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Tedeschi R, Labanca L, Platano D, Benedetti MG. Assessment of Balance During a Single-Limb Stance Task in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Percept Mot Skills 2024:315125241277250. [PMID: 39183035 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241277250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-limb stance (SLS) is a demanding postural task, widely used for balance assessment in both research and clinical practice. Despite extensive data on elderly and clinical populations, less is known about younger and healthier adults. Our aim in this study was to assess balance during a SLS task among a cohort of healthy adults to determine whether there are age or sex group or testing condition differences in performances. In this cross-sectional study, we involved 120 participants aged 30-65 years and divided them into four age sub-groups with equal numbers of males and females in each. We assessed balance during a 45-s SLS task on a] the Delos Postural Proprioceptive System for both lower limbs in two conditions - open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE). We calculated stability (SI) and autonomy (AU) indices and used analysis of variance to determine that there was no significant effect of limb dominance or sex on balance parameters. However, there was a significant interaction effect between age group and testing condition for both SI and AU (p < .001 for both), with balance worsening as age increased only in the CE condition. These results highlight a pattern of balance decline with age when vision is eliminated from balance performance, underscoring the critical relationship between sensory input and postural control as people age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tedeschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Labanca
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Platano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Benedetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Li X, Seo JW, Bae JH, Jiang S, Sung Y, Jamrasi P, Ahn SY, Han S, Kim S, Kim C, Jang IY, Zulkifli NAB, Shin H, Choi JY, Park SC, Song W. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Walking on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Older Adults: A Randomized Pilot Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e68165. [PMID: 39347269 PMCID: PMC11439125 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking is widely recognized as a prevalent form of daily exercise worldwide. However, fewer studies have explored the health outcomes of different intensities of walking exercise for older adults. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the effects of walking at different exercise intensities on body composition, emotions, cognition, and physical function among older adults. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of walking at different exercise intensities on body composition, emotions, cognition, and physical function after eight weeks of group walking. Specifically, the study focused on the potential benefits of high-intensity interval walking (HIIW), exploring whether HIIW could have a more positive impact on the physical function and overall health of older adults compared to moderate-intensity continuous walking (MICW). METHODS Participants aged 65 years or older were randomly assigned to either HIIW (n=13, 85% HRmax and 55% HRmax, alternating every three minutes) or MICW (n=13, 70% HRmax), engaging in group walking exercises for 30 minutes three times a week. The pre-test and post-test evaluations included body composition, cognition, emotions, and physical function. RESULTS The two-minute step test showed significant improvements over time (p<0.0001) and time-group interaction (p=0.004), and sit and reach showed significant changes over time (p<0.0001). The independent T-test showed significant differences between the HIIW and MICW groups (two-minute step test: t (24)=1.80, p=0.04; sit and reach test: t (19)=3.65, p<0.001) at post-measurement. Additionally, no significant differences were found in body composition (weight, p=0.74; body mass index (BMI), p=0.35; body fat mass, p=0.45; skeletal muscle mass (SMM), p=0.77), emotions (geriatric depression scale (GDS), p=0.79; quality of life (QOL), p=0.54; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, p=0.24), and cognitive function (CoSAS total score, p=0.25) between the HIIW and MICW groups after exercise. Grip strength, balance, 30-second chair stand, back scratch, and eight-foot up and go tests showed no significant effects in the time-group interaction. CONCLUSION Regular HIIW exercise has positive effects on physical functions such as cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility in older adults, indicating the potential for establishing a foundation for developing customized exercise programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
- Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Ji-Won Seo
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Jun-Hyun Bae
- Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
- Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Shu Jiang
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Yunho Sung
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | | | - So Young Ahn
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Sanghyuk Han
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Sowoon Kim
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Chaewoon Kim
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - In-Yeong Jang
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | | | - Hyejung Shin
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
| | - Jai Young Choi
- Police and Judicial Administration, Korea Senior Health Sports Association, Seoul, KOR
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, KOR
| | - Wook Song
- Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
- Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
- Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOR
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Bellisle RF, Peters BT, Oddsson L, Wood SJ, Macaulay TR. A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Relationships between Supine Proprioception Assessments and Upright Functional Mobility. Brain Sci 2024; 14:768. [PMID: 39199462 PMCID: PMC11352215 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-duration bedrest impairs upright postural and locomotor control, prompting the need for assessment tools to predict the effects of deconditioning on post-bedrest outcome measures. We developed a tilt board mounted vertically with a horizontal air-bearing sled as a potential supine assessment tool for a future bedrest study. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the association between supine proprioceptive assessments on the tilt board and upright functional mobility. Seventeen healthy participants completed variations of a supine tilt board task and an upright functional mobility task (FMT), which is an established obstacle avoidance course. During the supine tasks, participants lay on the air-bearing sled with axial loading toward the tilt board. Participants tilted the board to capture virtual targets on an overhead monitor during 30 s trials. The tasks included two dynamic tasks (i.e., double-leg stance matching mediolateral tilt targets over ±3° or ±9° ranges) and two static tasks (i.e., single-leg stance maintaining a central target position). The performances during the dynamic tasks were significantly correlated with the FMT time to completion. The dominant-leg static task performance showed a moderate trend with the FMT time to completion. The results indicate that supine proprioceptive assessments may be associated with upright ambulation performance, and thus, support the proposed application in bedrest studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F. Bellisle
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian T. Peters
- KBR, 2400 E NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058, USA; (B.T.P.); (T.R.M.)
