronal density in the lesioned cortex with a 31.5% increase compared to WT. Measurement of LP functional activity in plasma from MASP-2-/- mice revealed the absence of LP functional activity using a C4b deposition assay. The LP critically contributes to the post-traumatic inflammatory pathology following TBI with the highest degree of protection achieved through the absence of the LP key enzyme MASP-2, underlining a therapeutic utility of MASP-2 targeting in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mercurio
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - M Oggioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - S Fumagalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - N J Lynch
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Roscher
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 9HN, Leicester, UK
| | - D Minuta
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - C Perego
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - S Ippati
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - R Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 9HN, Leicester, UK
| | - W J Schwaeble
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK
| | - M-G De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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Manusadžianas L, Darginavičienė J, Gylytė B, Jurkonienė S, Krevš A, Kučinskienė A, Mačkinaitė R, Pakalnis R, Sadauskas K, Sendžikaitė J, Vitkus R. Ecotoxicity effects triggered in aquatic organisms by invasive Acer negundo and native Alnus glutinosa leaf leachates obtained in the process of aerobic decomposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:35-44. [PMID: 25058932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of autochthonous tree species by invasive ones in coastal zones of freshwater bodies induces additional alteration of hydrochemical and microbiological characteristics due to decomposition of fallen leaves of non-indigenous species, which can lead to ecotoxic response of the littoral biota. Leaves of invasive to Lithuania boxelder maple (Acer negundo) and autochthonous black alder (Alnus glutinosa) lost more than half of biomass and released stable amount of DOC (60-70 mg/L) throughout 90-day mesocosm experiment under aerobic conditions. This, along with the relatively small BOD7 values detected after some variation within the first month confirms effective biodegradation by fungi and bacteria. The ambient water was more enriched with different forms of N and P by decomposing boxelder maple than by alder leaves. During the first month, both leachates were more toxic to charophyte (Nitellopsis obtusa) at mortality and membrane depolarization levels, while later to two crustacean species. Biomarker response, H(+)-ATPase activity in membrane preparations from N. obtusa, was stronger for A. negundo. Generally, boxelder maple leaf leachates were more toxic to tested hydrobionts and this coincides with previous study on leaves of the same pair of tree species conducted under microaerobic conditions (Krevš et al., 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Levonas Manusadžianas
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jūratė Darginavičienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Gylytė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Jurkonienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alina Krevš
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alė Kučinskienė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimutė Mačkinaitė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Romas Pakalnis
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazys Sadauskas
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Sendžikaitė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Vitkus
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
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