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Máté S, Soutter M, Liaros J, Hackett D, Barnett M, Singh MF, Fornusek C. The effects of hybrid functional electrical stimulation interval training on aerobic fitness and fatigue in people with advanced multiple sclerosis: An exploratory pilot training study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105458. [PMID: 38277980 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving aerobic fitness in people with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) may reduce fatigue, and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, as has been found for people with mild to moderate MS. Training targeting aerobic fitness can be challenging due to paresis, access to suitable equipment and fatigue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether people with advanced multiple sclerosis could perform functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling combined with arm crank interval exercise (hybrid FES interval training) training, and its effects on aerobic fitness and fatigue. METHODS Hybrid FES interval training was performed 2 d/wk for 12 weeks. Each session consisted of 40 min of continuous FES cycling with arm crank intervals of 30 s work/30 s rest added concurrently for 20 min. The intensity target was a minimum of 60 % of arm crank power and 'hard' measured by rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Attendance, compliance to intensity and time targets, adverse events, and drop outs were measured. Aerobic fitness was assessed by an arm crank maximal test. Fatigue was measured via the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). RESULTS Seven participants (6 female; age 57.1 ± 7.8y; Expanded Disability Status Scale 7.1 ± 0.8) with advanced MS attended 80 ± 10.4 % of the scheduled exercise sessions and there were no adverse events or drop outs. Average RPE at the end of each training session was 15.1 ± 2.1, representing vigorous intensity exercise. Aerobic fitness did not change pre- to post-intervention (14.2 ± 5.7 to 14.8 ± 6.0 mL/kg/min [p = 0.43]), and resulted in a small effect size (ES) (0.30). The reduction in fatigue during the intervention (31.0 ± 10.4 to 21.7 ± 11.4 [p = 0.10]), resulted in a moderate to large ES (-0.77). CONCLUSION Hybrid FES interval training could be performed 2 days per week for 12 weeks and represented vigorous intensity exercise, but there was no change in aerobic fitness. The reduction in participants' perceptions of fatigue represented a moderate to large ES, indicating hybrid FES interval training might be suitable for people with advanced MS who need exercise equipment appropriate for their condition. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (U1111-1194-2040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Máté
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D18 - Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, NSW 2006, Australia..
| | - Megan Soutter
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D18 - Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jana Liaros
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D18 - Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D18 - Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Barnett
- Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 50 Missenden Rd, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D18 - Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, NSW 2006, Australia.; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Anderson Stuart Building, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre St, Boston, MA 02131, United States
| | - Ché Fornusek
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D18 - Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, NSW 2006, Australia
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Máté S, Sinan-Fornusek C, Dhopte P, Singh MF, Hackett D, Fornusek C. Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Combined With Arm Cranking Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in People With Central Nervous System Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:1928-1940. [PMID: 37098358 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence regarding the potential of hybrid functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling for improving cardiorespiratory fitness for people with a mobility disability related to a central nervous system (CNS) disorder. DATA SOURCES Nine electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Pedro, Cochrane, and Scopus, were searched from inception until October 2022. STUDY SELECTION Search terms included multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, synonyms of FES cycling, arm crank ergometry (ACE) or hybrid exercise, and V̇o2. All experimental studies, including randomized controlled trials that included an outcome measure related to peak or sub-maximal V̇o2 were eligible. DATA EXTRACTION From a total of 280 articles, 13 were studies included. The Downs and Black Checklist was used to assess study quality. Random effects (Hedges' g) meta-analyses were undertaken to determine whether there were differences in V̇o2peak during acute bouts of hybrid FES cycling vs other modes of exercise and changes resulting from longitudinal training. DATA SYNTHESIS During acute bouts of exercise, hybrid FES cycling was moderately more effective than ACE (effect size [ES] of 0.59 (95% CI 0.15-1.02, P=.008) in increasing V̇o2peak from rest. There was a large effect on the increase of V̇o2peak from rest for hybrid FES cycling compared with FES cycling (ES of 2.36 [95% CI 0.83-3.40, P=.003]). Longitudinal training with hybrid FES cycling showed a significant improvement in V̇o2peak from pre to post intervention with a large, pooled ES of 0.83 (95% CI 0.24-1.41, P=.006). CONCLUSIONS Hybrid FES cycling produced higher V̇o2peak compared with ACE or FES cycling during acute bouts of exercise. Hybrid FES cycling can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in people with SCI. Additionally, there is emerging evidence that hybrid FES cycling might increase aerobic fitness in people with mobility disability related to CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Máté
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Canan Sinan-Fornusek
