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Cetin D, Kucuk Yetgin M, Turkcapar AG, Koksalan B, Durmaz S. Effect of Corrective Exercise on Static Balance, Food Consumption, and Body Composition in the Early Period After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1449-1463. [PMID: 38446360 PMCID: PMC11031457 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of corrective exercise program applied during the period of rapid weight loss following bariatric surgery on static balance, dietary intake, and body composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants who had undergone Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) surgery were divided into as Corrective Exercise Group (CEG), and Control Group (CG). CEG underwent a 12-week supervised corrective exercise program. Body composition and static balance of all participants were assessed before and after the study. Their physical activity levels and dietary intake were also evaluated. RESULTS Following of the corrective exercise program, both groups exhibited significant reductions in body weight, BMI, fat mass, fat percentage, muscle mass, waist circumference-to-height ratio, and visceral adiposity values (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CEG showed increase in lean body mass percentage (p < 0.001). In measurements related to static balance, values for eyes-closed perimeter (p = 0.015), eyes-closed (p = 0.006), eyes-open (p = 0.028) ellipses area, average F-B speed, and eyes-open center of pressure in the X-axis (C.O.P.X.) sway distance significantly decreased in both groups (p = 0.025). However, the difference in eyes-open C.O.P.X. sway distance was found to be higher in the CG (mean difference = 8.67; p = 0.034). Postoperatively, there were significant decreases in energy, protein, fat, CHO (carbohydrate), CHO percentage, fiber, and iron values, while protein percentage (p < 0.001), vitamin D (p = 0.003), and B12 (p < 0.001) values increased. CONCLUSION It has been observed that the corrective exercise program implemented in the early postoperative period following SG surgery had a positive impact on eyes-open static balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Cetin
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Meral Kucuk Yetgin
- Department of Coaching Education, Sport Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Marmara Üniversitesi Anadoluhisarı Yerleşkesi, Göksu Mah. Cuma Yolu Cad. No:1, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi PK, Beykoz, Istanbul, 34815, Türkiye.
| | | | - Burke Koksalan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sena Durmaz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Acıbadem Fulya Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Gunay Ucurum S, Uzunlar H, Kirmizi M, Altas EU, Ozer Kaya D. Comparative analysis of postural stability and risk of falling and developing disability among overweight and obese women over 40 years. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 38:549-553. [PMID: 38763607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased body mass index (BMI) adversely affects the mechanics of the musculoskeletal system. It is known that obese people have poorer postural stability and mobility-related outcomes compared to normal weight people, but there is limited research comparing overweight and class 1 obese people, two consecutive and prevalent BMI categories. AIMS To compare postural stability, functional mobility, and risk of falling and developing disability between overweight and obese women, and to investigate the relationship of BMI and body weight with the outcomes. METHODS Thirty women with class 1 obesity and 30 overweight women were included. Standing postural stability with eyes-open and eyes-closed and stability limits were assessed using the Prokin system. The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) was used to assess functional mobility and risk of falling (≥11 s) and developing disability (≥9 s). RESULTS The average center of pressure displacements on the y-axis (COPY) obtained during quiet standing with both eyes-open and eyes-closed were higher in obese women than overweight women (p < 0.05) and the effect sizes were moderate for the results. The COPY values in the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions were correlated with BMI (r = 0.295 and r = 0.285, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the COPX value in the eyes-open condition and the TUG score were correlated with body weight (r = 0.274 and r = 0.257, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obese women had poorer static standing stability in the anteroposterior direction than overweight women, while functional mobility and risk of falling and developing disability did not differ. Furthermore, BMI and body weight were related to poorer static standing stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Gunay Ucurum
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Uzunlar
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey.