| | - Lars Oddsson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, 500 SE Harvard St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, David Ben Gurion Blvd. 1, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
- RxFunction Inc., 7576 Market Pl. Dr., Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA
| | - Scott J. Wood
- NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 E NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058, USA;
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Chen YL, Liao YH. Differential Back Muscle Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon in Constrained versus Unconstrained Leg Postures. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:736. [PMID: 39061818 PMCID: PMC11273833 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining the flexion-relaxation phenomenon (FRP) in back muscles through trunk forward flexion tests have yielded inconsistent findings, primarily due to variations in leg posture control. This study aimed to explore the influence of leg posture control and individual flexibility on FRP in back and low limb muscles. Thirty-two male participants, evenly distributed into high- and low-flexibility groups, were recruited. Activities of the erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles, alongside the lumbosacral angle (LSA), were recorded as participants executed trunk flexion from 0° to 90° in 15° increments, enabling an analysis of FRP and its correlation with the investigated variables. The findings highlighted significant effects of all examined factors on the measured responses. At a trunk flexion angle of 60°, the influence of leg posture and flexibility on erector spinae activities was particularly pronounced. Participants with limited flexibility exhibited the most prominent FRP under constrained leg posture, while those with greater flexibility and unconstrained leg posture displayed the least FRP, indicated by their relatively larger LSAs. Under constrained leg posture conditions, participants experienced an approximate 1/3 to 1/2 increase in gastrocnemius activity throughout trunk flexion from 30° to 90°, while biceps femoris activity remained relatively constant. Using an inappropriate leg posture during back muscle FRP assessments can overestimate FRP. These findings offer guidance for designing future FRP research protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243303, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Hua Liao
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243303, Taiwan;
- Taiwan Research Institute, New Taipei 251401, Taiwan
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Sever O, Öztaşyonar Y, Ceylan Hİ, Miçooğullari BO, Morgans R, Bragazzi NL. Unveiling the influence of hip isokinetic strength on lower extremity running kinematics in male national middle-distance runners: a correlational analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:157. [PMID: 39030608 PMCID: PMC11264927 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between hip strength deficiency in various planes and musculoskeletal injuries within the movement system has been well-established in numerous studies. The present study sought to explore the relationships between hip strength and specific aspects of lower extremity running kinematics. METHODOLOGY To achieve this objective, the three-dimensional running kinematics of 21 male elite middle-distance runners (mean age: 19.7 ± 1.2 years; mean experience 6.5 ± 1.0 years) were assessed using nine high-speed cameras on a treadmill at a speed of 16 km·h⁻¹. Concurrently, isokinetic hip strength was measured at a speed of 60 deg·s⁻¹ in both the dominant and non-dominant legs. The Pearson correlation coefficient and Paired Samples t-test were utilized. RESULTS While no significant differences were found in several isokinetic strength measurements, notable differences in running kinematics were observed. Specifically, pelvic drop at midstance (MS) was significantly lower in the DL (5.79 ± 3.00°) compared to the NDL (8.71 ± 1.39°) with a large effect size (t=-4.04, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.25). Additionally, knee adduction at maximum showed a moderate effect size difference, with the DL at 2.99 ± 1.13° and the NDL at 3.81 ± 1.76° (t=-2.74, p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.55). Results indicated a moderate to highly positive association between running knee adduction in the dominant leg and hip external rotation (r = 0.67, p < 0.05), concentric extension (r = 0.77, p < 0.05), and concentric abduction (r = 0.78, p < 0.05). Additionally, the running tibial external rotation angle in the dominant leg exhibited an inverse relationship with all strength measurements, with statistical significance observed only for concentric extension force (r=-0.68, p < 0.05). Furthermore, hip internal rotation force demonstrated a highly inverse correlation with foot pronation in the dominant leg (r=-0.70, p < 0.05) and anterior pelvic tilt in the non-dominant leg (r=-0.76, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the interrelation between hip strength and running kinematics, particularly on the dominant side. In light of these observations, it is imperative to consider hip strength exercises as integral components for correcting running kinematics. Coaches should also be mindful that kinematic deviations contributing to running injuries may manifest unilaterally or specifically in the dominant leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Sever
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Yunus Öztaşyonar
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | | | - Ryland Morgans
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada.
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food and Drugs, Medical School, University of Parma, Building C, Via Volturno, 39, Parma, 43125, Italy.
