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Bilański P, Jankowiak R, Solheim H, Fortuna P, Chyrzyński Ł, Warzecha P, Taerum SJ. Soil-borne Ophiostomatales species (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) in beech, oak, pine, and spruce stands in Poland with descriptions of Sporothrixroztoczensis sp. nov., S.silvicola sp. nov., and S.tumida sp. nov. MycoKeys 2023; 97:41-69. [PMID: 37251288 PMCID: PMC10210257 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.97416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) contains many species, most of which are associated with bark beetles. Some members of this order are plant or animal pathogens, while others colonize soil, different plant tissues, or even carpophores of some Basidiomycota. However, little is known about soil-inhabiting Ophiostomatales fungi. A survey of these fungi associated with soil under beech, oak, pine, and spruce stands in Poland yielded 623 isolates, representing 10 species: Heinzbutiniagrandicarpa, Leptographiumprocerum, L.radiaticola, Ophiostomapiliferum, O.quercus, Sporothrixbrunneoviolacea, S.dentifunda, S.eucastaneae, and two newly described taxa, namely Sporothrixroztoczensissp. nov. and S.silvicolasp. nov. In addition, isolates collected from fallen shoots of Pinussylvestris that were pruned by Tomicus sp. are described as Sporothrixtumidasp. nov. The new taxa were morphologically characterized and phylogenetically analyzed based on multi-loci sequence data (ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes). The Ophiostomatales species were especially abundant in soil under pine and oak stands. Leptographiumprocerum, S.silvicola, and S.roztoczensis were the most frequently isolated species from soil under pine stands, while S.brunneoviolacea was the most abundant in soil under oak stands. The results highlight that forest soil in Poland has a wide diversity of Ophiostomatales taxa, but further studies are required to uncover the molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships of these fungi, as well as their roles in soil fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, NorwayNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Paweł Fortuna
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Łukasz Chyrzyński
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Paulina Warzecha
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Stephen Joshua Taerum
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Jenkins-Waggoner Laboratory, 123 Huntington Street P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504-1106, USAThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Jenkins-Waggoner LaboratoryNew HavenUnited States of America
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Jankowiak R, Gumulak N, Bilański P, Solheim H, Tomalak M, Wingfield MJ. Five new Graphium species from hardwood trees in Poland. Mycologia 2023; 115:357-374. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2186676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Molecular characterization of a novel endornavirus isolated from Ophiostoma bicolor associated with bark beetles. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2839-2843. [PMID: 36227426 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ophiostoma bicolor is a pathogenic fungus associated with bark beetles that can cause serious damage to host plants. In this study, a novel fungal virus, "Ophiostoma bicolor endornavirus 1" (ObEV1), was obtained from O. bicolor, and its complete genome sequence was determined. ObEV1 has a single-stranded positive-sense (+ ss) RNA genome of 10,119 nucleotides. Sequence annotation and comparison showed that the viral genome has a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein of 362.48 kDa. The polyprotein contains seven conserved domains: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), viral RNA helicase 1 (VHel1), viral methyltransferase (VMet), DEAD-like helicase (DEXDc), gliding-GltJ (G1), large tegument protein UL36 (PHA), and YlqF-related-GTPase (Y). Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that ObEV1 is a novel mycovirus belonging to the genus Betaendornavirus of the family Endornaviridae. This is the first report of a mycovirus in the ophiostomatoid fungus O. bicolor.
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Ferrero A, Zanchini R, Ferrocino I, Sabrina D, Nucera DM. Consumers and food safety: Application of metataxonomic analyses and multivariate statistics in order to identify behaviours affecting microbial contaminations in household kitchens. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pires D, Vicente CSL, Inácio ML, Mota M. The Potential of Esteya spp. for the Biocontrol of the Pinewood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010168. [PMID: 35056617 PMCID: PMC8781088 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD) and a quarantine organism in many countries. Managing PWD involves strict regulations and heavy contingency plans, and present climate change scenarios predict a spread of the disease. The urgent need for sustainable management strategies has led to an increasing interest in promising biocontrol agents capable of suppressing the PWN, like endoparasitic nematophagous fungi of the Esteya genus. Here, we review different aspects of the biology and ecology of these nematophagous fungi and provide future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pires
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal;
| | - Cláudia S. L. Vicente
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (C.S.L.V.); (M.L.I.)
| | - Maria L. Inácio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.S.L.V.); (M.L.I.)
