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Stahl CA, Regni G, Tanguay J, McElfresh M, Trihy E, Diggin D, King DL. A Biomechanical Comparison of the Back Squat and Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:815-824. [PMID: 38662880 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stahl, CA, Regni, G, Tanguay, J, McElfresh, M, Trihy, E, Diggin, D, and King, DL. A biomechanical comparison of the back squat and hexagonal barbell deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 815-824, 2024-Coaches often use different exercises to encourage similar strength adaptations and limit monotony. Anecdotally, the hexagonal barbell deadlift (HBD) exhibits similarities to the back squat (BS). To date, research has not examined the empirical differences between these exercises. This study examined kinematic and kinetic differences between the BS and the HBD across different loads. Sixteen resistance-trained individuals (6 men and 10 women) volunteered to participate. Subjects performed 1-repetition maximum (1RM) testing under BS and HBD conditions. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during performance of both exercises at submaximal (warm-up sets) and maximal (1RM) loads using a 3D motion capture and force-plate system. Results showed that subjects lifted greater 1RM loads in the HBD relative to the BS (p < 0.05; d = -1.75). Kinematic data indicated that subjects exhibited greater maximum forward lean of the trunk and decreased maximum knee flexion while performing the HBD compared with the BS. The BS resulted in higher maximum extension moments at the hip joint than the HBD. Maximum extension moments at the knee joint showed no difference between the exercises. Data suggest that bar design and position facilitate balanced moment arm length at hip and knee joints during performance of the HBD. By contrast, bar position during performance of the BS increases moment arm length at the hip joint, making it a hip-dominant exercise. The present data have implications for the programming of both exercises. Future research should examine differences in muscle-activation strategies between the 2 exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Stahl
- School of Kinesiology Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Giancarlo Regni
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Biomechanics Laboratory, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jonathan Tanguay
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Biomechanics Laboratory, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York
| | - Maddie McElfresh
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Biomechanics Laboratory, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York
| | - Eoghan Trihy
- University of Western Australia, Parkway, Crawley, Australia; and
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, Australia
| | - David Diggin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Biomechanics Laboratory, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York
| | - Deborah L King
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Biomechanics Laboratory, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York
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2
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Desai R, Martelli D, Alomar JA, Agrawal S, Quinn L, Bishop L. Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units for gait assessment within a post stroke population. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:235-243. [PMID: 37545107 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2240584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to objectively measure spatiotemporal metrics within individuals post-stroke is integral to plan appropriate intervention, track recovery, and ultimately improve efficacy of rehabilitation programs. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide a means to systematically collect gait-specific metrics that could not otherwise be obtained from clinical outcomes. However, the use of IMUs to measure spatiotemporal parameters in stroke survivors has yet to be validated. The purpose of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of IMU-recorded spatiotemporal gait metrics as compared to a motion capture camera system (MCCS) in individuals post-stroke. METHODS Participants (n = 23, M/F = 12/11, mean (SD) age = 50.2(11.1) spatiotemporal data were collected simultaneously from a MCCS and APDM Opal IMUs during a five-minute treadmill walking task at a self-selected speed. Criterion validity and test-retest reliability were assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), respectively. Spatiotemporal values from MCCS and IMU were used to calculate gait asymmetry, and a t-test was used to assess the difference between asymmetry values. RESULTS There were fair-to-excellent agreement between IMU and MCCS of temporal parameters (CCC 0.56-0.98), excellent agreement of spatial parameters (CCC >0.90), and excellent test-retest reliability for all parameters (ICC >0.90). CONCLUSIONS Compared to motion capture, the APDM Opal IMUs produced accurate and reliable measures of spatiotemporal parameters. Findings support the use of IMUs to assess spatiotemporal parameters in individual's post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Desai
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dario Martelli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jehan A Alomar
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauri Bishop