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Minamisawa T, Chiba N, Suzuki E. Differences in left and right lower limb control strategies in coping with visual tracking tasks during bipedal standing. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1421881. [PMID: 39070234 PMCID: PMC11272530 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1421881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in motor control between the lower limbs may influence the risk of sports injury and recovery from rehabilitation. In this study, differences in the visual feedback ability of the left and right lower limbs were assessed using visual target tracking tasks. Methods Thirty-four healthy young subjects (aged 20.4 ± 1.2 years) were asked to move their bodies back and forth while tracking a visual target displayed on a monitor in front of them for 30 s. The two target motions were sinusoidal (i.e., predictable patterns) and more complex (random) patterns. To assess the ability of the lower limbs to follow visual target tracking, antero-posterior CoP (right limb, CoPap-r; left limb, CoPap-l) and medio-lateral CoP (right limb, CoPml-r; left limb, CoPml-l) data were measured using a stabilometer. Tracking ability by visual feedback ability was calculated as the difference in displacement between the target signal and the trajectories of the right and left pressure centers as trapezoidal areas, and a smaller sum of area (SoA) over the entire measurement time was defined as a greater tracking ability. Results Regarding the SoA in the anterior-posterior CoP, the mean SoA in the sinusoidal and random tasks was significantly lower in the CoP-r data than in the CoP-l data, indicating that the right lower limb had a more remarkable ability to follow visual target tracking. Regarding the SoA in the medial-lateral direction (CoP), the mean SoA in the sinusoidal and random tasks did not significantly differ between the two legs. Discussion The right lower limb may have a tracking function activated by the target signal when responding to visual stimuli. Identifying the motor strategies of each lower limb in response to visual stimuli will not only help identify potential differences between each lower limb but also suggest the possibility of enhancing the role of each lower limb in balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Minamisawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Noboru Chiba
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
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Valenciano PJ, Monteiro PHM, Lazzaro IM, Heusi da Silva FJM, Silva FH, Mizrahi SE, Guimarães CP, Teixeira LA. Validation of the Equidyn protocol for evaluation of dynamic balance in older adults through a smartphone application. Gait Posture 2024; 111:59-64. [PMID: 38643633 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different tasks and proxy measurements have been employed to evaluate dynamic balance in older individuals. However, due to inherent limitations, results from most evaluations could hardly be taken as valid measurements of dynamic balance. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the Equidyn smartphone application-based protocol valid and sensitive for assessment of dynamic balance in older adults? METHODS Dynamic balance was evaluated in 52 physically active individuals, age range 60-80 years (M = 69.36). The dynamic tasks were one-leg sway either in the mediolateral (ML) or anteroposterior (AP) direction while supported on the contralateral leg, and cyclic sit-to-stand with a narrow support base. These tasks were performed under standardized movement amplitude and rhythm. Outcomes were correlated with unipedal quiet standing. A smartphone was attached to the trunk backside, and a custom-made application (Equidyn) was employed to provide guidance throughout evaluation, timed beeps to pace the movements, and three-dimensional trunk acceleration measurement for balance evaluation. RESULTS Our data showed (a) that both ML and AP leg sway tasks were sensitive to aging and to direction of leg sway movements; (b) referenced to quiet unipedal stance, moderate/strong correlations for the ML/AP leg sway tasks and moderate correlations for the sit-to-stand task; and (c) moderate/strong correlations between the ML and AP leg sway tasks, and moderate correlations between the sit-to-stand and the two unipedal dynamic tasks in the ML acceleration direction. SIGNIFICANCE The current results support the conclusion that the Equidyn protocol is a sensitive and valid tool to evaluate dynamic balance in healthy older individuals. The protocol tasks standardized in amplitude and rhythm favor their reproducibility and trunk acceleration data interpretation. As the whole assessment is made through a smartphone application, this dynamic balance evaluation could be made in a low-cost simple way both in the laboratory and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Janeiro Valenciano
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Isabela Montoro Lazzaro
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Janeiro Valenciano P, Emiliano Castan V, Henrique Martins Monteiro P, Augusto Teixeira L. Symmetric unipedal balance in quiet stance and dynamic tasks in older individuals. Brain Res 2024; 1830:148850. [PMID: 38460718 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Previous evidence of increased difference of muscular strength between the dominant and non-dominant legs in older adults suggests the possibility of dissimilar balance control between the legs (between-leg asymmetry) associated with aging. In the current investigation, we evaluated between-leg asymmetries in older adults when performing quiet and dynamic balance tasks. Fifty-two physically active and healthy older adults within the age range of 60 to 80 years were recruited. Participants performed balance tasks in unipedal stance, including quiet standing and cyclic sway (rhythmic oscillation) of the non-supporting leg in the anteroposterior or mediolateral directions, producing foot displacements with amplitudes of 20 cm paced in 1 Hz through a metronome. Body balance was evaluated through trunk accelerometry, by using the sensors embedded into a smartphone fixed at the height of the 10th-12th thoracic spines. Analysis revealed lack of significant differences in balance control between the legs either when comparing the right versus left or the preferred versus non-preferred legs, regardless of whether they were performing quiet stance or dynamic tasks. Further examination of the data showed high between-leg correlation coefficients (rs range: 0.71-0.84) across all tasks. Then, our results indicated symmetric and associated between-leg balance control in the examined older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Janeiro Valenciano
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Victória Emiliano Castan
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Maricot A, Corlùy H, De Pauw K, Lathouwers E, Meeusen R, Roelands B, Verschueren J, Tassignon B. Deficits in neurocognitive performance in patients with chronic ankle instability during a neurocognitive balance task - A retrospective case-control study. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:1-8. [PMID: 38219693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the neurocognitive performance while maintaining balance of patients experiencing CAI compared to healthy controls. In patients with CAI, the affected limb was also compared to the contralateral limb. DESIGN A retrospective case-control study. SETTING Laboratory study. PARTICIPANTS We included 27 patients with CAI and 21 healthy controls. METHODS The study consisted of two sessions, namely familiarisation and experimentation, which were scheduled with a gap of at least one week between them. During the experimental trial, both groups performed the Y-Balance Test and Reactive Balance Test once on each limb. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures are accuracy and visuomotor response time (VMRT) calculated via video-analysis and with the Fitlight™-hardware and software respectively during the Reactive Balance Test (RBT). RESULTS No data was excluded from the final analysis. Patients with CAI exhibited significantly lower accuracy than healthy controls, with a mean difference of 8.7% (±3.0)%. There were no differences for VMRT between groups. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the affected and contralateral limb of the patient group for both accuracy and VMRT. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CAI showed lower accuracy, but similar VMRT compared to healthy controls during a neurocognitive balance task, indicating impaired neurocognitive function. Patients exhibit comparable speed to healthy individuals when completing neurocognitive balance tasks, yet they display a higher frequency of accuracy errors in accurately perceiving their environment and making decisions under time constraints. Future research should gain more insights in which other cognitive domains are affected in patients with CAI for a better grasp of this condition's underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maricot
