1
|
Kurnianto RR, Hijmans JM, Greve C, Houdijk H. Human-in-the-loop optimization of rocker shoe to reduce plantar pressure and collision work simultaneously. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 116:106282. [PMID: 38850883 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rocker shoes can be used to reduce foot pressure and adjust lower limb kinetics for various patient population, such as people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Selecting adequate properties of the rocker sole is of great importance for its efficacy. This study investigated the capability of human-in-the-loop optimization (HILO) to individually optimize apex position and angle of rocker shoe to reduce peak pressure and collision work simultaneously. METHODS Peak pressure, kinetic, and kinematic data were recorded from 10 healthy participants while walking at preferred speed wearing rocker shoes with adjustable apex position and angle. An evolutionary algorithm was used to find optimal apex parameters to reduce both peak pressure in medial forefoot and collision work. The optimized shoe (HILO shoe) was compared with generic optimal rocker settings (Chapman settings) and normal shoe. FINDINGS Compared to normal shoe, the HILO shoe had lower plantar pressure (pHILO = 0.007; pChapman = 0.044) and Chapman shoe showed higher collision work (pHILO = 0.025; pChapman = 0.014). Both HILO and Chapman shoe had smaller push-off work than normal shoe (pHILO = 0.001; pChapman < 0.001) with the Chapman shoe exhibited earlier push-off onset (pHILO = 0.257; pChapman = 0.016). INTERPRETATION The Human-in-the-loop optimization approach resulted in individualized apex settings which performed on average similar to Chapman settings but, were superior in selected cases. In these cases, medial forefoot could be further offloaded with apex angles larger than generic settings. The larger apex angle might increase the external ankle moment arm and push-off work. However, there is limited room for improvement on collision work compared to generic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Kurnianto
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Industrial Engineering Department, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - J M Hijmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C Greve
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Houdijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mai P, Robertz L, Robbin J, Bill K, Weir G, Kurz M, Trudeau MB, Hollander K, Hamill J, Willwacher S. Towards functionally individualised designed footwear recommendation for overuse injury prevention: a scoping review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:152. [PMID: 37951935 PMCID: PMC10638717 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Injury prevention is essential in running due to the risk of overuse injury development. Tailoring running shoes to individual needs may be a promising strategy to reduce this risk. Novel manufacturing processes allow the production of individualised running shoes that incorporate features that meet individual biomechanical and experiential needs. However, specific ways to individualise footwear to reduce injury risk are poorly understood. Therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of (1) footwear design features that have the potential for individualisation; and (2) the literature on the differential responses to footwear design features between selected groups of individuals. These purposes focus exclusively on reducing the risk of overuse injuries. We included studies in the English language on adults that analysed: (1) potential interaction effects between footwear design features and subgroups of runners or covariates (e.g., age, sex) for running-related biomechanical risk factors or injury incidences; (2) footwear comfort perception for a systematically modified footwear design feature. Most of the included articles (n = 107) analysed male runners. Female runners may be more susceptible to footwear-induced changes and overuse injury development; future research should target more heterogonous sampling. Several footwear design features (e.g., midsole characteristics, upper, outsole profile) show potential for individualisation. However, the literature addressing individualised footwear solutions and the potential to reduce biomechanical risk factors is limited. Future studies should leverage more extensive data collections considering relevant covariates and subgroups while systematically modifying isolated footwear design features to inform footwear individualisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mai
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany.