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Prakash Dhopte
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ché Fornusek
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Sheriff S, Shen T, Saks D, Schultz A, Francis H, Wen W, Jiang J, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Fiatarone Singh M, Sachdev PS, Graham SL, Gupta V. The Association of APOE ε4 Allele with Retinal Layer Thickness and Microvasculature in Older Adults: Optic Nerve Decline and Cognitive Change Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6219. [PMID: 37834863 PMCID: PMC10573915 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and retinal structural and vascular characteristics in older adult participants from several research studies. We also studied the relationship between these structural and vascular characteristics with multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) indices, neuropsychological parameters and MRI brain volumes in these participants. METHODS In this study, 109 participants with a mean (SD) age of 67.1 (9.0) years were recruited. Participants were classified as APOE ε4 carriers or non-carriers based on the presence or absence of the ε4 allele. Baseline measurements included peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL OCT), and OCT-angiography (OCT-A) for evaluation of the retinal layer thickness and vessel density (VD) parameters. A multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) test, including amplitude and latency, was used to assess the visual pathway function. Finally, cognitive function was evaluated using a battery of neuropsychological tests. OCT-A images were analysed in ImageJ to quantify VD in the superficial and deep vascular plexus and the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). The relationship between carriers of APOE ε4 allele and these ocular parameters was analysed using generalised estimating equation (GEE) models and data adjusted for age, sex and inter-eye differences as within-subject variables (p < 0.05). RESULTS Twenty-four participants were APOE ε4 carriers. Temporal RNFL thickness was decreased in APOE ε4 carriers (p < 0.01). Vessel density between carriers and non-carriers was not significantly different at either the superficial or deep level. The FAZ area was significantly smaller in ε4 carriers in both superficial (p < 0.01) and deep layers (p < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Retinal abnormalities were present in participants with increased genetic risk of dementia due to presence of the ε4 allele. These findings provide preliminary evidence for their potential role in the diagnosis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samran Sheriff
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Danit Saks
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Angela Schultz
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Heather Francis
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia
- Neurology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Izquierdo M, Fiatarone Singh M. Promoting resilience in the face of ageing and disease: The central role of exercise and physical activity. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101940. [PMID: 37127094 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity offer clinical benefits across a wide range of both physical and neuropsychological diseases and disabilities in older adults, including syndromes for which pharmacological treatment is either absent or hazardous. However, exercise is vastly under-utilised and rarely fully integrated into aged care and geriatric medicine practice. It is still absent from the core training of most geriatricians and other healthcare professionals, and myths about risks of robust exercise abound. Insufficient physical activity and sedentariness are in fact the lethal conditions. Frailty is not a barrier to exercise, but rather one of the most important reasons to prescribe it. Like any other medical treatment, to prescribe exercise as a drug will require a full understanding of its benefits, dose-response characteristics, modality-specific adaptations, potential risks, and interactions with other treatments. Additionally, exercise prescription should be a mandatory component of training for all healthcare professionals in geriatric medicine and gerontology. This personal view asserts the importance of medication management closely integrated with physical exercise prescription, as well as nutritional support as cornerstone of a coherent and holistic approach to treating both fit and frail older adults. This includes identification and management of drug-exercise interactions, in the same way that we seek out and manage drug-drug interactions and drug-nutrient interactions. Our oldest patients deserve the dignity of our urgent resolve to remember the mission of medicine: the assertion and the assurance of the human potential. Exercise medicine is core to this mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, MA, USA
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Izquierdo M, Fiatarone Singh M. Urgent need for integrating physical exercise into geriatric medicine: a call to action. Br J Sports Med 2023:bjsports-2023-106912. [PMID: 37105708 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)- Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hollings M, Mavros Y, Freeston J, Fiatarone Singh M. National survey of Australian cardiac rehabilitation programmes: does current exercise programming adhere to evidence-based guidelines and best practice? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001468. [PMID: 36865770 PMCID: PMC9972448 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patient outcomes is well established, with better outcomes when delivery meets recommended guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess how well Australian practice aligns with national CR guidelines for exercise assessment and prescription. Method This cross-sectional online survey was distributed to all 475 publicly listed CR services in Australia and consisted of four sections: (1) Programme and client demographics, (2) aerobic exercise characteristics, (3) resistance exercise characteristics and (4) pre-exercise assessment, exercise testing and progression. Results In total, 228 (54%) survey responses were received. Only three of five Australian guideline recommendations were consistently reported to be followed in current CR programmes: assessment of physical function prior to exercise (91%), prescription of light-moderate exercise intensity (76%) and review of referring physician results (75%). Remaining guidelines were commonly not implemented. For example, only 58% of services reported an initial assessment of resting ECG/heart rate, and only 58% reported the concurrent prescription of both aerobic and resistance exercise, which may have been influenced by equipment availability (p<0.05). Exercise-specific assessments such as muscular strength (18%) and aerobic fitness (13%) were uncommonly reported, although both were more frequent in metropolitan services (p<0.05) or when an exercise physiologist was present (p<0.05). Conclusions Clinically relevant deficits in national CR guideline implementation are common, potentially influenced by location, exercise supervisor and equipment availability. Key deficiencies include the lack of concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise prescription and infrequent assessment of important physiological outcomes including resting heart rate, muscular strength and aerobic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hollings
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Freeston
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang B, Davies TB, Way KL, Tran DL, Davis GM, Singh MF, Hackett DA. Effect of resistance training on local muscle endurance in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 109:104954. [PMID: 36758486 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local muscle endurance (LME) is a significant indicator of muscle health and function in middle-aged and older adults. However, resistance training (RT) practices which optimise performance in this population are currently unclear. This study examined: 1) the effect of RT on LME; and 2) the impact of acute resistance exercise program variables on LME in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to RT, LME, and older adults. Random effects (Hedges' g) meta-analyses were undertaken to estimate the effect of RT on upper and lower body LME assessed via maximal repetitions during an isotonic test. The impact of resistance exercise program variables on LME effects was explored using meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Upon sensitivity analysis, one study was removed. Large effects favoured RT for LME of the upper body (g = 1.10, p < 0.001) and lower body (g = 1.18, p < 0.001). Large effects on LME from RT were found irrespective of training intensity or other resistance exercise program variables. Moderate heterogeneity and publication bias were found in most analyses. DISCUSSION RT is an effective means for improving LME in middle-aged and older adults. Optimal training characteristics have not been defined by this review, as improvement in LME was unrelated to RT volume or loading intensity. Caution is warranted when interpreting the findings due to heterogeneity and bias present in existing literature. Additional studies are needed with direct comparisons of various training techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Wang
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy B Davies
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Way
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek L Tran
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen M Davis
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of New South Wales, Australia; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hackett
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Valenzuela T, Coombes JS, Liu-Ambrose T, Mavros Y, Kochan N, Sachdev PS, Hausdorff J, Smith EC, Hollings M, Hawkins TC, Ashley NJ, Feter N, Wilson GC, Shih IHE, Guerrero Y, Jiang J, Wen W, Bailey T, Stensvold D, Wisløff U, Falck RS, Fiatarone Singh M. Study protocol for the BRAIN Training Trial: a randomised controlled trial of Balance, Resistance, And INterval training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062059. [PMID: 36600421 PMCID: PMC9772642 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological evidence suggests that both poor cardiovascular fitness and low muscle mass or strength markedly increase the rate of cognitive decline and incident dementia in older adults. Results from exercise trials for the improvement of cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have reported mixed results. This is possibly due to insufficient exercise intensities. The aim of the Balance, Resistance, And INterval (BRAIN) Training Trial is to determine the effects of two forms of exercise, high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) and high-intensity power training (POWER) each compared with a sham exercise control group on cognition in older adults with MCI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS One hundred and sixty community-dwelling older (≥ 60 years) people with MCI have been randomised into the trial. Interventions are delivered supervised 2-3 days per week for 12 months. The primary outcome measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months is performance on a cognitive composite score measuring the executive domain calculated from a combination of computerised (NeuroTrax) and paper-and-pencil tests. Analyses will be performed via repeated measures linear mixed models and generalised linear mixed models of baseline, 6-month and 12-month time points, adjusted for baseline values and covariates selected a priori. Mixed models will be constructed to determine the interaction of GROUP × TIME. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Sydney (HREC Ref.2017/368), University of Queensland (HREC Ref. 2017/HE000853), University of British Columbia (H16-03309), and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (V16-03309) Human Research Ethics. Dissemination will be via publications, conference presentations, newsletter articles, social media, talks to clinicians and consumers and meetings with health departments/managers.It is expected that communication of results will allow for the development of more effective evidence-based exercise prescription guidelines in this population while investigating the benefits of HIIT and POWER on subclinical markers of disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12617001440314 Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Valenzuela