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Hortense Corlùy
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotics Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elke Lathouwers
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotics Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bart Roelands
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotics Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jo Verschueren
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Tassignon
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Wang T, Yang L, Li X, Su P, Meng D. Characteristics of static balance performance in 4-Stage Balance test in the Healthy Older Adults. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38305048 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2312992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Background: The 4-Stage Balance test is one of the most commonly used tests to assess balance for older adults. Although it is generally accepted that the four positions (including side-by-side (SBSS), semi-tandem (STS), tandem (TS), and single-leg stance (SLS)) in this test are progressively more difficult, there are no studies comparing the balance parameters of the four positions in older adults to prove this result. The purpose of this study is to determine the difficulty of 4 positions in the 4-Stage Balance test and the effect of the dominant and non-dominant lower extremities on static balance among healthy older adults; Methods: A total of 115 community-dwelling healthy older adults were included. The postural parameters (including sway range standard deviation (SR), velocity of body sway (V), total sway area (TSA) and sway perimeter (TSP) of the center of pressure) were measured during 8 static postures (including SBSS, left STS, right STS, left TS, right TS, left SLS, right SLS and comfortable stance (CS)). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the postural parameters in 8 static postures; Results: The static balance stability of the five stances in older adults can be ranked in the following sequence: CS > SBSS/STS > TS > SLS. Moreover, changing foot placement in STS, TS and SLS tasks has no influence on stability. This study has been registered in China Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200065803). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it is feasible to simplify the 4-Stage Balance test to a 3-Stage Balance test in the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liuxin Yang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Panpan Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengze Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Dianhuai Meng
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Arin-Bal G, Livanelioglu A, Leardini A, Belvedere C. Correlations between plantar pressure and postural balance in healthy subjects and their comparison according to gender and limb dominance: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Gait Posture 2024; 108:124-131. [PMID: 38039867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower extremity injuries rank among the most common injuries affecting young population, and numerous factors affect the outcomes of plantar pressure and balance assessment. RESEARCH QUESTION Does a correlation exist between plantar pressure and postural balance in healthy subjects and are there any difference in the results based on gender and limb dominance? METHODS This study involved thirty healthy recreationally active young adults (15 females, 15 males). Plantar pressures were analyzed using the MatScan Pressure Mat System, and postural balance was evaluated using Biodex Balance System. All assessments conducted under both static and dynamic conditions. Correlations were tested by Spearman Correlation Coefficient, and comparative tests were performed for gender and limb dominance. RESULTS Correlations were observed between plantar pressure parameters and balance scores, particularly in the dynamic conditions (p < 0.05). Gender-based differences were noted in plantar pressure parameters (p < 0.05), with females demonstrating improved balance stability scores. No significant differences were found based on limb dominance in plantar pressure and postural balance data (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE This study provides valuable detailed insights into the existing literature concerning plantar pressure and postural balance assessments within the healthy population. A strong correlation was observed between plantar pressure and postural balance, and the comparisons of these assessments were affected by gender but not by limb dominance. These results could lead the way for better rehabilitation approaches by considering the correlations and differences across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Arin-Bal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Livanelioglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alberto Leardini
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Belvedere
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Lee D, Sung PS. Normalized stability time analysis within the boundaries between adults with and without fear of falling. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:13. [PMID: 38281190 PMCID: PMC10822799 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unilateral stance test, measured by the center of pressure (COP), has been widely used to identify balance deficits. However, there is a critical gap in understanding the specific COP thresholds on postural stability in adults with a fear of falling (FOF). AIMS To investigate the normalized stability time, which was defined as the ratio of time spent within stability boundaries to the total test duration, under different visual conditions and specific thresholds between adults with and without FOF. METHODS Twenty-one older adults with FOF and 22 control subjects completed the unilateral limb standing test in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Normalized stability times were computed based on five pre-determined COP sway range thresholds: 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the diagnostic accuracy of FOF. There were significant differences in the effects of both visual conditions (F = 46.88, p = 0.001) and threshold settings (F = 119.38, p = 0.001) on stability time between groups. The FOF group significantly reduced normalized stability time at the 10 mm COP threshold under eyes-closed conditions (t = - 1.95, p = 0.03). DISCUSSION The findings highlight the heightened sensitivity of the 10 mm COP threshold in identifying group variances in postural stability when eyes are closed. Moreover, the FOF group displayed a marked reduction in stability duration based on visual scenarios and normalized thresholds. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need to account for both COP boundaries and visual conditions in adults with FOF. When assessing postural control during unilateral stances, clinicians must also give attention to non-visual cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchul Lee
- Nevro Inc., 1800 Bridge Parkway, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Sung
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Indiana Wesleyan University, 4201 South Washington Street, Marion, IN, 46953, USA.