| | - Manuel Mota
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal;
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6
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Ostafińska A, Jankowiak R, Bilański P, Solheim H, Wingfield MJ. Six new species of Sporothrix from hardwood trees in Poland. MycoKeys 2021; 82:1-32. [PMID: 34393590 PMCID: PMC8357686 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.82.66603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix (Sordariales, Ascomycota) is a well-supported monophyletic lineage within the Ophiostomatales, species of which occur in a diverse range of habitats including on forest trees, in the soil, associated with bark beetles and mites as well as on the fruiting bodies of some Basidiomycota. Several species have also been reported as important human and animal pathogens. During surveys of insect- and wound-associated Ophiostomatales from hardwood trees in Poland, many isolates with affinity to Sporothrix were recovered. In the present study, six undescribed Sporothrix spp. collected during these surveys are characterized based on their morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenenetic inference. They are described as Sporothrixcavum, Sporothrixcracoviensis, S.cryptarchum, S.fraxini, S.resoviensis, and S.undulata. Two of the Sporothrix spp. reside in the S.gossypina-complex, while one forms part of the S.stenoceras-complex. One Sporothrix sp. is a member of lineage F, and two other species grouped outside any of the currently defined species complexes. All the newly described species were recovered from hardwood habitats in association with sub-cortical insects, wounds or woodpecker cavities. These species were morphologically similar, with predominantly asexual states having hyaline or lightly pigmented conidia, which produce holoblastically on denticulate conidiogenous cells. Five of the new taxa produce ascomata with necks terminating in long ostiolar hyphae and allantoid ascospores without sheaths. The results suggest that Sporothrix species are common members of the Ophiostomatales in hardwood ecosystems of Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ostafińska
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Krakow Poland.,State Forets, Forest District Dynów, ul. Jaklów 2, 36-065 Dynów, Poland State Forets, Forest District Dynów Dynów Poland
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Krakow Poland
| | - Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Krakow Poland
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Ås Norway
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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Vectors of Dutch Elm Disease in Northern Europe. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050393. [PMID: 33946656 PMCID: PMC8146915 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Potential Dutch elm disease vector beetle species were caught with pheromone bottle traps and handpicked in 2019: in total, seven species and 261 specimens were collected. The most common was Scolytus triarmatus, but by percent, the incidence of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was highest in Scolytus scolytus, followed by Xyleborinus saxesenii and S. triarmatus. We analysed the beetles' DNA using PacBio sequencing to determine vector beetles of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was found on six out of seven analysed beetle species: Scolytus scolytus, S. triarmatus, S. multistriatus, S. laevis, Xyleborinus saxesenii and Xyleborus dispar. The last two beetles were detected as vectors for Ophiostoma novo-ulmi for the first time. Previous knowledge on the spread of beetles is discussed.
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8
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Haelewaters D, Urbina H, Brown S, Newerth-Henson S, Aime MC. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of the Romaine Lettuce Phylloplane Mycobiome. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:277. [PMID: 33917072 PMCID: PMC8067711 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an important staple of American agriculture. Unlike many vegetables, romaine lettuce is typically consumed raw. Phylloplane microbes occur naturally on plant leaves; consumption of uncooked leaves includes consumption of phylloplane microbes. Despite this fact, the microbes that naturally occur on produce such as romaine lettuce are for the most part uncharacterized. In this study, we conducted culture-based studies of the fungal romaine lettuce phylloplane community from organic and conventionally grown samples. In addition to an enumeration of all such microbes, we define and provide a discussion of the genera that form the "core" romaine lettuce mycobiome, which represent 85.5% of all obtained isolates: Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Filobasidium, Naganishia, Papiliotrema, Rhodotorula, Sampaiozyma, Sporobolomyces, Symmetrospora and Vishniacozyma. We highlight the need for additional mycological expertise in that 23% of species in these core genera appear to be new to science and resolve some taxonomic issues we encountered during our work with new combinations for Aureobasidiumbupleuri and Curvibasidium nothofagi. Finally, our work lays the ground for future studies that seek to understand the effect these communities may have on preventing or facilitating establishment of exogenous microbes, such as food spoilage microbes and plant or human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.U.); (S.B.); (S.N.-H.)
| | - Hector Urbina
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.U.); (S.B.); (S.N.-H.)
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Samuel Brown
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.U.); (S.B.); (S.N.-H.)
| | - Shannon Newerth-Henson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.U.); (S.B.); (S.N.-H.)
| | - M. Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.U.); (S.B.); (S.N.-H.)