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Hausdorff
- Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Sackler, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emily C Smith
- Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Hollings
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tess C Hawkins
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Ashley
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natan Feter
- Postgraduate Program of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Guy C Wilson
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isabel Hui En Shih
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yareni Guerrero
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom Bailey
- Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ryan S Falck
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kochan NA, Heffernan M, Valenzuela M, Sachdev PS, Lam BCP, Fiatarone Singh M, Anstey KJ, Chau T, Brodaty H. Reliability, Validity, and User-Experience of Remote Unsupervised Computerized Neuropsychological Assessments in Community-Living 55- to 75-Year-Olds. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1629-1645. [PMID: 36314208 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-administered computerized neuropsychological assessments (CNAs) provide lower cost, more accessible alternatives to traditional in-person assessments but lack critical information on psychometrics and subjective experience of older adults in remote testing environments. OBJECTIVE We used an online brief battery of computerized tasks selected from the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) and Cambridge Brain Sciences (CBS) to 1) determine test-retest reliability in an unsupervised setting; 2) examine convergent validity with a comprehensive 'gold standard' paper-and-pencil neuropsychological test battery administered in-person; and 3) explore user-experience of remote computerized testing and individual tests. METHODS Fifty-two participants (mean age 65.8±5.7 years) completed CBB and CBS tests on their own computer, unsupervised from home, on three occasions, and visited a research center for an in-person paper-and-pencil assessment. They also completed a user-experience questionnaire. RESULTS Test-retest reliabilities varied for individual measures (ICCs = 0.20 to 0.83). Global cognition composites showed excellent reliability (ICCs > 0.8 over 1-month follow-up). A strong relationship between a combination of CNA measures and paper-and-pencil battery was found (canonical correlation R = 0.87, p = 0.04). Most tests were rated as enjoyable with easy-to-understand instructions. Ratings of general experience with online testing were mostly favorable; few had difficulty concentrating (17%) or using the computer for tasks (10%), although over one-third experienced performance anxiety (38%). CONCLUSION A combined brief online battery selected from two CNAs demonstrated robust psychometric standards for reliability (global composite), and convergent validity with a gold standard battery, and mostly good usability and acceptability in the remote testing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Megan Heffernan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Valenzuela
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Skin2Neuron Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tiffany Chau
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Araujo CG, de Souza E Silva CG, Laukkanen JA, Fiatarone Singh M, Kunutsor S, Myers J, Franca JF, Castro CL. Successful 10-second one-legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:975-980. [PMID: 35728834 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Balance quickly diminishes after the mid-50s increasing the risk for falls and other adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to assess whether the ability to complete a 10- s one-legged stance (10-second OLS) is associated with all-cause mortality and whether it adds relevant prognostic information beyond ordinary demographic, anthropometric and clinical data. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical and vital status and 10-s OLS data were assessed in 1702 individuals (68% men) aged 51-75 years between 2008 and 2020. Log-rank and Cox modelling were used to compare survival curves and risk of death according to ability (YES) or inability (NO) to complete the 10-s OLS test. RESULTS Overall, 20.4% of the individuals were classified as NO. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 7.2% died, with 4.6% (YES) and 17.5% (NO) on the 10-s OLS. Survival curves were worse for NO 10-s OLS (log-rank test=85.6; p<0.001). In an adjusted model incorporating age, sex, body mass index and comorbidities, the HR of all-cause mortality was higher (1.84 (95% CI: 1.23 to 2.78) (p<0.001)) for NO individuals. Adding 10-s OLS to a model containing established risk factors was associated with significantly improved mortality risk prediction as measured by differences in -2 log likelihood and integrated discrimination improvement. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of uncontrolled variables such as recent history of falls and physical activity, the ability to successfully complete the 10-s OLS is independently associated with all-cause mortality and adds relevant prognostic information beyond age, sex and several other anthropometric and clinical variables. There is potential benefit to including the 10-s OLS as part of routine physical examination in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jari Antero Laukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kyopio, Finland.,Central Finland Health Care District, Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Setor Kunutsor
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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11