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Das K, de Paula Oliveira T, Newell J. Comparison of markerless and marker-based motion capture systems using 95% functional limits of agreement in a linear mixed-effects modelling framework. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22880. [PMID: 38129434 PMCID: PMC10739832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomechanics analysis of human movement has been proven useful for maintenance of health, injury prevention, and rehabilitation in both sports and clinical populations. A marker-based motion capture system is considered the gold standard method of measurement for three dimensional kinematics measurements. However, the application of markers to anatomical bony points is a time consuming process and constrained by inter-, intra-tester and session reliability issues. The emergence of novel markerless motion capture systems without the use of reflective markers is a rapidly growing field in motion analysis. However an assessment of the level of agreement of a markerless system with an established gold standard marker-based system is needed to ensure the applicability of a markerless system. An extra layer of complexity is involved as the kinematics measurements are functional responses. In this paper a new approach is proposed to generate 95% functional limits of agreement (fLoA) using the linear mixed-effects modelling framework for hierarchical study designs. This approach is attractive as it will allow practitioners to extend their use of linear mixed models to assess agreement in method comparison studies in all domains where functional responses are recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Das
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | | | - John Newell
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- The Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Lee R, Akhundov R, James C, Edwards S, Snodgrass SJ. Variations in Concurrent Validity of Two Independent Inertial Measurement Units Compared to Gold Standard for Upper Body Posture during Computerised Device Use. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6761. [PMID: 37571544 PMCID: PMC10422555 DOI: 10.3390/s23156761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) may provide an objective method for measuring posture during computer use, but research is needed to validate IMUs' accuracy. We examine the concurrent validity of two different IMU systems in measuring three-dimensional (3D) upper body posture relative to a motion capture system (Mocap) as a potential device to assess postures outside a laboratory environment. We used 3D Mocap and two IMU systems (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) to capture the upper body posture of twenty-six individuals during three physical computer working conditions (monitor correct, monitor raised, and laptop). Coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) compared IMUs to Mocap. Head/neck segment [HN], upper trunk segment [UTS], and joint angle [HN-UTS] were the primary variables. Wi-Fi IMUs demonstrated high validity for HN and UTS (sagittal plane) and HN-UTS (frontal plane) for all conditions, and for HN rotation movements (both for the monitor correct and monitor raised conditions), others moderate to poor. Bluetooth IMUs for HN, and UTS (sagittal plane) for the monitor correct, laptop, and monitor raised conditions were moderate. Frontal plane movements except UTS (monitor correct and laptop) and all rotation had poor validity. Both IMU systems were affected by gyroscopic drift with sporadic data loss in Bluetooth IMUs. Wi-Fi IMUs had more acceptable accuracy when measuring upper body posture during computer use compared to Mocap, except for trunk rotations. Variation in IMU systems' performance suggests validation in the task-specific movement(s) is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lee
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Riad Akhundov
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Carole James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suzi Edwards
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Snodgrass
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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5
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Novel testing system to determine shoe mechanical properties. Prosthet Orthot Int 2022; 46:646-650. [PMID: 36515909 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoes play an important role in ankle foot orthosis (AFO) function and alignment. Despite this, shoe mechanical testing systems are rarely colocated with gait analysis systems, limiting their availability and use during AFO-related studies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel mechanical testing system used to measure shoe heel stiffness and change in height with loading using equipment available in most gait analysis laboratories. The novel testing system will allow for shoe assessment during AFO studies at little additional cost. STUDY DESIGN Shoes were tested to determine initial stiffness, terminal stiffness, and total stiffness, and whether these measures changed with repeated compressions (early vs. late). TECHNIQUE The novel testing system consists of a baseplate for counterweights, uprights that support a low-friction hinge, and a lever arm with a heel-shaped indenter to apply force to the shoe. Minimal detectable change values were calculated using the standard error of measurement. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated in SPSS using a (2, k) model. RESULTS No significant differences in mean values, or interactions, were observed between rounds of testing and early and late compressions (P > .05). Intraclass correlation coefficient values were greater than 0.98, and minimal detectable change values were less than 20% of the average for each measure. CONCLUSIONS The novel mechanical testing system, combined with pre-existing gait analysis equipment, can be used to reliably assess shoe stiffness and change in height.