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13
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Sansare A, Arcodia M, Lee SCK, Jeka J, Reimann H. Immediate application of low-intensity electrical noise reduced responses to visual perturbations during walking in individuals with cerebral palsy. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:14. [PMID: 38281953 PMCID: PMC10822182 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Sansare
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Maelyn Arcodia
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Samuel C K Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - John Jeka
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Hendrik Reimann
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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14
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Guerrero-Henriquez J, Mendez-Rebolledo G, LLancaleo L, Vargas M. Effects of dominance and vision on unipedal balance tests in futsal players using a triaxial accelerometer. Sports Biomech 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38193463 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2301987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Optimal postural control improves performance and reduces the risk of injury in futsal. In this context, wearable accelerometers may detect velocity changes of the centre of mass during a task, enabling the analysis of postural control in different environments. This work aimed to determine the influence of vision and dominance on unipodal static postural balance in non-professional athletes. Twenty-four university male futsal players performed a unipodal balance test to assess their body sway using a triaxial accelerometer. To assess dominance, the preferred limb for kicking the ball was considered, while vision was manipulated by asking participants to close their eyes during the test. Root mean square (RMS) and sample entropy (SaEn) of centre of mass variables were analysed. For statistical analysis, a multivariate analysis of variance model was used. Our results suggest an effect of vision, but not of dominance nor the interaction between vision and limb dominance. Specifically, a higher-acceleration RMS in the mediolateral axis was observed, as well as an increased SaEn in the three axes. To conclude, unipodal postural demand in futsal players under visual input suppression was not influenced by their limb dominancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guerrero-Henriquez
- Rehabilitation and Human Movement Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
- Magíster en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte Aplicadas al Entrenamiento, Rehabilitación y Reintegro Deportivo, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
| | - Leandro LLancaleo
- Rehabilitation and Human Movement Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Martin Vargas
- Rehabilitation and Human Movement Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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15
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Lee Y, Lim C. Reference value of knee position sense in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions. Knee Surg Relat Res 2023; 35:25. [PMID: 38012738 PMCID: PMC10680216 DOI: 10.1186/s43019-023-00199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to identify age-related changes in knee proprioception to provide reference values for weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) conditions and to identify factors (age, WB condition, dominance, and sex) that can affect knee proprioception. METHODS A total of 84 healthy adult men and women were recruited. Active knee joint position sense (JPS) was measured using a digital inclinometer for knee proprioception. The participants performed the required movements actively, with verbal feedback from the examiner, slowly moving to the target angles (30° and 50°) and maintaining them for 5 s before returning to the starting position. Afterward, without assistance from the examiner, the participants actively moved back to the same angle, and the examiner confirmed the angles. This procedure was repeated twice for each target angle, and the average values were used as the data. The participants were barefoot, wearing shorts, and closed their eyes while the measurements were obtained. The measurements were first obtained on the dominant side under the NWB conditions. When a change in posture was needed during the measurement, the participants sat in a resting position for 2 min. RESULTS Except for age, all other factors (WB condition, dominance, sex) were not statistically significant. Age showed a significant difference in knee JPS, except for the non-dominant side at 30° and the dominant side at 50° in the NWB condition. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the WB condition, dominant side, and sex need not be considered when measuring and assessing knee JPS. Age shows a negative correlation with knee joint position sense, and the reference values presented in this study can be used as objective target values during the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lee
- Department of Health Science, Gachon University Graduate School, Incheon, 21936, South Korea
| | - Chaegil Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmo-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, South Korea.
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16
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Shamantseva N, Timofeeva O, Gvozdeva A, Andreeva I, Moshonkina T. Posture of Healthy Subjects Modulated by Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1909. [PMID: 37763312 PMCID: PMC10532446 DOI: 10.3390/life13091909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord is used to restore locomotion and body weight support in patients with severe motor disorders. We studied the effects of this non-invasive stimulation on postural control in healthy subjects. Stimulation at the L1-L2 vertebrae was performed to activate the extensor muscles of the lower limbs. Because postural regulation depends on the cognitive style, the effects of the stimulation were analyzed separately in field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) participants. During the study, FD and FI participants (N = 16, 25 ± 5 years, all right dominant leg) stood on a force platform in a soundproof chamber with their eyes closed. Stimulation was applied in the midline between the L1 and L2 vertebrae or over the left or right dorsal roots of the spinal cord; under the control condition, there was no stimulation. Stimulation destabilized posture in healthy subjects, whereas patients with movement disorders usually showed an improvement in postural control. In the FD participants, left dorsal root and midline stimulation increased several postural parameters by up to 30%. Dorsal root stimulation on the side of the supporting leg reduced postural control, while stimulation on the side of the dominant leg did not. No significant changes were observed in the FI participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shamantseva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.T.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (T.M.)