| | - Muge Kirmizi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Elif Umay Altas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Bakırcay University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Derya Ozer Kaya
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Sharma T, Copeland PV, Debenham MIB, Bent LR, Dalton BH. Neuromechanical characterization of the abductor hallucis and its potential role in upright postural control. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:293-305. [PMID: 37913527 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence to support a role for the abductor hallucis (AH) in standing balance control; however, functional properties of the muscle that may provide more insight into AH's specific contribution to upright posture have yet to be characterized. This study was conducted to quantify functional neuromechanical properties of the AH and correlate the measures with standing balance variables. We quantified strength and voluntary activation during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the great toe abductor in nine (3 females and 6 males) healthy, young participants. During electrically evoked twitch and tetanic contractions, we measured great toe abduction peak force and constructed a force-frequency curve. We also evaluated peak abduction force, contraction time (CT), half-relaxation time (HRT), rate of force development (RFD), and relaxation rate (RR) from twitch contractions evoked using doublet stimuli. Strength, VA, CT, HRT, RFD, and RR were correlated to centre of pressure standard deviation (COP SD) and velocity (COP VEL) variables of the traditional COP trace and its rambling and trembling components during single-legged stance. AH twitch properties (e.g., CT: 169.8 ± 32.3 ms; HRT: 124.1 ± 29.2 ms) and force-frequency curve were similar to other slow contractile muscles. Contractile speed related negatively with COP VEL, suggesting AH may be appropriate for slow, prolonged tasks such as ongoing postural balance control. Correlation coefficient outcomes for all variables were similar between rambling and trembling components. Our results provide further evidence for the importance of AH neuromechanical function for standing balance control, at least during a challenging single-legged posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Sharma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Paige V Copeland
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mathew I B Debenham
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Leah R Bent
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Ferhi H, Maktouf W. The impact of obesity on static and proactive balance and gait patterns in sarcopenic older adults: an analytical cross-sectional investigation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16428. [PMID: 38025734 PMCID: PMC10676719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the susceptibility of older adults to falls and related injuries. While existing literature has established a connection between obesity and reduced postural stability during stationary stances, the direct implications of obesity on walking dynamics, particularly among the older adults with sarcopenia, are not yet comprehensively understood. Objective Firstly, to investigate the influence of obesity on steady-state and proactive balance, as well as gait characteristics, among older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO); and secondly, to unearth correlations between anthropometric characteristics and balance and gait parameters in the same demographic. Methods A cohort of 42 participants was categorized into control (CG; n = 22; age = 81.1 ± 4.0 years; BMI = 24.9 ± 0.6 kg/m²) and sarcopenic obese (SOG; n = 20; age = 77.7 ± 2.9 years; BMI = 34.5 ± 3.2 kg/m²) groups based on body mass index (BMI, kg/m²). Participants were assessed for anthropometric data, body mass, fat and lean body mass percentages (%), and BMI. Steady-state balance was gauged using the Romberg Test (ROM). Proactive balance evaluations employed the Functional Reach (FRT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. The 10-m walking test elucidated spatiotemporal gait metrics, including cadence, speed, stride length, stride time, and specific bilateral spatiotemporal components (stance, swing, 1st and 2nd double support, and single support phases) expressed as percentages of the gait cycle. Results The time taken to complete the TUG and ROM tests was significantly shorter in the CG compared to the SOG (p < 0.05). In contrast, the FRT revealed a shorter distance achieved in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). The CG exhibited a higher gait speed compared to the SOG (p < 0.05), with shorter stride and step lengths observed in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Regarding gait cycle phases, the support phase was longer, and the swing phase was shorter in the SOG compared to the CG group (p < 0.05). LBM (%) showed the strongest positive correlation with the ROM (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), gait speed (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), TUG (r = -0.80, p < 0.001) and FRT (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Conclusion Obesity induces added complexities for older adults with sarcopenia, particularly during the regulation of steady-state and proactive balance and gait. The percentage of lean body mass has emerged as a crucial determinant, highlighting a significant impact of reduced muscle mass on the observed alterations in static postural control and gait among older adults with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ferhi
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Tunis, Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Wael Maktouf
- Bioengineering, Tissues and Neuroplasticity, UR 7377, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est Créteil, France
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Boulares A, Fabre C, Cherni A, Jdidi H, Gaied Chortane S, Trompetto C, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Effects of a Physical Activity Program that Incorporates Exercises Targeting Balance, Strength, and Proprioception on Cognitive Functions and Physical Performance in Old Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:245-260. [PMID: 37742641 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging often leads to cognitive function decline, sensory structure deterioration, and musculoskeletal system weakening. This impacts postural control during static and dynamic activities like walking, increasing the fall risk among the elderly. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) face an elevated fall risk and cognitive decline, magnifying the public health concern. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore solutions by investigating the effects of a multi-component physical activity program on cognitive and motor functions in MCI patients. METHODS Twenty-three participants were enrolled in the study and assigned into two groups: an intervention group (n = 13; age = 85.7±5.5 years) and a control group (n = 9; age = 85±6.7 years). The study spanned two months, with participants engaging in three 60-minute weekly physical exercise sessions. The intervention focused on improving proprioception, muscle strength, and balance. RESULTS Results demonstrated significant enhancements in physical performance, fall risk reduction, and balance (p < 0.05). Various tests, including the timed up and go test, Unipedal Stance test, Tinetti test, Short Physical Performance Battery, and 6-minute walking test, indicated these improvements. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination, revealing non-significant progress (p > 0.05). Predictive models for outcomes were developed using linear regression analysis during the follow-up stage. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the effectiveness of a multi-component physical activity program encompassing balance, proprioception, and muscle-strengthening exercises as a non-pharmaceutical approach in improving balance skills and playing a key role in mitigating the risk of falls among old adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Boulares