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leon Robertz
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johanna Robbin
- Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Bill
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gillian Weir
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Markus Kurz
- Sports Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | | | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia Y, Shen S, Jia SW, Teng J, Gu Y, Fekete G, Korim T, Zhao H, Wei Q, Yang F. Gender differences in footwear characteristics between half and full marathons in China: a cross-sectional survey. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13020. [PMID: 37563273 PMCID: PMC10415251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There are concerns about the risk of injuries caused by marathons in China. Since male and female runners have different injury risks, gender differences in running shoe functionality should be further complemented. A supervised questionnaire survey of 626 marathon runners was collected. The questionnaire was categorized into four sections: (1) participant profile, (2) importance of shoe properties, (3) functional evaluation of shoe properties and (4) importance ranking of shoe properties. The Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test of cross tabulation and Chi-square test, and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the results of this survey. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. The full marathon participants were older than the half marathon participants. There was no gender difference in the importance of shoe features to elite runners. In addition, women are more concerned about upper elasticity and have higher requirements for running shoes than men. Women were more focused on injury prevention, while men were more focused on running performance. Heel cushioning was identified by all participants as the most important running shoe feature. There were no gender differences between elite players' demand for running shoes, but significant gender differences were found between genders at other running levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Xia
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Sheng-Wei Jia
- School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Teng
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Tamás Korim
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Physical Education, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China.
- Department of Physical Education and Research, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Freitag L, Hohenauer E, Meichtry A, Pauli C, Sommer B, Graf E. Effect of submaximal running in rocker shoes on gluteal muscle activation under different running conditions. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
5
|
Lin-Wei Chen T, Wai-Chi Wong D, Peng Y, Wang Y, Kwan-Kei Wong I, Lam TK, Lam WK, Zhang M. The interaction effects of rocker angle and apex location in rocker shoe design on foot biomechanics and Achilles tendon loading. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2021.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
6
|
Ten Wolde IY, van Kouwenhove L, Dekker R, Hijmans JM, Greve C. Effects of rocker radii with two longitudinal bending stiffnesses on plantar pressure distribution in the forefoot. Gait Posture 2021; 90:457-463. [PMID: 34601308 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outsole parameters of the shoe can be adapted to offload regions of pain or region of high pressures. Previous studies already showed reduced plantar pressures in the forefoot due to a proximally placed apex position and higher longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of changes in rocker radii and high LBS on the plantar pressure profile during gait. METHOD 10 participants walked in seven shoe conditions of which one control shoe and six rocker shoes with small, medium and large rocker radii and low and high longitudinal bending stiffness. Pedar in-shoe plantar pressure measuring system was used to quantify plantar pressures while walking on a treadmill at self-selected walking speed. Peak plantar pressure, maximum mean pressure and force-time integral were analyzed with Generalized Estimated Equation (GEE) and Tukey post hoc correction (α = .05). RESULTS Significantly lower plantar pressures were found in the first toe, toes 2-5, distal and proximal forefoot in all rocker shoe conditions as compared to the control shoe. Plantar pressures in the first toe and toes 2-5 were significantly lower in the small radius compared to medium and large radii. For the distal forefoot both small and medium radii significantly reduced plantar pressure compared to large radii. Low LBS reduced plantar pressure at the first toe significantly compared to high LBS independent of the rocker radius. Plantar pressures in the distal forefoot and toes 2-5 were lower in high LBS compared to low LBS. CONCLUSION Manipulation of the rocker radius and LBS can effectively reduce peak plantar pressures in the forefoot region during gait. In line with previous studies, we showed that depending on the exact target location for offloading, different combinations of rocker radius and LBS need to be adopted to maximize treatment effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Y Ten Wolde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L van Kouwenhove
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Dekker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J M Hijmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Greve