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17
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Belluscio V, Cartocci G, Terbojevich T, Di Feo P, Inguscio BMS, Ferrari M, Quaresima V, Vannozzi G. Facilitating or disturbing? An investigation about the effects of auditory frequencies on prefrontal cortex activation and postural sway. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197733. [PMID: 37425019 PMCID: PMC10324668 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory stimulation activates brain areas associated with higher cognitive processes, like the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and plays a role in postural control regulation. However, the effects of specific frequency stimuli on upright posture maintenance and PFC activation patterns remain unknown. Therefore, the study aims at filling this gap. Twenty healthy adults performed static double- and single-leg stance tasks of 60s each under four auditory conditions: 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 Hz, binaurally delivered through headphones, and in quiet condition. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure PFC activation through changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, while an inertial sensor (sealed at the L5 vertebra level) quantified postural sway parameters. Perceived discomfort and pleasantness were rated through a 0-100 visual analogue scale (VAS). Results showed that in both motor tasks, different PFC activation patterns were displayed at the different auditory frequencies and the postural performance worsened with auditory stimuli, compared to quiet conditions. VAS results showed that higher frequencies were considered more discomfortable than lower ones. Present data prove that specific sound frequencies play a significant role in cognitive resources recruitment and in the regulation of postural control. Furthermore, it supports the importance of exploring the relationship among tones, cortical activity, and posture, also considering possible applications with neurological populations and people with hearing dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Belluscio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cartocci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- BrainSigns Ltd, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Di Feo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vannozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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18
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Segal AD, Vargas BL, Richards FG, Shelley CJ, Silverman AK. Healthy aging reduces dynamic balance control as measured by the simplified Star Excursion Balance Test. Gait Posture 2023; 103:190-195. [PMID: 37244214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting and classifying factors that contribute to age-related balance decline are essential for targeted interventions. Dynamic postural tests that challenge neuromuscular balance control are important to detect subtle deficits that affect functional balance in healthy aging. RESEARCH QUESTION How does healthy aging affect specific components of dynamic postural control as measured by the simplified Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)? METHODS Twenty healthy younger (18-39 years) and twenty healthy older (58-74 years) adults performed the standardized simplified SEBT, which involved standing on one leg and reaching the contralateral leg as far as possible in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Optical motion capture was used to quantify the maximum reach distance normalized by body height (%H) for three repeated trials in each direction per leg. Linear mixed effects models and pairwise comparisons of estimated marginal means were used to assess differences (p < 0.05) in normalized maximum reach distance by age group, reach direction, and leg dominance. Intersubject and intrasubject variability were also assessed by age group using coefficients of variation (CV). RESULTS Healthy older adults had less dynamic postural control compared to younger adults, with shorter reach distances in the anterior (7.9 %), posteromedial (15.8 %), and posterolateral (30.0 %) directions (p < 0.05). Leg dominance and sex did not significantly affect SEBT score for either age group (p > 0.05). Low intrasubject variability (CV<0.25 %) was found for repeated trials in both the older and younger participants. Therefore, the comparatively higher intersubject variability (Range CV=8-25 %) was mostly attributed to differences in SEBT performance across participants. SIGNIFICANCE Quantifying dynamic postural control in healthy older adults in a clinical setting is important for early detection of balance decline and guiding targeted and effective treatment. These results support that the simplified SEBT is more challenging for healthy older adults, who may benefit from dynamic postural training to mitigate age-related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava D Segal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Brooklyn L Vargas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Fiona G Richards
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Cameron J Shelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Anne K Silverman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA; Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
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19
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Promsri A, Bangkomdet K, Jindatham I, Jenchang T. Leg Dominance—Surface Stability Interaction: Effects on Postural Control Assessed by Smartphone-Based Accelerometry. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040075. [PMID: 37104149 PMCID: PMC10145104 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferential use of one leg over another in performing lower-limb motor tasks (i.e., leg dominance) is considered to be one of the internal risk factors for sports-related lower-limb injuries. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of leg dominance on postural control during unipedal balancing on three different support surfaces with increasing levels of instability: a firm surface, a foam pad, and a multiaxial balance board. In addition, the interaction effect between leg dominance and surface stability was also tested. To this end, a tri-axial accelerometer-based smartphone sensor was placed over the lumbar spine (L5) of 22 young adults (21.5 ± 0.6 years) to record postural accelerations. Sample entropy (SampEn) was applied to acceleration data as a measure of postural sway regularity (i.e., postural control complexity). The results show that leg dominance (p < 0.001) and interaction (p < 0.001) effects emerge in all acceleration directions. Specifically, balancing on the dominant (kicking) leg shows more irregular postural acceleration fluctuations (high SampEn), reflecting a higher postural control efficiency or automaticity than balancing on the non-dominant leg. However, the interaction effects suggest that unipedal balancing training on unstable surfaces is recommended to reduce interlimb differences in neuromuscular control for injury prevention and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Promsri
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence in Neuromechanics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-54-466-666 (ext. 3817)
| | - Kotchakorn Bangkomdet
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Issariya Jindatham
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Thananya Jenchang
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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20
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Pooranawatthanakul K, Siriphorn A. Predicting Falls in Older Adults with an Accelerometer-Based Smartphone App. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2022.2160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokporn Pooranawatthanakul