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Claudine Fabre
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Ala Cherni
- Research Unit: Sports Science, Health and Movement, UR22JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Hela Jdidi
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory Move-UR 20296, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Poitiers, France
| | - Sabri Gaied Chortane
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Manouba, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Fabre M, Sainton P, Sutter C, Mouchnino L, Chavet P. Partial Unweighting in Obese Persons Enhances Tactile Transmission From the Periphery to Cortical Areas: Impact on Postural Adjustments. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:782028. [PMID: 35774481 PMCID: PMC9238273 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.782028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tactile plantar information is known to play an important role in balance maintenance and to contribute to the setting of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) prior to stepping. Previous studies have suggested that somatosensory processes do not function optimally for obese individuals due to the increased pressure of the plantar sole resulting in balance issues. Here, we investigated whether decreasing the compression of the mechanoreceptors by unweighting the plantar sole would enhance tactile sensory processes leading to an increased stability and an accurate setting of the APAs in obese individuals. More specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the somatosensory cortex response to electric stimulation (SEP) of the plantar sole in standing obese persons will be greater with reduced body weight than with their effective weight. The level of unweighting was calculated for each participant to correspond to a healthy body mass index. We showed an increase SEP amplitude in the unweighted condition compared to the effective body weight for all participants. This increase can be explained by the reduction of weight itself but also by the modified distribution of the pressure exerted onto the foot sole. Indeed, in the unweighted condition, the vertical ground reaction forces are evenly distributed over the surface of the foot. This suggests that decreasing and equalizing the pressure applied on the plantar mechanoreceptors results in an increase in somatosensory transmission and sensory processes for obese persons when unweighted. These sensory processes are crucial prior to step initiation and for setting the anticipatory postural adjustments (i.e., thrust). These cortical changes could have contributed to the observed changes in the spatiotemporal characteristics of the thrust prior to step initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fabre
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Sainton
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Sutter
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Chavet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Pascale Chavet
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Danna J, Nordlund M, Louber D, Moré S, Mouchnino L. Overpressure on fingertips prevents state estimation of the pen grip force and movement accuracy. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:189-198. [PMID: 34689223 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the inability to move a pen accurately in a graphic task is partly due to a decrease of afferent somatosensory information resulting from overpressure on the tactile receptors of the fingers holding the pen. To disentangle the depressed somatosensory origin from an altered motor command, we compared a condition in which the participant actively produces pressure on the pen (active grip) with a condition in which pressure is passively applied (passive grip, no grip-related motor command). We expected that the response of the somatosensory cortex to electric stimulation of the wrist's tactile nerve (i.e., SEP) would be greater in the natural pen grip (baseline condition) than in the two overpressure conditions (actively or passively induced). Fifteen adults were required to trace a geometrical shape in the three grip conditions. The SEP amplitude was not significantly different between the baseline and both overpressure conditions. However, behavioral results showed that drawing accuracy is impaired when the pressure on the pen is increased (passively or actively). Cortical source analyses revealed that the activity of the superior parietal areas (SPL) increased in both overpressure conditions. Our findings suggest that the SPL is critical for sensorimotor integration, by maintaining an internal representation of pen holding. These cortical changes might witness the impaired updating of the finger-pen interaction force for such drawing actions under visual guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Danna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | - Simon Moré
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, Marseille, France
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The Effect of Nordic Walking Training with Poles with an Integrated Resistance Shock Absorber on the Body Balance of Women over the Age of 60. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030267. [PMID: 33801501 PMCID: PMC7999749 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the balance of healthy, elderly women as a result of Nordic walking training using of two types of poles: classic poles, and poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber. Thirty-four women completed the experiment (Age = 66.8 ± 4.1 years). They were randomly assigned into the experimental group—training with poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber—EG (n = 17), and the control active group—training with classic poles—CG (n = 17). Body balance was measured with Romberg sharpened test and using the AccuGait ™ force platform before and after an intervention lasting for 8 weeks (2 training sessions × 75 min per week). In ANOVA analysis, the Romberg sharpened test showed a statistically significant effect of “time” (F = 18.62, p < 0.001, ɳ2 = 0.37). No interaction effect or clear “time” effect was observed in the ANOVA analysis for the results of posturographic tests (p > 0.05). The lack of pre-post differences in posturographic tests indicates that further research is necessary, where, e.g., there are extended intervention times and more difficult examination tasks are performed. In the case of the Romberg test, both groups improved their results, which may indicate an improvement in perception and processing of sensory information, regardless of the type of training applied.