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monaghan AS, Monaghan PG, Richmond SB, Roper JA, Fling BW. The effect of shoe cushioning on gait and balance in females with multiple sclerosis. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2593-2603. [PMID: 34212220 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gait and balance deficits are significant concerns for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Shoe cushioning can influence mobility and balance, but its effect on walking and balance remains unknown in MS. This study aimed to determine how shoe cushioning affects gait and balance in females with MS (FwMS). We hypothesized that extra cushioning would improve gait but reduce balance performance. FwMS performed gait (n = 18) and balance (n = 17) assessments instrumented using inertial sensors in two different shoe conditions: a standard-cushioned and an extra-cushioned shoe. Care was taken to ensure minimal differences between shoe types other than midsole cushioning, but shoe construction was not identical between conditions. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were assessed during a 2-min walk test, while postural sway measures were evaluated using the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance. In the extra-cushioned shoe, FwMS spent less time in the double support and stance phase with more time in the single support and swing phase. No differences in stride length, gait speed, or elevation at midswing were observed between shoe conditions. Decreased path length, RMS sway, and sway velocity were observed in the extra-cushioned shoe. No differences were observed in the gait cycle's spatial composition between shoe conditions, but FwMS demonstrated improvements in the gait cycle's temporal parameters and postural sway in the extra-cushioned shoe. This may suggest a less cautious walking strategy and improved balance when wearing a shoe with extra cushioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Monaghan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Sutton B Richmond
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jamie A Roper
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Brett W Fling
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Room 220 Moby Complex, 951 Plum Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA. .,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van Kouwenhove L, Verkerke GJ, Postema K, Dekker R, Hijmans JM. Effect of different forefoot rocker radii on lower-limb joint biomechanics in healthy individuals. Gait Posture 2021; 86:150-156. [PMID: 33725583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies showed that rocker shoes with a stiff forefoot rocker profile significantly reduce peak plantar flexion moment at the ankle (PFM) and peak ankle dorsiflexion (DF). Both parameters are related to Achilles tendon and Plantar Fascia unloading. The shape of an outsole with a forefoot rocker is described with multiple rocker design parameters. The aim of this research is, to determine the relation between different forefoot rocker radii on peak DF and peak PFM at a self-selected walking speed. METHODS 10 participants walked in standard shoes and three experimental pairs of shoes with different forefoot rocker radii. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were collected while walking on an instrumented treadmill at preferred walking speed and analysed with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) (α = .05; post-hoc α = .05/6). RESULTS Peak value analyses showed significant decreases in peak DF, peak PFM, and peak ankle power generation for the rocker conditions. No relevant significant differences were found in spatio-temporal parameters and total work at the ankle joint. SPM showed a significant decrease (% gait cycle) in DF (40-69 %), PFM (7-15 %; 41-68 %; 69-81 %), ankle power (10-15 %; 32-51 %; 55-64 %; 64-67 %; 72-80 %) and foot-to-horizontal angle (FHA) (0-4 %; 40-62 %; 92-100 %) and an increased shank-to-vertical angle (SVA) (44-84 %) for the rocker conditions. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that rocker shoes with a proximally placed apex significantly reduce DF and PFM during the third rocker compared with control shoes. This effect is mainly explained by a change in the FHA. Smaller radii cause the largest reductions in DF and PFM, so therefore, a uniform standardisation of the forefoot rocker radius is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L van Kouwenhove
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - G J Verkerke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - K Postema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Dekker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J M Hijmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoitz F, Mohr M, Asmussen M, Lam WK, Nigg S, Nigg B. The effects of systematically altered footwear features on biomechanics, injury, performance, and preference in runners of different skill level: a systematic review. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2020.1773936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hoitz
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maurice Mohr
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Sports Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Asmussen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sandro Nigg
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benno Nigg
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhyani M, Singla D, Ahmad I, Hussain ME, Ali K, Verma S. Effect of Rocker Soled Shoe Design on Walking Economy in Females with Pes Planus. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:YC01-YC04. [PMID: 29207819 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26129.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The energy cost is increased during walking in pes planus condition whereas, energy cost during walking using rocker bottom shoes is debatable. Aim To determine the walking economy with rocker soled shoes, when compared with bare feet walking in females with pes planus over treadmill. Materials and Methods Seventeen collegiate flat footed females aged 18-25 years were recruited in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were asked to walk barefooted and with rocker soled shoes on treadmill for four minutes at a speed of 3.8 km/hour. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured directly using PowerLab 8/35 data acquisition system with Lab Chart Pro (AD Instruments, Australia) one minute before walking, four minutes during walking and one minute after walking. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was taken after termination of walking. Results VO2 during barefoot walking was significantly lower than rocker soled shoe walking during four-five minutes (p<0.001) and during recovery (p=0.04). RPE is significantly lower during barefoot walking than rocker soled shoe walking (p<0.001) over treadmill. Conclusion Oxygen consumption and RPE were increased during walking with rocker soled shoe design in comparison to bare feet walking over treadmill at same speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Dhyani