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Li Y, Yu H, Araújo JPM, Zhang X, Ji Y, Hulcr J. Esteya floridanum sp. nov.: An Ophiostomatalean Nematophagous Fungus and Its Potential to Control the Pine Wood Nematode. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:304-311. [PMID: 32734814 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0229-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nematophagous fungal genus Esteya is reported as a natural enemy of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes pine wilt in Asia and Europe. During a survey of fungi associated with ambrosia beetles in Florida, an undescribed Esteya species was found. A phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear large subunit and β-tubulin DNA sequences supported this isolate as a new species, E. floridanum. Morphological and phylogenetic characteristics and a species description are provided here. The fungus was observed to kill the pine wood nematode in vitro. To evaluate the ability of E. floridanum to protect trees against the pine wood nematode in vivo, the effect of prophylactic inoculation was tested on Pinus koraiensis and Larix olgensis in Liaoning, China. The results suggest that the fungus is not a plant pathogen and that it delays wilt and postpones death of two conifer trees. This presents a potential new avenue for research on biocontrol of pine wilt disease and stresses the value of research on pest organisms in their native regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Haiying Yu
- Technology Center, General Station of Forest Pest Control, National Forestry Administration, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
- Shenyang Institute of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 113122, China
| | - João P M Araújo
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- Technology Center, General Station of Forest Pest Control, National Forestry Administration, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Yingchao Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
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10
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Strzałka B, Kolařík M, Jankowiak R. Geosmithia associated with hardwood-infesting bark and ambrosia beetles, with the description of three new species from Poland. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:169-194. [PMID: 33420645 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Geosmithia species (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) are associates of bark beetles and other arthropods. One species, Geosmithia morbida, is a virulent tree pathogen of Juglans nigra. To date, 10 Geosmithia spp. from conifer-infesting, and at least 23 species from hardwood associated bark beetles have been reported from Europe. The aim of this study was to survey Geosmithia spp. associated with 18 bark and ambrosia beetle species in hardwood ecosystems in Poland. In addition, we evaluated the pathogenicity of the six Geosmithia species by inoculating Acer, Fagus, Quercus, Tilia and Ulmus seedlings. Our surveys yielded a total of 1060 isolates from 2915 beetles and 1887 galleries. We identified isolates using morphology and ITS, β-tubulin and TEF1-α sequences. Altogether we identified 11 species including nine previously known and two new species described here as Geosmithia fagi sp. nov. and G. pazoutovae sp. nov. In addition, a sister species G. longistipitata sp. nov., associated with Picea trees, is described here. Bark beetles from hardwoods, with exeption of Dryocoetes alni, D. villosus, Scolytus ratzeburgi and ambrosia beetles, appear to be regular vectors of Geosmithia spp. Like in other parts of the world, most Geosmithia taxa exhibited a distinct level of vector/host specificity. None of Geosmithia isolates induced any disease symptoms under the conditions of our experiment. This study highlights the need for more intensive surveys across additional areas of Central and Northern Europe, insect vectors and host tree species in order to elucidate the Geosmithia species diversity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Strzałka
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
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DiGirolomo MF, Munck IA, Dodds KJ, Cancelliere J. Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Oak Forests of Two Northeastern States: A Comparison of Trapping Methods and Monitoring for Phoretic Fungi. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2758-2771. [PMID: 32914836 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oak wilt is slowly expanding in the northeastern United States. Several nitidulid beetle species are known vectors of the fungus [Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) Z. W. De Beer, Marinc., T. A. Duong, and M. J. Wingf (Microascales: Ceratocystidaceae)] that causes this disease, acquiring spores from fungal mats on infected trees and transmitting them to uninfected trees. Survey and fungal isolation from captured nitidulid beetles could be an important tool for detecting the presence of this disease in a geographic area not previously known to have oak wilt. In preparation for monitoring activities in such areas, two trapping studies were conducted in the northeastern United States: 1) trap test comparing the efficacy of wind-oriented pipe, multiple-funnel, and modified pitfall traps for nitidulids and 2) wet and dry collection cup comparison. Lures were a combination of nitidulid pheromones and fermenting liquid. Results support the use of multiple-funnel traps over the other two trap types, for both targeted species-specific surveys and community sampling. More total nitidulids, Colopterus truncatus (Randall), and Glischrochilus fasciatus (Olivier) were captured in wet collection cups compared with dry cups. Twenty-seven fungal species were isolated, none of which were B. fagacearum. Many fungi isolated from beetles were plant pathogens, indicating that in addition to the oak wilt fungus, sap beetles may contribute to the spread of other plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc F DiGirolomo
- USDA Forest Service, Region 9, State and Private Forestry, Durham, NH