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Bueno JWF, Coelho DB, Souza CRD, Teixeira LA. Associations Between Women's Obesity Status and Diminished Cutaneous Sensibility Across Foot Sole Regions. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:243-257. [PMID: 32962537 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520958511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People who are obese sustain very high foot pressures when standing, with potential consequences to their feet soles' cutaneous sensibility. In the current investigation, we performed a detailed assessment of foot sole sensibility in women with morbid obesity (n = 13; age = 38.85, SD = 8.09 years) status in comparison with leaner women (n = 13; age = 37.62, SD = 7.10 years). We estimated tactile feet sole sensibility through graduated monofilament light touch applied at several hotspots of both feet soles, covering the toes, metatarsal heads, midfoot internal and lateral arches, and heel. Intergroup comparisons per foot sole region indicated significantly lower sensibility for the group with morbid obesity under the fifth and third metatarsal heads, midfoot lateral and internal arches and heel. We found a large variation across the sole regions, with the lowest difference between the obese and lean groups observed under the hallux (18%) and the largest difference observed under the lateral arch of the midfoot (76%). Correlation analyses between body weight and sensibility scores revealed a significant positive correlation among participants who were leaner (rs = 0.56, p = 0.05) but not among participants who were obese (rs = -0.06, p = 0.83). Mainly, our results showed that morbid obesity was associated with significantly higher cutaneous sensibility thresholds, with large variability of the sensibility deficit across different regions of both feet soles. Due to its functional relevance for body balance control, reduced sensibility thresholds among women who are morbidly obese may have implications for stance stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair Wesley Ferreira Bueno
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Ribeiro de Souza
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Caderby T, Caron N, Verkindt C, Bonazzi B, Dalleau G, Peyrot N. Obesity-related alterations in anticipatory postural mechanisms associated with gait initiation. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2557-2567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Differences in lower extremity muscular coactivation during postural control between healthy and obese adults. Gait Posture 2020; 81:197-204. [PMID: 32795826 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well established that obesity is associated with deterioration in postural control that may reduce obese adults' autonomy and increase risks of falls. However, neuromuscular mechanisms through which postural control alterations occur in obese adults remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of obesity on muscle coactivation at the ankle joint during static and dynamic postural control. MATERIALS AND METHODS A control group (CG; n = 20; age = 32.5 ± 7.6 years; BMI = 22.4 ± 2.2 Kg/m²) and an obese group (OG; n = 20; age = 34.2 ± 5.6 years; BMI = 38.6 ± 4.1 Kg/m²) participated in this study. Static postural control was evaluated by center of pressure (CoP) displacements during quiet standing. Dynamic postural control was assessed by the maximal distance traveled by the CoP during a forward lean test. Electromyography activity data for the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) were collected during both quiet standing and forward lean tests. Muscle activities were used to calculate two separate coactivation indexes (CI) between ankle plantar and dorsal flexors (GM/TA and SOL/TA, respectively). RESULTS CoP displacements were higher in the OG than in the CG for quiet standing (p < 0.05). When leaning forward, the maximal distance of the CoP was higher in the CG than in the OG (p < 0.05). Only the CI value calculated for SOL/TA was higher in the OG than in the CG for both static and dynamic tasks (p < 0.05). The SOL/TA CI value in the OG was positively correlated with CoP displacements during quiet standing (r = 0.79; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Obesity increases muscle coactivation of the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles at the ankle joint during both static and dynamic postural control. This adaptive neuromuscular response may represent a joint stiffening strategy for enhancing stability. Consequently, increased ankle muscle coactivation could not be considered as a good adaptation in obese adults.
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Relationships between lower limbs fatigability threshold and postural control in obese adults. J Biomech 2020; 105:109819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Maktouf W, Durand S, Boyas S, Pouliquen C, Beaune B. Combined effects of aging and obesity on postural control, muscle activity and maximal voluntary force of muscles mobilizing ankle joint. J Biomech 2018; 79:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Diet induced obesity alters muscle spindle afferent function in adult mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196832. [PMID: 29718979 PMCID: PMC5931673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations with obesity are more likely to fall and exhibit balance instability. The reason for this is likely multifactorial, but there is some evidence that sensory function is impaired during obesity. We tested the hypothesis that muscle proprioceptor function is compromised in a mouse model of diet induced obesity. An in vitro muscle-nerve preparation was used to record muscle spindle afferent responses to physiological stretch and sinusoidal vibration. We compared the responses of C57/Bl6 male and female mice on a control diet (10% kcal fat) with those eating a high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat) for 10 weeks (final age 14–15 weeks old). Following HFD feeding, adult mice of both sexes exhibited decreased muscle spindle afferent responses to muscle movement. Muscle spindle afferent firing rates during the plateau phase of stretch were significantly lower in both male and female HFD animals as were two measures of dynamic sensitivity (dynamic peak and dynamic index). Muscle spindle afferents in male mice on a HFD were also significantly less likely to entrain to vibration. Due to the importance of muscle spindle afferents to proprioception and motor control, decreased muscle spindle afferent responsiveness may contribute to balance instability during obesity.
