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Jensen AJ, Flood PDL, Palm-Vlasak LS, Burton WS, Chevalier A, Rullkoetter PJ, Banks SA. Joint Track Machine Learning: An Autonomous Method of Measuring Total Knee Arthroplasty Kinematics From Single-Plane X-Ray Images. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:2068-2074. [PMID: 37236287 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic radiographic measurements of 3-dimensional (3-D) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) kinematics have provided important information for implant design and surgical technique for over 30 years. However, current methods of measuring TKA kinematics are too cumbersome, inaccurate, or time-consuming for practical clinical application. Even state-of-the-art techniques require human-supervision to obtain clinically reliable kinematics. Eliminating human supervision could potentially make this technology practical for clinical use. METHODS We demonstrate a fully autonomous pipeline for quantifying 3D-TKA kinematics from single-plane radiographic imaging. First, a convolutional neural network (CNN) segmented the femoral and tibial implants from the image. Second, those segmented images were compared to precomputed shape libraries for initial pose estimates. Lastly, a numerical optimization routine aligned 3D implant contours and fluoroscopic images to obtain the final implant poses. RESULTS The autonomous technique reliably produces kinematic measurements comparable to human-supervised measures, with root-mean-squared differences of less than 0.7 mm and 4° for our test data, and 0.8 mm and 1.7° for external validation studies. CONCLUSION A fully autonomous method to measure 3D-TKA kinematics from single-plane radiographic images produces results equivalent to a human-supervised method, and may soon make it practical to perform these measurements in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Jensen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Paris D L Flood
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lindsey S Palm-Vlasak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - William S Burton
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Amélie Chevalier
- Electromechanical, Systems and Metals Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Electromechanics, CoSysLab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; AnSyMo/Cosys, Flanders Make, The Strategic Research Centre for the Manufacturing Industry, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul J Rullkoetter
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Scott A Banks
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Broberg JS, Chen J, Jensen A, Banks SA, Teeter MG. Validation of a machine learning technique for segmentation and pose estimation in single plane fluoroscopy. J Orthop Res 2023. [PMID: 36691875 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Kinematics of total knee replacements (TKR) play an important role in assessing the success of a procedure and would be a valuable addition to clinical practice; however, measuring TKR kinematics is time consuming and labour intensive. Recently, an automatic single-plane fluoroscopic method utilizing machine learning has been developed to facilitate a quick and simple process for measuring TKR kinematics. This study aimed to validate the new automatic single-plane technique using biplanar radiostereometric analysis (RSA) as the gold standard. Twenty-four knees were imaged at various angles of flexion in a dedicated RSA lab and 113 image pairs were obtained. Only the lateral RSA images were used for the automatic single-plane technique to simulate single-plane fluoroscopy. Two networks helped automate the kinematics measurement process, one segmented implant components and the other generated an initial pose estimate for the optimization algorithm. Kinematics obtained via the automatic single plane and manual biplane techniques were compared using root-mean-square error and Bland-Altman plots. Two observers measured the kinematics using the automated technique and results were compared with assess reproducibility. Root-mean-square errors were 0.8 mm for anterior-posterior translation, 0.5 mm for superior-inferior translation, 2.6 mm for medial-lateral translation, 1.0° for flexion-extension, 1.2° for abduction-adduction, and 1.7° for internal-external rotation. Reproducibility, reported as root-mean-square errors between operator measurements, was submillimeter for in-plane translations and below 2° for all rotations. Clinical Significance: The advantages of the automated single plane technique should aid in the kinematic measurement process and help researchers and clinicians perform TKR kinematic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Broberg
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Surgical Innovation Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Joanna Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Andrew Jensen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott A Banks
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew G Teeter
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Surgical Innovation Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