| | - Isabel A Munck
- USDA Forest Service, Region 9, State and Private Forestry, Durham, NH
| | - Kevin J Dodds
- USDA Forest Service, Region 9, State and Private Forestry, Durham, NH
| | - Jessica Cancelliere
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Forest Health, Albany, NY
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12
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Jankowiak R, Solheim H, Bilański P, Marincowitz S, Wingfield MJ. Seven new species of Graphilbum from conifers in Norway, Poland, and Russia. Mycologia 2020; 112:1240-1262. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1778375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Seonju Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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13
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Strzałka B, Jankowiak R, Bilański P, Patel N, Hausner G, Linnakoski R, Solheim H. Two new species of Ophiostomatales (Sordariomycetes) associated with the bark beetle Dryocoetes alni from Poland. MycoKeys 2020; 68:23-48. [PMID: 32607057 PMCID: PMC7314864 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.68.50035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles belonging to the genus Dryocoetes (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are known vectors of fungi, such as the pathogenic species Grosmannia dryocoetidis involved in alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) mortality. Associations between hardwood-infesting Dryocoetes species and fungi in Europe have received very little research attention. Ectosymbiotic fungi residing in Ceratocystiopsis and Leptographium (Ophiostomatales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) were commonly detected in previous surveys of the Dryocoetes alni-associated mycobiome in Poland. The aim of this study was to accurately identify these isolates and to provide descriptions of the new species. The identification was conducted based on morphology and DNA sequence data for six loci (ITS1-5.8S, ITS2-28S, ACT, CAL, TUB2, and TEF1-α). This revealed two new species, described here as Ceratocystiopsis synnemata sp. nov. and Leptographium alneum sp. nov. The host trees for the new species included Alnus incana and Populus tremula. Ceratocystiopsis synnemata can be distinguished from its closely related species, C. pallidobrunnea, based on conidia morphology and conidiophores that aggregate in loosely arranged synnemata. Leptographium alneum is closely related to Grosmannia crassivaginata and differs from this species in having a larger ascomatal neck, and the presence of larger club-shaped cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Strzałka
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection; University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Kraków Poland
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection; University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Kraków Poland
| | - Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection; University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Kraków Poland
| | - Nikita Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Buller Building 213, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada
| | - Georg Hausner
- Department of Microbiology, Buller Building 213, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland Natural Resources Institute Finland Helsinki Finland
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Ås Norway
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14
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Jankowiak R, Bilański P, Strzałka B, Linnakoski R, Bosak A, Hausner G. Four new Ophiostoma species associated with conifer- and hardwood-infesting bark and ambrosia beetles from the Czech Republic and Poland. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1501-1521. [PMID: 31140027 PMCID: PMC6748885 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungi under the order Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) are known to associate with various species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). In addition this group of fungi contains many taxa that can impart blue-stain on sapwood and some are important tree pathogens. A recent survey that focussed on the diversity of the Ophiostomatales in the forest ecosystems of the Czech Republic and Poland uncovered four putative new species. Phylogenetic analyses of four gene regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, ß-tubulin, calmodulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α) indicated that these four species are members of the genus Ophiostoma. All four newly described species can be distinguished from each other and from closely related species based on DNA sequence comparisons, morphological characters, growth rates, and their insect associations. Based on this study four new taxa can be circumscribed and the following names are provided: Ophiostoma pityokteinis sp. nov., Ophiostoma rufum sp. nov., Ophiostoma solheimii sp. nov., and Ophiostoma taphrorychi sp. nov. O. rufum sp. nov. is a member of the Ophiostoma piceae species complex, while O. pityokteinis sp. nov. resides in a discrete lineage within Ophiostoma s. stricto. O. taphrorychi sp. nov. together with O. distortum formed a well-supported clade in Ophiostoma s. stricto close to O. pityokteinis sp. nov. O. solheimii sp. nov. groups within a currently undefined lineage A, which also includes Ophiostoma grandicarpum and Ophiostoma microsporum. This study highlights the need for more intensive surveys that should include additional countries of Central Europe, insect vectors and host tree species in order to elucidate Ophiostoma species diversity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Protection, Entomology and Forest Climatology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Strzałka
- Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agnieszka Bosak
- Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Georg Hausner
- Department of Microbiology, Buller Building 213, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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