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16
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Neri SGR, Gadelha AB, Pereira JC, Gutierres Filho PJB, Lima RM. Obesity is associated with reduced postural control in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2018.1442496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Bonadias Gadelha
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Mauá Institute of Research and Education, Vicente Pires, DF, Brazil
| | - Juscélia Cristina Pereira
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Department of Education, Federal Institute of Triângulo Mineiro, Paracatu, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo M. Lima
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Bryanton MA, Bilodeau M. The Effect of Vision and Surface Compliance on Balance in Untrained and Strength Athletes. J Mot Behav 2018; 51:75-82. [PMID: 29377776 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2017.1423019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the removal of vision and/or surface compliance on postural stability in strength athletes who habitually use free-weights and compound movements in their training (i.e., powerlifters, Olympic weightlifters), and untrained individuals. Static and dynamic balance testing was performed with eyes open or closed on stable and memory foam surfaces. Both groups had similar increases in postural sway area and velocity during quiet standing testing; whereas group main effects and interactions for dynamic testing revealed that untrained participants experienced greater relative declines in postural performance when voluntary limits of stability are stressed, especially when both vision and surface compliance were deterred. These results demonstrate that in comparison to untrained young adults, postural control variables may be reduced to a lesser extent in strength athletes when sensory constraints are altered; however this appears to be specific to the type of postural task performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Bryanton
- a School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,b Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyere Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- b Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyere Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,c School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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18
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Horák S, Sovová E, Pastucha D, Konečný P, Radová L, Calabová N, Janoutová J, Janout V. Comprehensive Group Therapy of Obesity and Its Impact on Selected Anthropometric and Postural Parameters. Cent Eur J Public Health 2018; 25:326-331. [PMID: 29346858 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a multifactorial disease. This non-infectious epidemic has reached pandemic proportions in the 21 century. Posture is a dynamic process referring to an active maintenance of body movement segments against the action of external forces. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of comprehensive group therapy for obese persons on selected anthropometric and postural parameters. METHODS The study comprised 53 females with a mean age of 44.5 years (range 29–65 years, standard deviation 9.42 years, median 44 years), who completed a controlled weight loss programme. At the beginning and at the end of the programme, anthropometric parameters (Body Mass Index (BMI), weight and waist circumference) were measured and the posturography tests Limits of Stability (LOS) and Motor Control Test (MCT) were performed using the NeuroCom's SMART EquiTest system. The data were statistically analyzed using R software at a level of significance of 0.05. RESULTS There were positive changes after the controlled weight loss programme in anthropometric parameters (BMI reduction, with p<0.001; waist circumference reduction, with p<0.001; and weight loss, with p<0.001), postural stability with statistically significant (p<0.05) improvements in both postural activity (LOS test parameters) and reactions (MCT parameters). CONCLUSION The study showed a statistically significant effect of comprehensive group therapy for obesity in terms of reductions in waist circumference, body weight and BMI, and thus the overall reduction of both cardiovascular and metabolic risks, as well as improved postural skills (activity and reactions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Horák
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sovová
- Department of Exercise Medicine and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Pastucha
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,ReFit Clinic, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Konečný
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Rehabilitation, Prostějov Hospital, Prostějov, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Naděžda Calabová
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janoutová
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Janout
- Centre for Research and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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19
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Shirabe NA, Silva RAD, Oliveira MR, Nowotny AH, Sturion LA, Gil AWDO, Andraus RAC, Carvalho APF. ATLETAS DE TAEKWONDO TÊM MELHOR CONTROLE POSTURAL DO QUE ATLETAS DE HANDEBOL E FUTEBOL AMERICANO. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172306170049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: O controle postural é um pré-requisito importante para o desempenho do atleta no esporte. Além disso, o sistema de controle postural contribui para a prevenção de lesões. Déficits nesse sistema podem levar a instabilidade corporal e sobrecarga das estruturas musculoesqueléticas, gerando disfunção e dor. Objetivos: A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar o controle postural em três diferentes modalidades esportivas: taekwondo, handebol e futebol americano. Métodos: Todos os atletas executaram o teste de equilíbrio unipodal sobre uma plataforma de força nos membros inferiores direito e esquerdo. Foram realizados três testes de trinta segundos cada, com os olhos abertos. A média dos três testes foi utilizada para mensurar os parâmetros de controle postural, centro de pressão e velocidade dos deslocamentos anteroposteriores e mediolaterais. Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os três grupos em todos os parâmetros analisados (P = <0,04). A análise post hoc revelou que os atletas de taekwondo tiveram melhor controle postural (P = < 0,035) dos membros inferiores em comparação com as outras duas modalidades. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre o handebol e o futebol americano. Conclusão: Os atletas do taekwondo têm melhor controle postural durante o teste de equilíbrio unipodal do que os atletas do handebol e do futebol americano.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubens Alexandre da Silva
- Universidade Norte do Paraná, Brasil; UNOPAR, Brasil; UEL / UNOPAR, Brasil; l’Université McGill, Canada