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Chaseling G, Batlett A, Capon A, Crandall C, Fiatarone Singh M, Bi P, Nigam A, Jay O, Gagnon D. Effects of Beta‐Blockers on Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain of Adults With Coronary Artery Disease During Extreme Heat Events. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Bi
- University of AdelaideAdelaide
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12
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Martínez-Velilla N, Abizanda P, Gómez-Pavón J, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Fiatarone Singh M, Izquierdo M. Effect of an Exercise Intervention on Functional Decline in Very Old Patients During Acute Hospitalizations: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182:345-347. [PMID: 35040873 PMCID: PMC8767490 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This randomized clinical trial examines the effectiveness and generalizability of implementing a multicomponent exercise program for treating functional decline associated with acute hospitalization in very old patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Martínez-Velilla
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Abizanda
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Pavón
- Department of Geriatric, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, San José y Santa Adela, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, Massachusetts
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Shen T, Sheriff S, You Y, Jiang J, Schulz A, Francis H, Mirzaei M, Saks D, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Singh MF, Klistorner A, Wen W, Sachdev P, Gupta VK, Graham SL. Evaluating associations of RNFL thickness and multifocal VEP with cognitive assessment and brain MRI volumes in older adults: Optic nerve decline and cognitive change (ONDCC) initiative. Aging Brain 2022; 2:100049. [PMID: 36908892 PMCID: PMC9997126 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationships of retinal structural (optical coherence tomography) and visual functional (multifocal visual evoked potentials, mfVEP) indices with neuropsychological and brain structural measurements in healthy older subjects. 95 participants (mean (SD) age 68.1 (9.0)) years were recruited in the Optic Nerve Decline and Cognitive Change (ONDCC) study in this observational clinical investigation. OCT was conducted for retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and mfVEP for amplitude and latency measurements. Participants undertook neuropsychological tests for cognitive performance and MRI for volumetric evaluation of various brain regions. Generalised estimating equation models were used for association analysis (p < 0.05). The brain volumetric measures including total grey matter (GM), cortex, thalamus, hippocampal and fourth ventricular volumes were significantly associated with global and sectoral RNFL. RNFL thickness correlated with delayed recalls of California verbal learning test (CVLT) and Rey complex figure test (RCFT). The mfVEP amplitudes associated with cerebral white matter (WM) and cingulate GM volumes in MRI and CVLT, RCFT and trail making test outcomes. A significant association of mfVEP latency with logical memory delayed recall and thalamus volume was also observed. Our results suggested significant association of specific RNFL and mfVEP measures with distinctive brain region volumes and cognitive tests reflecting performance in memory, visuospatial and executive functional domains. These findings indicate that the mfVEP and RNFL measurements may parallel brain structural and neuropsychological measures in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Macquarie University.
| | - Samran Sheriff
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and the Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Schulz
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Francis
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danit Saks
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Alexander Klistorner
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and the Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing and the Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek K. Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Macquarie University.
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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15
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Máté S, Soutter M, Hackett D, Barnett M, Singh MF, Fornusek C. PILOT STUDY OF ENHANCING CARDIORESPIRATORY EXERCISE RESPONSE IN PEOPLE WITH ADVANCED MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS WITH HYBRID FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 102:2385-2392. [PMID: 34283994 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate through a pilot study the acute cardiorespiratory responses during functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling, arm cranking exercise (ACE) and a combination of ACE and FES cycling (Hybrid FES cycling) in people with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) to provide preliminary guidance for effective aerobic exercise prescription. DESIGN Acute repeated measures. SETTING Laboratory setting. PARTICIPANTS Inclusion criteria was a diagnosis of MS, with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6.0 to 8.5. Included were 9 participants (7 female, age 54.7 ± 8.8 years, EDSS 7.0 ± 7.2). INTERVENTION Participants were assessed on three different exercise modalities (FES cycling, ACE, Hybrid FES cycling) at 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of mode-specific peak workload. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured at each workload. RESULTS Hybrid FES cycling evoked a significantly higher VO2relative (mL∙kg-1∙min-1) and HR (bpm) at most workloads as compared with ACE or FES cycling. At the 100% workload, HR for Hybrid FES cycling was 125 (113-148) bpm and was significantly higher than ACE at 99 (95-119) bpm (p=0.008) and FES cycling at 94 (79-100) bpm (p=0.008). Similarly, at the 100% workload, VO2relative for Hybrid FES cycling was 11.8 (7.6-17.6) mL∙kg-1∙min-1 and was significantly higher than ACE at 8.9 (5.3-12.5) mL∙kg-1∙min-1 (p=0.012) and FES cycling at 6.8 (4.1-9.2) mL∙kg-1∙min-1 (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study showed that Hybrid FES cycling can elicit a greater cardiorespiratory response compared to ACE or FES cycling in people with advanced MS. Thus, Hybrid FES cycling might provide a potent enough stimulus to induce clinically relevant changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Training studies are warranted to document the magnitude and sustainability of aerobic capacity adaptations to Hybrid FES cycling and associated health outcomes in advanced MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Máté