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6
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Desai R, Blacutt M, Youdan G, Fritz NE, Muratori LM, Hausdorff JM, Busse M, Quinn L. Postural control and gait measures derived from wearable inertial measurement unit devices in Huntington's disease: Recommendations for clinical outcomes. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 96:105658. [PMID: 35588586 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural control impairments begin early in Huntington's disease yet measures most sensitive to progression have not been identified. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate postural control and gait in people with and without Huntington's disease using wearable sensors; and 2) identify measures related to diagnosis and clinical severity. METHODS 43 individuals with Huntington's disease and 15 age-matched peers performed standing with feet together and feet apart, sitting, and walking with wearable inertial sensors. One-way analysis of variance determined differences in measures of postural control and gait between early and mid-disease stage, and non-Huntington's disease peers. A random forest analysis identified feature importance for Huntington's disease diagnosis. Stepwise and ordinal regressions were used to determine predictors of clinical chorea and tandem walking scores respectively. FINDINGS There was a significant main effect for all postural control and gait measures comparing early stage, mid stage and non-Huntington's disease peers, except for gait cycle duration and step duration. Total sway, root mean square and mean velocity during sitting, as well as gait speed had the greatest importance in classifying disease status. Stepwise regression showed that root mean square during standing with feet apart significantly predicted clinical measure of chorea, and ordinal regression model showed that root mean square and total sway standing feet together significantly predicted clinical measure of tandem walking. INTERPRETATIONS Root mean square measures obtained in sitting and standing using wearable sensors have the potential to serve as biomarkers of postural control impairments in Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Desai
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miguel Blacutt
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gregory Youdan
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nora E Fritz
- Wayne State University, Departments of Health Care Sciences and Neurology, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Lisa M Muratori
- Department Physical Therapy, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Monica Busse
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Lori Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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7
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Differences in upper body posture between individuals with and without chronic idiopathic neck pain during computerised device use: A 3D motion analysis study. Gait Posture 2022; 95:30-37. [PMID: 35413641 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer use is associated with poor postures and increased risk of developing neck pain. Evaluating differences in working posture of individuals with and without chronic neck pain may assist the development of strategies to lessen or prevent pain. OBJECTIVE To identify if upper body kinematics differs between individuals with and without chronic idiopathic neck pain during four conditions (tablet, laptop, and desktop computer sitting and standing). METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) motion capture measured upper body kinematics in 44 individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain > 90 days (Cases n = 22) and without pain (Control n = 22), during a typing task under four conditions: tablet, laptop, desktop computer (sitting and standing). Differences between groups were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models. RESULTS Across all conditions and compared to controls, cases had significantly less flexion between their head-neck and upper trunk segments (between group mean difference 7.15°, 2.1, 12.2, p = .006), greater upper trunk flexion relative to the laboratory (-6.15°, -10.9, -1.3, p = .012), greater shoulder flexion bilaterally (left 12.35°, 6.7, 17.9, p < .001; right 13.49°, 7.9, 19.1, p < .001) and less right elbow flexion (-6.87°, -12.1, -1.7, p = .010). Approaching significance, the case group had less left elbow flexion (between group mean difference -5.36°, -10.9, 0.1, p = .056) and a smaller mean craniocervical angle for the seated desktop condition (group x condition interaction -6.37°; 95% CI -12.7, -0.1, p = .052). SIGNIFICANCE Individuals with neck pain consistently used different upper body postures compared to individuals without pain when working on computerised devices under varying workstation conditions. This finding suggests that people with neck pain work in potentially aggravating postures that may be associated with their pain.
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8
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Raghu SL, Conners RT, Kang CK, Landrum DB, Whitehead PN. Kinematic analysis of gait in an underwater treadmill using land-based Vicon T 40s motion capture cameras arranged externally. J Biomech 2021; 124:110553. [PMID: 34161842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic therapy for rehabilitation can be performed in a variety of environments, which can vary from a traditional swimming pool to a self-contained underwater treadmill. While kinematic analysis has been performed in large volume swimming pools using specific underwater motion capture systems, researchers may only have access to a land-based motion-capture system, which is not waterproof. Additionally, underwater motion capture systems may not fit within the confines of a smaller underwater treadmill. Thus, the purpose of this study was to design and analyze methodology to quantify lower limb kinematics during an aquatic treadmill session, using a land-based motion capture system. Kinematics of lower limb motion at different speeds was studied while walking on an underwater treadmill in comparison to walking on the same treadmill without water (empty tank). The effects of the presence of water on walking kinematics was analyzed and interpreted using parametric and non-parametric testing procedures. The results suggest significant influences of speed on knee and ankle angles (p < 0.05) in both dryland and aquatic scenarios. Knee and ankle angle measures revealed no significant differences between the dryland and water treadmill scenarios (p > 0.05). The increased time requirement in water for the full gait cycle found in this study indicates influence of resistive effects. This finding can be especially suited for muscle strengthening and stabilizing treatments for lower limbs. Also, a framework was developed to realize a potential methodology to use land-based motion capture cameras to successfully analyze the kinematics of gait in constrained aquatic volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Lakshmipuram Raghu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The Univeristy of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States
| | - Ryan T Conners
- Department of Kinesiology, The Univeristy of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States.
| | - Chang-Kwon Kang
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The Univeristy of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States
| | - David Brian Landrum
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The Univeristy of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States
| | - Paul N Whitehead
- Department of Kinesiology, The Univeristy of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, United States
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9
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González L, Álvarez JC, López AM, Álvarez D. Metrological Evaluation of Human-Robot Collaborative Environments Based on Optical Motion Capture Systems. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113748. [PMID: 34071352 PMCID: PMC8198618 DOI: 10.3390/s21113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the context of human-robot collaborative shared environments, there has been an increase in the use of optical motion capture (OMC) systems for human motion tracking. The accuracy and precision of OMC technology need to be assessed in order to ensure safe human-robot interactions, but the accuracy specifications provided by manufacturers are easily influenced by various factors affecting the measurements. This article describes a new methodology for the metrological evaluation of a human-robot collaborative environment based on optical motion capture (OMC) systems. Inspired by the ASTM E3064 test guide, and taking advantage of an existing industrial robot in the production cell, the system is evaluated for mean error, error spread, and repeatability. A detailed statistical study of the error distribution across the capture area is carried out, supported by a Mann-Whitney U-test for median comparisons. Based on the results, optimal capture areas for the use of the capture system are suggested. The results of the proposed method show that the metrological characteristics obtained are compatible and comparable in quality to other methods that do not require the intervention of an industrial robot.