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Cieślińska-Świder J, Furmanek MP, Błaszczyk JW. The influence of adipose tissue location on postural control. J Biomech 2017; 60:162-169. [PMID: 28705486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests, that excessive body weight is inseparably connected with postural instability. In none of previous studies, body weight distribution has been considered as a factor, which may affect results of a static posturography. The purpose of the present study is to quantify some center of foot pressure (COP) characteristics in 40 obese women with android type of obesity (waist-to-hip ratio - WHR≥0.85, BMI: 37.5±5.4) and 40 obese women with gynoid type of obesity (WHR<0.85, BMI: 36.9±5.1). Variables of postural sway were acquired while subjects were standing quietly on a force plate with eyes open and closed. Both in the sagittal and frontal plane sway range, average velocity, and maximal velocity of COP were calculated. Moreover, the total average velocity and total maximal velocity of the COP displacement were computed. Women with abdominal obesity showed a larger sway range in the anterior-posterior plane with eyes open (p<0.0282) and eyes closed conditions (p<0.0115) and a greater maximal COP velocity to compare with subjects with gynoidal obese type (p<0.0112) with eyes closed condition. The postural stability in obese women from the biomechanical point of view is strongly dependent on body distribution. Women with the abdominal obesity type may be exposed to a greater risk of postural instability as compare to women with gynoid fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cieślińska-Świder
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Department of Physiotherapy of the Nervous System and the Musculoskeletal System, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Paweł Furmanek
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Department of Human Motor Behavior, Katowice, Poland
| | - Janusz Wiesław Błaszczyk
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Department of Human Motor Behavior, Katowice, Poland; Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Handrigan GA, Maltais N, Gagné M, Lamontagne P, Hamel D, Teasdale N, Hue O, Corbeil P, Brown JP, Jean S. Sex-specific association between obesity and self-reported falls and injuries among community-dwelling Canadians aged 65 years and older. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:483-494. [PMID: 27562568 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and falls among community-dwelling elderly. Results indicate that obesity is associated with increased falls and there appears to be a sex-specific difference with obese men at higher risk of falling. Obesity is identified as a risk factor for falls in men. INTRODUCTION The prevalence of falls, fall-related injuries, and obesity has increased over the last decade. The objectives of this study were to investigate sex-specific association and dose-response relationship between BMI and falls (and related injuries) among community-dwelling elderly. METHODS Our study sample consisted of 15,860 adults aged 65 years or older (6399 men and 9461 women) from the 2008-2009 Canadian Community Health Survey-Healthy Aging (CCHS-HA). Falls, fall-related injuries, and BMI measures were self-reported. For both sex, dose-response curves presenting the relationship between BMI, falls, and fall-related injuries were first examined. Thereafter, multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed to investigate these relationships after adjustment for potentially confounding variables. RESULTS Of women, 21.7 % reported a fall and 16.9 % of men. The dose-response relationship between BMI and prevalence of falls showed that underweight and obese individuals reported falling more than normal and overweight individuals; this being more apparent in men than women. Finally, the dose relationship between BMI and prevalence of fall-related injuries showed that only obese men seem more likely to have sustained a fall-related injury. Results from the multivariate analysis showed that obesity in men was significantly associated with higher odds of falling odds ratio (OR) 1.33 (1.04-1.70) and was not significantly associated with higher odds of fall-related injuries OR 1.10 (0.66-1.84) over a 12-month period compared to normal weight men. For women, obesity was not significantly associated with higher fall prevalence OR 0.99 (0.79-1.25) and fall-related injuries OR 0.71 (0.51-1.00). CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with self-reported falls, and there appears to be a sex-specific difference in elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Handrigan
- School of Kinesiology and Leisure, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
| | - N Maltais
- School of Kinesiology and Leisure, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - M Gagné
- Institut National Santé Publique Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - P Lamontagne
- Institut National Santé Publique Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - D Hamel
- Institut National Santé Publique Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - N Teasdale
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - O Hue
- Department of Science of Physical Activity, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - P Corbeil
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - J P Brown
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - S Jean
- Institut National Santé Publique Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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22
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Chow GCC, Chung JWY, Ma AWW, Macfarlane DJ, Fong SSM. Sensory organisation and reactive balance control of amateur rugby players: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Sport Sci 2016; 17:400-406. [PMID: 27863454 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1257656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the sensory organisation and reactive balance control of amateur rugby players and a control group. METHODS Forty-one amateur rugby players (22 males: 19 females; mean height ± SD = 168.8 ± 8.8 cm; mean weight ± SD = 63.9 ± 12.5 kg) and 31 control participants (22 males: 9 females; mean height ± SD = 171.5 ± 10.3 cm; mean weight ± SD = 63.8 ± 10.3 kg) completed the study. Their sensory organisation and standing balance performance were evaluated using a sensory organisation test (SOT), and their reactive balance performance was quantified using a motor control test (MCT). The SOT equilibrium scores (ES) and sensory ratios and the MCT motor response latencies were the major outcome measures. RESULTS The results revealed that compared to the controls, amateur rugby players had lower SOT ESs under different sensory environments (P < .001, [Formula: see text] = 0.142-0.254) and prolonged reactive motor response times in the MCT (P < .001, d = 0.890). The vestibular and visual ratios were also lower in the rugby group (P = .005, [Formula: see text] = 0.107 and 0.108, respectively). No significant difference was found in the somatosensory ratio (P = .853, [Formula: see text] < 0.001) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Amateur rugby players demonstrated inferior standing balance performance compared to their non-trained counterparts. They relied less heavily on vestibular and visual inputs to maintain standing balance under different sensory environments. In addition, they reacted more slowly to postural disturbance, reflecting their suboptimal reactive balance ability in standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C C Chow