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Maikos JT, Chomack JM, Loan JP, Bradley KM, D'Andrea SE. Effects of Prosthetic Socket Design on Residual Femur Motion Using Dynamic Stereo X-Ray - A Preliminary Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:697651. [PMID: 34447740 PMCID: PMC8383143 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.697651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with transfemoral amputation experience relative motion between their residual limb and prosthetic socket, which can cause inefficient dynamic load transmission and secondary comorbidities that limit mobility. Accurately measuring the relative position and orientation of the residual limb relative to the prosthetic socket during dynamic activities can provide great insight into the complex mechanics of the socket/limb interface. Five participants with transfemoral amputation were recruited for this study. All participants had a well-fitting, ischial containment socket and were also fit with a compression/release stabilization socket. Participants underwent an 8-wk, randomized crossover trial to compare differences between socket types. Dynamic stereo x-ray was used to quantify three-dimensional residual bone kinematics relative to the prosthetic socket during treadmill walking at self-selected speed. Comfort, satisfaction, and utility were also assessed. There were no significant differences in relative femur kinematics between socket types in the three rotational degrees of freedom, as well as anterior-posterior and medial-lateral translation (p > 0.05). The ischial containment socket demonstrated significantly less proximal-distal translation (pistoning) of the femur compared to the compression/release stabilization socket during the gait cycle (p < 0.05), suggesting that the compression/release stabilization socket provided less control of the residual femur during distal translation. No significant differences in comfort and utility were found between socket types (p > 0.05). The quantitative, dynamic analytical tools used in the study were sensitive to distinguish differences in three-dimensional residual femur motion between two socket types, which can serve as a platform for future comparative effectiveness studies of socket technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Maikos
- VISN 2 Biomechanics Research for the Advancement of Veteran Outcomes Laboratory, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - John M Chomack
- VISN 2 Biomechanics Research for the Advancement of Veteran Outcomes Laboratory, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Susan E D'Andrea
- Virtual Reality and Motion Analysis Rehabilitation Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
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Lin CC, Wang SN, Lu M, Chao TY, Lu TW, Wu CH. Description of soft tissue artifacts and related consequences on hindlimb kinematics during canine gait. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9379. [PMID: 32617192 PMCID: PMC7323716 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soft tissue artifacts (STAs) are a source of error in marker-based gait analysis in dogs. While some studies have revealed the existence of STAs in the canine hindlimb, STAs and their influence on kinematic gait analysis remain unclear. Methods Thirteen healthy Taiwan dogs affixed with twenty skin markers on the thigh and crus were recruited. Soft tissue artifacts and their influence on the determination of segment poses and stifle angles were assessed by simultaneously measuring marker trajectories and kinematics of the underlying bones via a model-based fluoroscopic analysis method. Results Markers on the thigh showed higher STAs than those on the crus, with root-mean-square amplitudes up to 15.5 mm. None of the tested marker clusters were able to accurately reproduce the skeletal poses, in which the maximum root-mean-square deviations ranged from 3.4° to 8.1°. The use of markers resulted in overestimated stifle flexion during 40–60% of the gait cycle and underestimated stifle flexion during 80–90% of the gait cycle. Conclusions Considerable magnitudes and effects of STAs on the marker-based 3D gait analysis of dogs were demonstrated. The results indicate that the development of error-compensation techniques based on knowledge regarding STAs is warranted for more accurate gait analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Nuan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chao
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin CC, Zhang S, Hsu CY, Frahm J, Lu TW, Shih TF. Measuring three-dimensional tibiofemoral kinematics using dual-slice real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Med Phys 2019; 46:4588-4599. [PMID: 31408532 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to propose and evaluate a slice-to-volume registration (SVR) method integrating an advanced dual-slice real-time magnetic resonance image (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) MRI volume of the tibiofemoral joint for determining their 3D kinematics. METHODS The real-time and 3D MRI of the knee were collected from 12 healthy adults at 5 static flexion positions and during dynamic flexion/extension movement. The 3D positions and orientations of the femur and tibia were obtained by registering their volumetric models constructed from the 3D MRI to dual-slice real-time MRI using an optimization process. The proposed method was quantitatively evaluated for its performance in terms of the robustness and measurement accuracy, and compared to those of a single-slice SVR method. Its repeatability in measuring knee kinematics during flexion/extension movement was also determined. RESULTS In comparison to the single-slice SVR method, the dual-slice method was significantly superior, giving a successful registration rate > 95%, a bias less than 0.5 mm in translations