- Researcher, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Singla
- Researcher, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Researcher, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| | - M Ejaz Hussain
- Professor and Director, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| | - Kamran Ali
- Researcher, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Researcher, Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reints R, Hijmans JM, Burgerhof JGM, Postema K, Verkerke GJ. Effects of flexible and rigid rocker profiles on in-shoe pressure. Gait Posture 2017; 58:287-293. [PMID: 28843185 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Rocker profiles are commonly used in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. Rockers are mostly stiffened to restrict toe plantarflexion to ensure proper offloading. It is also described that toe dorsiflexion should be restricted. However, the difference in effect on plantar pressure between rigid rockers that restrict this motion and flexible rockers that do not is unknown. In-shoe plantar pressure data were collected for a control shoe and the same shoe with rigid and flexible rockers with the apex positioned at 50% and 60%. For 29 healthy female adults peak plantar pressure (PP), maximum mean pressure (MMP) and force-time integral (FTI) were determined for seven regions of the foot. Generalized estimate equation was used to analyse the effect of the different shoes on the outcome measures for these regions. Compared to the control shoe a significant increase of PP and FTI was found at the first toe for both rigid rockers and the flexible rocker with the apex positioned at 60%, while MMP was significantly increased in rockers with an apex position of 60% (p<0.001). PP at the first toe was significantly lower in flexible rockers when compared to rigid rockers (p<0.001). For both central and lateral forefoot PP and MMP were significantly more reduced in rigid rockers (p<0.001), while for the medial forefoot no differences were found. The use of rigid rockers results in larger reductions of forefoot plantar pressures, but in worse increase of plantar pressures at the first toe compared to rockers that allow toe dorsiflexion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Reints
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Juha M Hijmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G M Burgerhof
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Postema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus J Verkerke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bertelsen ML, Hulme A, Petersen J, Brund RK, Sørensen H, Finch CF, Parner ET, Nielsen RO. A framework for the etiology of running-related injuries. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:1170-1180. [PMID: 28329441 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of running-related injury is important to consider as the effectiveness of a given running-related injury prevention intervention is dependent on whether etiologic factors are readily modifiable and consistent with a biologically plausible causal mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of the present article was to present an evidence-informed conceptual framework outlining the multifactorial nature of running-related injury etiology. In the framework, four mutually exclusive parts are presented: (a) Structure-specific capacity when entering a running session; (b) structure-specific cumulative load per running session; (c) reduction in the structure-specific capacity during a running session; and (d) exceeding the structure-specific capacity. The framework can then be used to inform the design of future running-related injury prevention studies, including the formation of research questions and hypotheses, as well as the monitoring of participation-related and non-participation-related exposures. In addition, future research applications should focus on addressing how changes in one or more exposures influence the risk of running-related injury. This necessitates the investigation of how different factors affect the structure-specific load and/or the load capacity, and the dose-response relationship between running participation and injury risk. Ultimately, this direction allows researchers to move beyond traditional risk factor identification to produce research findings that are not only reliably reported in terms of the observed cause-effect association, but also translatable in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Bertelsen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A Hulme
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Vic., Australia
| | - J Petersen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R K Brund
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, SMI®, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - H Sørensen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C F Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Vic., Australia
| | - E T Parner
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R O Nielsen
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sobhani S, van den Heuvel ER, Dekker R, Postema K, Kluitenberg B, Bredeweg SW, Hijmans JM. Biomechanics of running with rocker shoes. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