- a School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.,b Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Joanne W Y Chung
- c Department of Health and Physical Education , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Ada W W Ma
- c Department of Health and Physical Education , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Duncan J Macfarlane
- a School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Shirley S M Fong
- a School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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23
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Lhomond O, Teasdale N, Simoneau M, Mouchnino L. Neural Consequences of Increasing Body Weight: Evidence from Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and the Frequency-Specificity of Brain Oscillations. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:318. [PMID: 27445758 PMCID: PMC4925671 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the control of human balance suggested that increased pressure under the feet, leading to reduced plantar sole mechanoreceptors sensitivity, increases body sway. Although this suggestion is attracting, it is unclear whether increased plantar sole pressure simply reduces the transmission of plantar sole afferent to the cortex or also alters the sensorimotor integrative mechanisms. Here we used electrical stimulation applied under the sole of the foot to probe the sensorimotor mechanisms processing foot mechanoreceptors. Balance control of healthy individuals was assessed either when wearing a loaded vest or in normal-weight condition. In the Loaded condition, we observed decreased cortical activity over the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) for both an early P50-N90 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and for oscillatory brain activity within the gamma band (30–80 Hz). These reductions were interpreted as a disrupted early sensory transmission (i.e., decreased early SEP) leading to a decreased perception of plantar sole sensory information (i.e., decreased gamma band power). These early sensory mechanisms for the Loaded condition were associated with an increase in the late P170-N210 SEP and oscillatory brain activity within the beta band (19–24 Hz). These neural signatures involved areas which are engaged in sensorimotor integrative processes (secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and right temporoparietal junction). Altered early and late sensory processes may result from the increase pressure on the mechanoreceptors of the foot sole and not from postural instability per se. Indeed, postural instability with normal weight condition did not lead to SEP changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lhomond
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Normand Teasdale
- Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de QuébecQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de QuébecQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
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Boucher F, Handrigan GA, Mackrous I, Hue O. Childhood obesity affects postural control and aiming performance during an upper limb movement. Gait Posture 2015; 42:116-21. [PMID: 26002603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity reduces the efficiency of postural and movement control mechanisms. However, the effects of obesity on a functional motor task and postural control in standing and seated position have not been closely quantified among children. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of obesity on the execution of aiming tasks performed in standing and seated conditions in children. Twelve healthy weight children and eleven obese children aged between 8 and 11 years pointed to a target in standing and seated position. The difficulty of the aiming task was varied by using 2 target sizes (1.0 cm and 5.0 cm width; pointing to the smaller target size needs a more precise movement and constitutes a more difficult task). Hand movement time (MT) and its phases were measured to quantify the aiming task. Mean speed of the center of pressure displacement (COP speed) was calculated to assess postural stability during the movement. Obese children had significantly higher MTs compared to healthy-weight children in seated and standing conditions explained by greater durations of deceleration phase when aiming. Concerning the COP speed during the movement, obese children showed significantly higher values when standing compared to healthy-weight children. This was also observed in the seated position. In conclusion, obesity adds a postural constraint during an aiming task in both seated and standing conditions and requires obese children to take more time to correct their movements due to a greater postural instability of the body when pointing to a target with the upper-limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Boucher
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Grant A Handrigan
- École de kinésiologie et de loisir, Faculté des sciences de la santé et des services communautaires, Université de Moncton, Canada
| | - Isabelle Mackrous
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Olivier Hue
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.
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25
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Melzer I, Oddsson LIE. Altered characteristics of balance control in obese older adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:151-8. [PMID: 26092493 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most significant epidemiological trends of the last decades. Recently it was found that obese individuals show postural instability. Balance control mechanisms in obese older adults were less studied. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effect of obesity on balance control mechanisms in older adults. METHODS Parameters from Stabilogram-Diffusion Analysis (SDA) and measures from summary statistics of foot centre-of-pressure (COP) displacements along the anterior-posterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions in eyes open and eyes closed conditions were used to characterize postural control in 22 obese (30-<35kg/m(2)), 26 overweight (25-<30kg/m(2)), and 18 normal weight subjects (18.5-<25kg/m(2)). RESULTS Obese group subjects demonstrated significantly greater transition displacement, transition time interval, and short-term scaling exponent in the ML-direction compared with the normal weight group (eyes open and closed). In the AP-direction the obese group showed greater transition displacement (eyes open) and short-term scaling exponent (eyes open and closed). Average AP-COP and ML-COP ranges of COP sway were higher in the obese group compared with the normal weight group (eyes open and closed). CONCLUSIONS This work indicates an altered postural control process in obese older adults. A greater sway displacement before closed-loop feedback mechanisms are called into play was seen in the ML direction that may lead to a higher risk of instability and fall events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itshak Melzer
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Technological Leadership Institute College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Lars I E Oddsson
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Technological Leadership Institute College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, United States.