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Megan Soutter
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Hackett
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ché Fornusek
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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16
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Hackett DA, Mitchell L, Wilson GC, Valenzuela T, Hollings M, Fiatarone Singh M. A Case Study of an 87-Year-Old Male Bodybuilder with Complex Health Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070664. [PMID: 34203123 PMCID: PMC8306742 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory clinical case report presents an 87-year-old man who began bodybuilding at the age of 76 years and was officially recognised as the world’s oldest competitive bodybuilder, competing until age 83. He has a background of complex health conditions including polio, strokes, cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, prostate disease, osteoarthritis, depression, bowel obstruction, reflux, and bladder cancer. Assessments of body composition, bone density, muscle performance, and diet-related practices were performed. The bodybuilder had superior fat-free mass, lower fat mass, and generally greater muscle performance compared to untrained healthy males of a similar age. Commencement of bodybuilding in older age appears to be possible, even with ongoing complex health conditions, and the potential benefits of this practice require systematic investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (G.C.W.); (T.V.); (M.H.); (M.F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-9294; Fax: +61-2-9351-9204
| | - Lachlan Mitchell
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Guy C. Wilson
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (G.C.W.); (T.V.); (M.H.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Trinidad Valenzuela
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (G.C.W.); (T.V.); (M.H.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Matthew Hollings
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (G.C.W.); (T.V.); (M.H.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (G.C.W.); (T.V.); (M.H.); (M.F.S.)
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, USA
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17
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Hackett D, Roberts-Clarke D, Halaki M, Burns J, Singh MF, Fornusek C. High intensity power training in middle-aged women with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease: a case series. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2021. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/aims High-intensity power training has been shown to be effective in improving muscular capabilities, functional performance and health-related quality of life in populations with physical impairments. However, the effectiveness of high-intensity power training in people with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease remains uncertain. This case series investigated the effects of high-intensity power training on muscle performance, function and health-related quality of life in middle-aged women with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Methods Four women (age 51–58 years) with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A participated in 8 weeks of supervised high-intensity power training. Results All participants improved strength of the right hip abductors (46.7–109.7%) and left hip abductors (27.3–128.6%), maximal gait speed (2.3–9.1%), static balance (0.7–4.9%), tandem walk (−3.3 to −58.5%), and mental component scores on the Short Form 36 Health Status Survey (0.8–27.6%). Adherence to high-intensity power training was 100% and only one minor adverse event related to the intervention was reported. Conclusions Although promising, larger controlled studies are indicated to confirm the safety and efficacy of high-intensity progressive resistance and power training in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Roberts-Clarke
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- The University of Sydney & The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Che Fornusek
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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18
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Singh MF, Sharma P, Hollings M, Mavros Y, Kay S, Anderberg KA, Baker MK, Wang Y, Zhao RR, Meiklejohn J, Climstein M, O'Sullivan A, De Vos N, Baune BT, Simar D, Singh N, Blair SN. Effect Of High Intensity Power Training On Blood Pressure In Type 2 Diabetes: Great2Do Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000679880.44399.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Haghighi MM, Mavros Y, Kay S, Anderberg KA, Baker MK, Wang Y, Zhao RR, Meiklejohn J, Climstein M, O'Sullivan A, De Vos N, Baune BT, Blair SN, Simar D, Singh N, Schlicht J, Singh MF. Six-year Effects Of Power Training On Physical Activity In Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000679900.47204.0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Sharif A, Lavee J, Baquero A, Fiatarone Singh M, Matas D, Richards B, Shapiro ME, Trey T, Rogers W. Reply to Chen et al. Transpl Int 2020; 33:819-820. [PMID: 32339343 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Sharif
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jacob Lavee
- Heart Transplantation Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ashley Baquero
- Dominican Transplant Institute, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - David Matas
- International Human Rights Lawyer, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bernadette Richards
- Research Unit for the Study of Society, Ethics & The Law, Adelaide Law School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael E Shapiro