- Human Movement Performance Enhancement Research Unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akkradate Siriphorn
- Human Movement Performance Enhancement Research Unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Hamada N, Kunimura H, Matsuoka M, Oda H, Hiraoka K. Advanced cueing of auditory stimulus to the head induces body sway in the direction opposite to the stimulus site during quiet stance in male participants. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1028700. [PMID: 36569476 PMCID: PMC9775284 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1028700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Under certain conditions, a tactile stimulus to the head induces the movement of the head away from the stimulus, and this is thought to be caused by a defense mechanism. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that predicting the stimulus site of the head in a quiet stance activates the defense mechanism, causing a body to sway to keep the head away from the stimulus. Fourteen healthy male participants aged 31.2 ± 6.8 years participated in this study. A visual cue predicting the forthcoming stimulus site (forehead, left side of the head, right side of the head, or back of the head) was given. Four seconds after this cue, an auditory or electrical tactile stimulus was given at the site predicted by the cue. The cue predicting the tactile stimulus site of the head did not induce a body sway. The cue predicting the auditory stimulus to the back of the head induced a forward body sway, and the cue predicting the stimulus to the forehead induced a backward body sway. The cue predicting the auditory stimulus to the left side of the head induced a rightward body sway, and the cue predicting the stimulus to the right side of the head induced a leftward body sway. These findings support our hypothesis that predicting the auditory stimulus site of the head induces a body sway in a quiet stance to keep the head away from the stimulus. The right gastrocnemius muscle contributes to the control of the body sway in the anterior-posterior axis related to this defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hamada
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan
| | - Masakazu Matsuoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Japan
| | - Koichi Hiraoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan,*Correspondence: Koichi Hiraoka
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22
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Mocanu GD, Onu I. Differences in the manifestation of balance according to BMI levels for women students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. BALNEO AND PRM RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2022.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background: Static and dynamic balance are factors of major importance in the manifestation of human motor skills at a higher level. Purpose: The determination of vari-ations in the performance of balance tests for young women students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports (48 cases in the 1st year of bachelor's degree), divided and analyzed 3 BMI levels (underweight / 7 cases, normal weight / 34 cases and overweight / 7 cases) and comparing these results with other similar research. Material and method: The testing of the group was scheduled at the Research Center for Human Performance, be-longing to the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galați, in the month of April of the 2018-2019 academic year. For the assessment of balance, 7 tests were used, of which 4 associated with dynamic postural stability (Walk and turn field sobriety test/errors, Func-tional reach test/cm, Fukuda test/degrees of rotation, Bass test/ points) and 3 measuring static stability (Flamingo test/falls, One leg standing with eyes closed/sec, Stork test/sec). Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U) were applied to compare differences between batches. Results: The average values of underweight and normal-weight women are better than those of overweight women for the entire set of assessment tests. The underweight group has the best results for the Standing balance test, Functional reach test, Flamingo test, Walk and turn field sobriety test, Fukuda test, and the normal weight women for Stork test, respectively Bass test. We found a lack of significant thresholds when comparing the results between the 3 groups (P> 0.05) for Stork test, Standing balance test and Functional reach test, so the working hypothesis formulated is only partially confirmed. The only significant difference between underweight and normal weight (P <0.05) is found in the Flamingo test, with better values for underweight. Significant difference thresholds for Flamingo test and Fukuda test are recorded between the underweight and overweight groups (Z values have associated thresholds P<0.05). The most significant differences are found between the normal weight and overweight groups (P <0.05), respectively for the Bass test, Fukuda test and Walk and turn field sobriety test. Conclusion: Constant physical activity (as a feature of the analyzed group) reduces the chances of significant differences in all balance tests between BMI levels.
Keywords: female students; university specialization; static and dynamic postural control; physical activity
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Affiliation(s)
- George-Danut Mocanu
- “Dunărea de Jos” University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, 63-65 Gării Street, Galați, România
| | - Ilie Onu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
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23
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Araujo CG, de Souza E Silva CG, Laukkanen JA, Fiatarone Singh M, Kunutsor S, Myers J, Franca JF, Castro CL. Successful 10-second one-legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:975-980. [PMID: 35728834 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Balance quickly diminishes after the mid-50s increasing the risk for falls and other adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to assess whether the ability to complete a 10- s one-legged stance (10-second OLS) is associated with all-cause mortality and whether it adds relevant prognostic information beyond ordinary demographic, anthropometric and clinical data. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical and vital status and 10-s OLS data were assessed in 1702 individuals (68% men) aged 51-75 years between 2008 and 2020. Log-rank and Cox modelling were used to compare survival curves and risk of death according to ability (YES) or inability (NO) to complete the 10-s OLS test. RESULTS Overall, 20.4% of the individuals were classified as NO. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 7.2% died, with 4.6% (YES) and 17.5% (NO) on the 10-s OLS. Survival curves were worse for NO 10-s OLS (log-rank test=85.6; p<0.001). In an adjusted model incorporating age, sex, body mass index and comorbidities, the HR of all-cause mortality was higher (1.84 (95% CI: 1.23 to 2.78) (p<0.001)) for NO individuals. Adding 10-s OLS to a model containing established risk factors was associated with significantly improved mortality risk prediction as measured by differences in -2 log likelihood and integrated discrimination improvement. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of uncontrolled variables such as recent history of falls and physical activity, the ability to successfully complete the 10-s OLS is independently associated with all-cause mortality and adds relevant prognostic information beyond age, sex and several other anthropometric and clinical variables. There is potential benefit to including the 10-s OLS as part of routine physical examination in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jari Antero Laukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kyopio, Finland.,Central Finland Health Care District, Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Setor Kunutsor