and 0.6° in rotations and a precision <0.7 mm in translations and 0.9° in rotations for determining the 3D tibiofemoral poses. For repeatability of the dual-slice SVR in measuring tibiofemoral kinematics during dynamic flexion/extension, the means of the time-averaged standard deviations were <0.9° for joint angles and 0.5 mm for joint translations. CONCLUSION A dual-slice SVR method in conjunction with real-time MRI has been developed and evaluated for its performance in measuring 3D kinematics of the tibiofemoral joint in 12 young adults in terms of the accuracy, robustness, and repeatability. The proposed MRI-based 3D measurement method provides a noninvasive and ionizing radiation-free approach for 3D kinematic measurement of the tibiofemoral joint, which will be helpful for future academic and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institute für biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, 37070, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chao-Yu Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institute für biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, 37070, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Shih
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
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Lu M, Lin CC, Lu TW, Wang SN, Wu CH. Effects of soft tissue artefacts on computed segmental and stifle kinematics in canine motion analysis. Vet Rec 2019; 186:66. [PMID: 31409754 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Skin marker-based motion analysis has been widely used to evaluate the functional performance of canine gait and posture. However, the interference of soft tissues between markers and the underlying bones (soft tissue artefacts, STAs) may lead to errors in kinematics measurements. Currently, no optimal marker attachment sites and cluster compositions are recommended for canine gait analysis. The current study aims to evaluate cluster-level STAs and the effects of cluster compositions on the computed stifle kinematics. Ten mixed-breed healthy dogs affixed with 19 retroreflective markers on the thigh and shank were enrolled. During isolated stifle passive extension, the marker trajectories were acquired with a motion capture system, and the skeletal poses were determined by integrating fluoroscopic and CT images of the bones. The cluster-level STAs were assessed, and clusters were paired to calculate the stifle kinematics. A selection of cluster compositions was useful for deriving accurate sagittal and frontal plane stifle kinematics with flexion angles below 50 per cent of the range of motion. The findings contribute to improved knowledge of canine STAs and their influence on motion measurements. The marker composition with the smallest error in describing joint kinematics is recommended for future applications and study in dogs during dynamic gait assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Nuan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan Univeristy, Taipei, Taiwan .,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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WANG SHANGCHENG, LIU ZHIHONG, FENG JIANMING, DENG LIANFU, ZHENG NAIQUANNIGEL. COMPARING TRANSVERSE PLANE BIOMECHANICS BETWEEN FIXED- AND MOBILE-BEARING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY DURING LEVEL WALKING, STAIR NEGOTIATION AND PIVOTING. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared with fixed-bearing (FB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), mobile-bearing (MB) TKA may promote knee rotation and reduce rotational load at bone–implant interface. Unfortunately, this hypothesis has not been examined with neither knee rotation during stance of pivoting nor knee rotational moment during activities other than level walking. This study used 3D motion analysis to obtain the rotation of tibia relative to the femur and knee rotation moment during stance phase of level walking, stair ascent/descent, step and spin turn for 17 FB, 20[Formula: see text]MB and 28 healthy knees. Statistical comparisons revealed that transverse plane biomechanics was similar between MB and FB knees. Compared with healthy knees ([Formula: see text]), both FB ([Formula: see text]) and MB knees ([Formula: see text]) reduced internal rotation during step turn at early stance. During spin turn, FB knees ([Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text]) reduced internal rotation at late stance, whereas MB knees ([Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text]) reduced external rotation at early stance. MB knees (0.064% and 0.126% body weight [Formula: see text] height) had lower peak external rotation moments during early stance phase of both level walking and spin turn than healthy knees (0.108% and 0.238% body weight [Formula: see text] height). Using FB for TKA surgery without bias and step-turn strategy for pivoting were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHANGCHENG WANG
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - ZHIHONG LIU
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - JIANMING FENG
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - LIANFU DENG
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - NAIQUAN NIGEL ZHENG