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, University Hospital, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Torsten Trey
- Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wendy Rogers
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,International Advisory Board of the International Coalition to End Transplant Abuse in China
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21
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Tran D, D'Ambrosio P, Verrall CE, Attard C, Briody J, D'Souza M, Fiatarone Singh M, Ayer J, d'Udekem Y, Twigg S, Davis GM, Celermajer DS, Cordina R. Body Composition in Young Adults Living With a Fontan Circulation: The Myopenic Profile. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015639. [PMID: 32290749 PMCID: PMC7428525 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background We sought to characterize body composition abnormalities in young patients living with a Fontan circulation and explore potential pathophysiologic associations. Methods and Results Twenty‐eight patients with a Fontan circulation were prospectively recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, echocardiography, and biochemical assessment. Mean age was 26±7 years. Skeletal muscle mass, estimated by appendicular lean mass index Z score, was reduced compared with reference data (−1.49±1.10, P<0.001). Percentage body fat Z score overall was within normal range (0.23±1.26, P=0.35), although 46% had elevated adiposity. Those with reduced skeletal muscle mass (appendicular lean mass index Z score of −1 or lower) had lower percent predicted oxygen pulse (55±15 versus 76±16%, P=0.002). Overall agreement between body mass index and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry to assess adiposity was fair only (weighted [linear] κ coefficient: 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34–0.73) and slight in the setting of muscle mass deficiency (weighted κ coefficient: 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13–0.50). Appendicular lean mass was independently associated with absolute peak VO2 (β=70.6 mL/min, P=0.001). Appendicular lean mass index Z score was inversely associated with hemoglobin (r=−0.4, P=0.04), and the degree of muscle deficit was associated with ventricular systolic impairment. Conclusions Young patients with a Fontan circulation have a body composition characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass, which is associated with peak exercise capacity. Increased adiposity is common despite a normal body mass index. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with systolic dysfunction and compensatory erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Tran
- Sydney School of Health Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Paolo D'Ambrosio
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Charlotte E Verrall
- Heart Centre for Children The Children's Hospital at Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Chantal Attard
- Haematology Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Julie Briody
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The Children's Hospital at Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Mario D'Souza
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Julian Ayer
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Heart Centre for Children The Children's Hospital at Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Yves d'Udekem
- Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia.,Department of Cardiac Surgery Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen Twigg
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Department of Endocrinology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Glen M Davis
- Sydney School of Health Sciences The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia.,Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
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22
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Ginige JA, Boulamatsis C, Heffernan M, San Jose JC, Chuprov I, Chau T, Maeder A, Valenzuela M, Fiatarone Singh M, Mavros Y, Noble Y, Radd-Vagenas S, Guerrero Y, Jain N, O'Leary F, Kochan N, Brodaty H. Fully-Online, Interoperable Clinical Trial Management System for Multi-Interventional RCT: Maintain Your Brain Digital Platform. Stud Health Technol Inform 2020; 268:97-112. [PMID: 32141882 DOI: 10.3233/shti200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Maintain Your Brain (MYB)i is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of multiple online interventions designed to target modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Traditional clinical trial management systems (CTMS) requirements consist of features such as management of the study, site, subject (participant), clinical outcomes, external and internal requests, education, data extraction and reporting, security, and privacy. In addition to fulfilling these traditional requirements, MYB has a specific set of features that needs to be fulfilled. These specific requirements include: (i) support for multiple interventions within a study, (ii) flexible interoperability options with third-party software providers, (iii) study participants being able to engage in online activities via web-based interfaces throughout the trial (from screening to follow-up), (iv) ability to algorithmically personalize trial activities based on the needs of the participant, and (v) the ability to handle large volumes of data over a long period. This paper outlines how the existing CTMSs fall short in meeting these specific requirements. The presented system architecture, development approach and lessons learned in the implementation of the MYB digital platform will inform researchers attempting to implement CTMSs for trials comparable to MYB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Boulamatsis
- School of Computer, Mathematical and Data Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney
| | - Megan Heffernan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos San Jose
- School of Computer, Mathematical and Data Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Igor Chuprov
- School of Computer, Mathematical and Data Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney