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Hirono T, Ikezoe T, Taniguchi M, Yamagata M, Umehara J, Ichihashi N. Acute effects of ankle plantar flexor force-matching exercises on postural strategy during single leg standing in healthy adults. Gait Posture 2022; 92:428-434. [PMID: 34979429 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle plantar flexor force steadiness, assessed by measuring the fluctuation of the force around the submaximal target torque, has been associated with postural stability. RESEARCH QUESTION To investigate whether a force-matching exercise, where submaximal steady torque is maintained at the target torque, can modulate postural strategy immediately. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy young adults performed ankle plantar flexor force-matching exercises at target torques of 5%, 20%, and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), in a randomized crossover trial. Participants with their ankle in a neutral position were instructed to maintain isometric contraction at each target torque, as measured by a dynamometer, for 20 s with 3 sets of 5 contractions. Before and after the force-matching exercises, the anterior-posterior velocities and standard deviation of the center of pressure (COP) on the stable platform and the tilt angle of the unstable platform during 20-seconds single-leg standing were measured. The velocities and standard deviations of the COP and tilt angle before and after the exercises were compared using paired t-tests. RESULTS The tilt angle velocity of an unstable platform significantly decreased after the force-matching exercise at a target torque of 5% MVC (p = 0.029), whereas it was unchanged after the exercises at target torques of 20% and 50% MVC. The standard deviations of the tilt angle of unstable platform test did not change significantly after any exercise. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the COP velocities or standard deviations on the stable platform test after any exercise. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that repeated exertion training at low-intensity contractions can affect postural stability in an unstable condition. Particularly, force-matching exercise at very low-intensity torque, such as 5% of MVC, may be an effective method to improve postural control in the unstable condition, but not in a stable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirono
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu-cho, Toyota, Aichi 470-0393 Japan.
| | - Tome Ikezoe
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masashi Taniguchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Momoko Yamagata
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Department of Human Development, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Umehara
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 1-4, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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25
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Śliwowski R, Marynowicz J, Jadczak Ł, Grygorowicz M, Kalinowski P, Paillard T. The relationships between knee extensors/ flexors strength and balance control in elite male soccer players. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12461. [PMID: 34820190 PMCID: PMC8603814 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strength and balance are important factors for soccer players to be successful. This study’s aim was to determine the relationship between lower-limb muscle strength and balance control in elite male soccer players (n = 77). Methods Concentric isokinetic strength (peak torque of quadriceps (PT-Q) and hamstrings (PT-H), hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio) was measured for the dominant and non-dominant leg at angular velocities of 60°s−1and 240°s−1, as well as the total work for extensors (TW-Q) and flexors (TW-H) for both legs (at an angular velocity of 240°s−1only). Balance score (BAL score) was used for unilateral assessment of balance control using a Delos Postural System Test measurement tool. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to predict balance control using isokinetic knee strength performance for dominant and non-dominant legs. Results Final modelling included peak torque of hamstrings at 240°s−1 and peak torque of the quadriceps at 240°s−1 for the non-dominant leg (R2 = 19.6%; p ≤ 0.001) and only peak hamstring torque at 240°s−1 for the dominant leg (R2 = 11.3%; p = 0.003) as significant predictors of balance score. Conclusion Findings indicate that balance control is widely influenced by peak hamstring torque and peak quadriceps torque at high angular velocity particularly in the non-dominant leg i.e., the supporting leg in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Śliwowski
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Team Sport Games, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Marynowicz
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Team Sport Games, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jadczak
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Team Sport Games, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Grygorowicz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Rehasport Clinic FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kalinowski
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Team Sport Games, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thierry Paillard
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, MEPS Laboratory, Tarbes, France
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26
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Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. The effects of leg preference and leg dominance on static and dynamic balance performance in highly-trained tennis players. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259854. [PMID: 34762690 PMCID: PMC8584696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 90 (51 males, 39 females) tennis players performed single-leg quiet stance and single-leg landing tasks. For the static standing task, center-of pressure (CoP) velocities, amplitudes, frequency and area were calculated. For the landing tasks, time to stabilization as well as dynamic postural stability index were considered. The analysis of differences between the legs was done based on two methods for a priori determination of leg preference, one based on the preference of kicking a ball and one based on the preference for single-leg jumping. An additional analysis was done based on the leg dominance (determined post hoc), based on the observed performance of the tasks. In case of the classification based on kicking a ball, there was a statistically significantly lower CoP anterior-posterior velocity and anterior-posterior amplitude in static balance task (p ≤ 0.017; 0.17 ≤ d ≤ 0.28) for the preferred leg. The CoP frequency was higher in the preferred leg for both directions (p ≤ 0.002; 0.10 ≤ d ≤ 0.22). For the landing task, CoP medial-lateral time to stabilization was statistically significantly shorter for the preferred leg (0.28 ± 0.38 s) compared to the non-preferred leg (0.47 ± 0.60 s) (p = 0.012; d = 0.38). There were no differences between the legs for the landing task. Moreover, there were no differences between the legs when we used the preference based on jumping for either of the tasks (d ≤ 0.14). The differences between legs in terms of observed dominance were larger than the differences based on the preference, which stresses the need for clear distinction of limb preference and limb dominance in research and practice. Regarding the effect of leg preference, small differences in static balance may exist between the legs (when the preference is based on kicking a ball).
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
- InnoRenew CoE, Human Health Department, Izola, Slovenia
- S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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