The use of inserts and orthopedic shoe adjustment represents an essential component of the conservative therapy of degenerative diseases and deformities of the musculoskeletal system. Inserts can have supportive, bedding and corrective effects and are used in particular for complaints of the feet and ankles. The combination of diverse materials allows a high level of cushioning and supporting features and corresponding longevity to be accomplished. The production is carried out on an individual basis and if necessary computer-assisted in order to achieve an optimal fit. For severe and rigid deformities the formation of pressure ulcers can be prevented by orthopedic shoe adjustment and by the use of orthopedic tailor-made shoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Schuh
- Univ.-Klinik f. Orthopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| | - R Windhager
- Univ.-Klinik f. Orthopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stief T, Peikenkamp K. A new insole measurement system to detect bending and torsional moments at the human foot during footwear condition: a technical report. J Foot Ankle Res 2015; 8:49. [PMID: 26357526 PMCID: PMC4563844 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-015-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress occurring at the feet while wearing footwear is often determined using pressure measurement systems. However, other forms of stress, such as bending, torsional and shear loadings, cannot be detected in shoes during day-to-day activities. Nevertheless, the detection of these types of stresses would be helpful for understanding the mechanical aspects of various kinds of hard and soft tissue injuries. Therefore, we describe the development of a new measuring device that allows the reliable determination of bending and torsional load at the foot in shoes. Methods The system consists of a measuring insole and an analogue device with Bluetooth interface. The specific shape of the insole base layer, the positions of the strain gauges, and the interconnections between them have all been selected in such a way so as to isolate bending and torsional moment detections in the medial and lateral metatarsal region. The system was calibrated using a classical two-point test procedure. A single case study was executed to evaluate the new device for practical use. This application consisted of one subject wearing neutral shoes walking on a treadmill. Results The calibration results (coefficients of determination R2 > 0.999) show that bending and torsional load can be reliably detected using the measurement system presented. In the single case study, alternating bending and torsional load can be detected during walking, and the shape of the detected bending moments can be confirmed by the measurements of Arndt et al. (J Biomech 35:621–8, 2002). Conclusions Despite some limitations, the presented device allows for the reliable determination of bending and torsional stresses at the foot in shoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stief
- Registered Association for the Encouragement of Research and Education Management in Orthopedic Footwear Technologies Germany, Ricklinger Stadtweg 92, D-301459 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Peikenkamp
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Bürgerkamp 3, D-48565 Steinfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trudeau MB, von Tscharner V, Vienneau J, Hoerzer S, Nigg BM. Assessing Footwear Effects from Principal Features of Plantar Loading during Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:1988-96. [PMID: 25628177 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of footwear on the musculoskeletal system are commonly assessed by interpreting the resultant force at the foot during the stance phase of running. However, this approach overlooks loading patterns across the entire foot. An alternative technique for assessing foot loading across different footwear conditions is possible using comprehensive analysis tools that extract different foot loading features, thus enhancing the functional interpretation of the differences across different interventions. The purpose of this article was to use pattern recognition techniques to develop and use a novel comprehensive method for assessing the effects of different footwear interventions on plantar loading. METHODS A principal component analysis was used to extract different loading features from the stance phase of running, and a support vector machine (SVM) was used to determine whether and how these loading features were different across three shoe conditions. RESULTS The results revealed distinct loading features at the foot during the stance phase of running. The loading features determined from the principal component analysis allowed successful classification of all three shoe conditions using the SVM. Several differences were found in the location and timing of the loading across each pairwise shoe comparison using the output from the SVM. CONCLUSIONS The analysis approach proposed can successfully be used to compare different loading patterns with a much greater resolution than has been reported previously. This study has several important applications. One such application is that it would not be relevant for a user to select a shoe or for a manufacturer to alter a shoe's construction if the classification across shoe conditions would not have been significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu B Trudeau
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schuh R, Seegmueller J, Wanivenhaus AH, Windhager R, Sabeti-Aschraf M. Comparison of plantar-pressure distribution and clinical impact of anatomically shaped sandals, off-the-shelf sandals and normal walking shoes in patients with central metatarsalgia. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:2281-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|