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Center of Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Lin CC, Chang CL, Lu M, Lu TW, Wu CH. Quantification of three-dimensional soft tissue artifacts in the canine hindlimb during passive stifle motion. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:389. [PMID: 30522489 PMCID: PMC6284316 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional joint kinematics during canine locomotion are commonly measured using skin marker-based stereophotogrammetry technologies. However, marker-related errors caused by the displacement of the skin surface relative to the underlying bones (i.e., soft tissue artifacts, STA) may affect the accuracy of the measurements and obscure clinically relevant information. Few studies have assessed STA in canine limbs during kinematic analysis. The magnitudes and patterns of the STA and their influence on kinematic analysis remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to quantify the in vivo STA of skin markers on the canine thigh and crus during passive joint motion. The stifle joints of ten dogs were passively extended while the skin markers were measured using a motion capture system, and skeletal kinematics were determined using a CT-to-fluoroscopic image registration method. Results The skin markers exhibited considerable STA relative to the underlying bones, with a peak amplitude of 27.4 mm for thigh markers and 28.7 mm for crus markers; however, the amplitudes and displacement directions at different attachment sites were inconsistent. The markers on the cranial thigh and lateral crus closer to the stifle joint had greater STA amplitudes in comparison to those of other markers. Most markers had STA with linear and quadratic patterns against the stifle flexion angles. These STA resulted in underestimated flexion angles but overestimated adduction and internal rotation when the stifle was flexed to greater than 90°. Conclusions Marker displacements relative to the underlying bones were prominent in the cranial aspect of the thigh and the proximal-lateral aspect of the crus. The calculated stifle kinematic variables were also affected by the STA. These findings can provide a reference for marker selection in canine motion analysis for similar motion tasks and clarify the relationship between STA patterns and stifle kinematics; the results may therefore contribute to the development of STA models and compensation techniques for canine motion analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1714-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Niu K, Homminga J, Sluiter V, Sprengers A, Verdonschot N. Measuring relative positions and orientations of the tibia with respect to the femur using one-channel 3D-tracked A-mode ultrasound tracking system: A cadaveric study. Med Eng Phys 2018; 57:61-68. [PMID: 29759948 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the technical feasibility of measuring relative positions and orientations of the tibia with respect to the femur in an in-vitro experiment by using a 3D-tracked A-mode ultrasound system and to determine its accuracy of angular and translational measurements. As A-mode ultrasound is capable of detecting bone surface through soft tissue in a non-invasive manner, the combination of a single A-mode ultrasound transducer with an optical motion tracking system provides the possibility for digitizing the 3D locations of bony points at different anatomical regions on the thigh and the shank. After measuring bony points over a large area of both the femur and tibia, the bone models of the femur and tibia that were segmented from CT or MRI images were registered to the corresponding bony points. Then the relative position of the tibia with respect to the femur could be obtained and the angular and translational components could also be measured. A cadaveric experiment was conducted to assess its accuracy compared to the reference measurement obtained by optical markers fixed to intra-cortical bone pins placed in the femur and tibia. The results showed that the ultrasound system could achieve 0.49 ± 0.83°, 0.85 ± 1.86° and 1.85 ± 2.78° (mean ± standard deviation) errors for Flexion-Extension, Adduction-Abduction and External-Internal rotations, respectively, and -2.22 ± 3.62 mm, -2.80 ± 2.35 mm and -1.44 ± 2.90 mm errors for Anterior-Posterior, Proximal-Distal and Lateral-Medial translations, respectively. It was concluded that this technique is feasible and facilitates the integration of arrays of A-mode ultrasound transducers with an optical motion tracking system for non-invasive dynamic tibiofemoral kinematics measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Niu
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasper Homminga
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Sluiter
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - André Sprengers
- Orthopaedic Research Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; Orthopaedic Research Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Clément J, de Guise JA, Fuentes A, Hagemeister N. Comparison of soft tissue artifact and its effects on knee kinematics between non-obese and obese subjects performing a squatting activity recorded using an exoskeleton. Gait Posture 2018; 61:197-203. [PMID: 29353745 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigid attachment systems are one of the methods used to compensate for soft tissue artifact (STA) inherent in joint motion analyses. RESEARCH QUESTION The goal of this study was to quantify STA of an exoskeleton design to reduce STA at the knee, and to assess the accuracy of 3D knee kinematics recorded with the exoskeleton in non-obese and obese subjects during quasi-static weight-bearing squatting activity using biplane radiography. METHODS Nine non-obese and eight obese subjects were recruited. The exoskeleton was calibrated on each subject before they performed a quasistatic squatting activity in the EOS® imaging system. 