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26
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Kováčiková Z, Svoboda Z, Neumannová K, Bizovská L, Cuberek R, Janura M. Assessment of postural stability in overweight and obese middle-aged women. ACTA GYMNICA 2014. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2014.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Abstract
However quantified, obesity is a global health problem of significant magnitude. The condition is no longer limited to the developed world, with an increasing proportion of low-to-middle income countries burdened by obesity and its comorbidities. Specifically, obesity is a risk factor for a raft of psychosocial, physiological, cardiovascular, and metabolic problems. The carriage of excess body weight, including an unhealthy proportion of body fat, also has important implications for musculoskeletal health. To date, this important relationship has not received as much attention by the research community. Coincidentally, there has been a heightened interest in the role of physical activity and exercise across the lifespan in the prevention, treatment and management of obesity. This paper considers some of the more common musculoskeletal problems in children, adolescents and adults with implications for the overweight and obese and their meaningful engagement in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Shultz
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, 63 Wallace Street, Mt Cook, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- Institute of Sport and Exercise, Bond University, Robina, Australia.
| | - Andrew P Hills
- Centre for Nutrition and Exercise, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.
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28
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Vincent HK, Vincent KR. Considerations for initiating and progressing running programs in obese individuals. PM R 2014; 5:513-9. [PMID: 23790819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Running has rapidly increased in popularity and elicits numerous health benefits, including weight loss. At present, no practical guidelines are available for obese persons who wish to start a running program. This article is a narrative review of the emerging evidence of the musculoskeletal factors to consider in obese patients who wish to initiate a running program and increase its intensity. Main program goals should include gradual weight loss, avoidance of injury, and enjoyment of the exercise. Pre-emptive strengthening exercises can improve the strength of the foot and ankle, hip abductor, quadriceps, and trunk to help support the joints bearing the loads before starting a running program. Depending on the presence of comorbid joint pain, nonimpact exercise or walking (on a flat surface, on an incline, and at high intensity) can be used to initiate the program. For progression to running, intensity or mileage increases should be slow and consistent to prevent musculoskeletal injury. A stepwise transition to running at a rate not exceeding 5%-10% of weekly mileage or duration is reasonable for this population. Intermittent walk-jog programs are also attractive for persons who are not able to sustain running for a long period. Musculoskeletal pain should neither carry over to the next day nor be increased the day after exercising. Rest days in between running sessions may help prevent overuse injury. Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and are now lean can also run, but special foci such as hydration and energy replacement must be considered. In summary, obese persons can run for exercise, provided they follow conservative transitions and progression, schedule rest days, and heed onset of pain symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Vincent
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Research, UF Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, PO Box 112727, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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A Systematic Review of the Relationship between Physical Activities in Sports or Daily Life and Postural Sway in Upright Stance. Sports Med 2013; 43:1171-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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da Silva-Hamu TCD, Formiga CKMR, Gervásio FM, Ribeiro DM, Christofoletti G, de França Barros J. The impact of obesity in the kinematic parameters of gait in young women. Int J Gen Med 2013; 6:507-13. [PMID: 23837005 PMCID: PMC3699163 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s44768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the population, particularly in women. Obesity has an impact on the musculoskeletal system, leading to knee and ankle overexertion, difficulty with balance, and functional disability. The aim of this study was to identify changes in kinematic parameters of gait in obese young women. Methods A case-control study with 24 obese women (mean age 35.20 ± 9.9 years and mean body mass index of 31.85 ± 2.94 kg/m2) and 24 eutrophic women (mean age of 36.33 ± 11.14 and mean body mass index of 21.82 ± 1.58 kg/m2). The gait of women was evaluated by the system Vicon Motus® 9.2. The linear parameters of speed, cadence, right and left step, and stride lengths were studied, as well as the angular parameters of knee and ankle. Results There was a decrease in linear gait parameters (P < 0.001), speed, cadence, right and left step, and stride lengths. In regard to the angular parameters of the knee and ankle, there were also differences between the analyses (P < 0.001). At the knee joint, obese women have delayed onset of the second wave of flexion, exacerbating such movement in order to compensate. In regard to the ankle, both groups showed curves of normal plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, but there was a delay in the path graph in the ankle of obese women indicating a reduced range of motion and possible over-exertion of the pretibial muscles and soleus muscles simultaneously. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that obesity is a factor that negatively influences the kinematic parameters of gait of young women.
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Teasdale N, Simoneau M, Corbeil P, Handrigan G, Tremblay A, Hue O. Obesity Alters Balance and Movement Control. Curr Obes Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13679-013-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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