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10
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Jena S, Arunachalam T, Panda SK. Experimental and numerical investigation of a polypropylene orthotic device for assistance in level ground walking. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 234:356-369. [PMID: 31854229 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919894091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the use of an orthotic device for improving pathologic gait lacking a heel-strike and its effect on the joint loads. The orthosis is fabricated from 10-mm thick polypropylene sheets joined together using a bolted joint. The gait trials are recorded using a Qualisys motion capture system and Kistler's force platform. The data recorded in this study comprise five male and five female participants, executing level ground gait under barefoot, shod and orthotic conditions. Computed tomography reconstructed foot bone-tissue model and computer-aided design model of the orthosis are used to predict the mechanical behaviour with and without orthosis under static loading. A one-way analysis of variance is conducted to compare the peak gait parameters in the early and late stance phase between the three walking conditions. The experimental results show that the orthosis reduces the peak joint forces and the rate of change of moment at the hip, knee and ankle joints. The finite element analysis results present a decrease in foot plantar pressure from 0.74 to 0.32 MPa with orthotic usage. The results of this study indicate that the orthosis can eliminate the heel-ground gap while retaining sufficient ankle motion and providing peak joint force reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeshan Jena
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Thirugnanam Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
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11
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Static accuracy analysis of Vicon T40s motion capture cameras arranged externally for motion capture in constrained aquatic environments. J Biomech 2019; 89:139-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Rastegarpanah A, Scone T, Saadat M, Rastegarpanah M, Taylor SJG, Sadeghein N. Targeting effect on gait parameters in healthy individuals and post-stroke hemiparetic individuals. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2018; 5:2055668318766710. [PMID: 31191934 PMCID: PMC6453069 DOI: 10.1177/2055668318766710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A targeting effect may occur in any gait analysis trial where the participant is instructed to step in a particular area or a clearly marked target is in their path. The targeting effect may affect the gait parameters and any variability being studied in regard to the participants. There are few studies examining this effect for healthy subjects and none for special populations. METHODS This study aimed to investigate if any targeting effects occurred in healthy and stroke-survivor populations. Eight male participants were recruited, four of whom exhibited right-hand side hemiparesis resulting from stroke. Each participant performed a series of gait trials at a comfortable walking pace after being made aware of the force plate in the centre of the walkway. The participants gait was then analysed and compared before and after the target force plate. RESULTS The results of the trials showed significant variations (p < 0.005) in the spatiotemporal gait parameters in both the healthy and stroke-survivor groups indicating a targeting effect. CONCLUSIONS The effects were similar in both groups with the step speed and length being slower and shorter for the targeting step compared to the step after the force plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rastegarpanah
- Centre for Rehabilitation Engineering
and Assistive Technology, UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal
Sciences,
University
College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Scone
- School of Engineering,
University
of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mozafar Saadat
- School of Engineering,
University
of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Stephen JG Taylor
- Centre for Rehabilitation Engineering
and Assistive Technology, UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal
Sciences,
University
College London, London, UK
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13
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Taylor L, Miller E, Kaufman KR. Static and dynamic validation of inertial measurement units. Gait Posture 2017; 57:80-84. [PMID: 28578138 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical motion capture systems are used to assess human motion. While these systems provide a reliable analysis, they limit collection to a laboratory based setting. Devices such as Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have been developed as alternative tools. Commercially available IMUs are utilized for a variety of applications; however limited work has been done to determine the reliability of these devices. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of a commercially available IMU, containing tri-axial accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, under controlled static and dynamic conditions. The sensor output was validated against the gold standard measures of custom made mechanical testing apparatuses. The IMUs provide an accurate (within 0.6°) and precise (within 0.1°) measurement of static sensor orientation and an accurate (within 4.4° per second) and precise (within 0.2° per second) representation of angular velocity. The sensors are more accurate at lower velocities, but the percent error remains relatively constant across all angular velocities. Inclusion of IMUs as an appropriate measurement tool should be based on the application, specific demands and necessary reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Taylor
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Emily Miller
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenton R Kaufman
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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