3D models of exoskeleton markers and knee bones were reconstructed from EOS® radiographs; they served to quantify STA and to evaluate differences between the markers and bones knee kinematics during the squatting activity. RESULTS The results showed that STA observed at the femur was larger in non-obese subjects than in obese subjects in frontal rotation (p = 0.004), axial rotation (p = 0.000), medio-lateral displacement (p = 0.000) and antero-posterior displacement (p = 0.019), while STA observed at the tibia was lower in non-obese subjects than in obese subjects for the three rotations (p < 0.05) and medio-lateral displacement (p = 0.015). Differences between the markers and bones knee kinematics increased with knee flexion and were similar in both groups, except for abduction-adduction: 4.9° for non-obese subjects against 2.3° for obese subjects (p = 0.011). SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that STA at the femur and its impact on knee abduction-adduction using a specific exoskeleton were greater among non-obese subjects than obese subjects, which is encouraging for future biomechanical studies on pathologies such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clément
- Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie et orthopédie, École de technologie supérieur, CRCHUM, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Que H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Jaques A de Guise
- Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie et orthopédie, École de technologie supérieur, CRCHUM, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Que H2X 0A9, Canada; École de Technologie Supérieure, Département du génie de la production automatisée, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Que H2L 2W5, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Fuentes
- Centre du genou EMOVI, 3095 Laval Autoroute West, Laval, Que H7P 4W5, Canada.
| | - Nicola Hagemeister
- Laboratoire de recherche en imagerie et orthopédie, École de technologie supérieur, CRCHUM, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Que H2X 0A9, Canada; École de Technologie Supérieure, Département du génie de la production automatisée, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Que H2L 2W5, Canada.
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Charbonnier C, Chagué S, Kolo FC, Duthon VB, Menetrey J. Multi-body optimization with subject-specific knee models: performance at high knee flexion angles. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:1571-1579. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1390568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Chagué
- Medical Research Department, Artanim Foundation, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - Victoria B. Duthon
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Médecine de l’appareil locomoteur et du sport, Orthopedics and Trauma Service, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Menetrey
- Centre de Médecine de l’appareil locomoteur et du sport, Orthopedics and Trauma Service, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Analytical study of the effects of soft tissue artefacts on functional techniques to define axes of rotation. J Biomech 2017; 62:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li JD, Lu TW, Lin CC, Kuo MY, Hsu HC, Shen WC. Soft tissue artefacts of skin markers on the lower limb during cycling: Effects of joint angles and pedal resistance. J Biomech 2017; 62:27-38. [PMID: 28410738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue artefacts (STA) are a major error source in skin marker-based measurement of human movement, and are difficult to eliminate non-invasively. The current study quantified in vivo the STA of skin markers on the thigh and shank during cycling, and studied the effects of knee angles and pedal resistance by using integrated 3D fluoroscopy and stereophotogrammetry. Fifteen young healthy adults performed stationary cycling with and without pedal resistance, while the marker data were measured using a motion capture system, and the motions of the femur and tibia/fibula were recorded using a bi-plane fluoroscopy-to-CT registration method. The STAs with respect to crank and knee angles over the pedaling cycle, as well as the within-cycle variations, were obtained and compared between resistance conditions. The thigh markers showed greater STA than the shank ones, the latter varying linearly with adjacent joint angles, the former non-linearly with greater within-cycle variability. Both STA magnitudes and within-cycle variability were significantly affected by pedal resistance (p<0.05). The STAs appeared to be composed of one component providing the stable and consistent STA patterns and another causing their variations. Mid-segment markers experienced smaller STA ranges than those closer to a joint, but tended to have greater variations primarily associated with pedal resistance and muscle contractions. The current data will be helpful for a better choice of marker positions for data collection, and for developing methods to compensate for both stable and variation components of the STA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Da Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheng-Chung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Ying Kuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wu-Chung Shen
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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