| | - Tiffany Chau
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Maeder
- Flinders Digital Health Research Centre and Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Yorgi Mavros
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yian Noble
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Radd-Vagenas
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yareni Guerrero
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nidhi Jain
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona O'Leary
- School of Life and Environmental Science and The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Lancaster R, Radd‐Vagenas S, Fiatarone Singh M, Noble Y, Daniel K, Mavros Y, Sachdev PS, Lautenschlager N, Cox K, Brodaty H, O'Leary F, Flood VM. Electronic food records among middle‐aged and older people: A comparison of self‐reported and dietitian‐assisted information. Nutr Diet 2020; 78:145-153. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Hebrew Senior Life and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Yian Noble
- The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kenneth Daniel
- The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Nicola Lautenschlager
- Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- North Western Mental Health Melbourne Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Kay Cox
- Medical School University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Fiona O'Leary
- The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Victoria M. Flood
- The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health District Westmead Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
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24
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Broadhouse KM, Singh MF, Suo C, Gates N, Wen W, Brodaty H, Jain N, Wilson GC, Meiklejohn J, Singh N, Baune BT, Baker M, Foroughi N, Wang Y, Kochan N, Ashton K, Brown M, Li Z, Mavros Y, Sachdev PS, Valenzuela MJ. Hippocampal plasticity underpins long-term cognitive gains from resistance exercise in MCI. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 25:102182. [PMID: 31978826 PMCID: PMC6974789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dementia affects 47 million individuals worldwide, and assuming the status quo is projected to rise to 150 million by 2050. Prevention of age-related cognitive impairment in older persons with lifestyle interventions continues to garner evidence but whether this can combat underlying neurodegeneration is unknown. The Study of Mental Activity and Resistance Training (SMART) trial has previously reported within-training findings; the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term neurostructural and cognitive impact of resistance exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). For the first time we show that hippocampal subareas particularly susceptible to volume loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are protected by resistance exercise for up to one year after training. One hundred MCI participants were randomised to one of four training groups: (1) Combined high intensity progressive resistance and computerised cognitive training (PRT+CCT), (2) PRT+Sham CCT, (3) CCT+Sham PRT, (4) Sham physical+sham cognitive training (SHAM+SHAM). Physical, neuropsychological and MRI assessments were carried out at baseline, 6 months (directly after training) and 18 months from baseline (12 months after intervention cessation). Here we report neuro-structural and functional changes over the 18-month trial period and the association with global cognitive and executive function measures. PRT but not CCT or PRT+CCT led to global long-term cognitive improvements above SHAM intervention at 18-month follow-up. Furthermore, hippocampal subfields susceptible to atrophy in AD were protected by PRT revealing an elimination of long-term atrophy in the left subiculum, and attenuation of atrophy in left CA1 and dentate gyrus when compared to SHAM+SHAM (p = 0.023, p = 0.020 and p = 0.027). These neuroprotective effects mediated a significant portion of long-term cognitive benefits. By contrast, within-training posterior cingulate plasticity decayed after training cessation and was unrelated to long term cognitive benefits. Neither general physical activity levels nor fitness change over the 18-month period mediated hippocampal trajectory, demonstrating that enduring hippocampal subfield plasticity is not a simple reflection of post-training changes in fitness or physical activity participation. Notably, resting-state fMRI analysis revealed that both the hippocampus and posterior cingulate participate in a functional network that continued to be upregulated following intervention cessation. Multiple structural mechanisms may contribute to the long-term global cognitive benefit of resistance exercise, developing along different time courses but functionally linked. For the first time we show that 6 months of high intensity resistance exercise is capable of not only promoting better cognition in those with MCI, but also protecting AD-vulnerable hippocampal subfields from degeneration for at least 12 months post-intervention. These findings emphasise the therapeutic potential of resistance exercise; however, future work will need to establish just how long-lived these outcomes are and whether they are sufficient to delay dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Broadhouse
- Nola Thompson Centre for Advanced Imaging, Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia; Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia; Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Suo
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Gates
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy C Wilson
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacinda Meiklejohn
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Nalin Singh
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Baker
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia; School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Nasim Foroughi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine and the Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Brown
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia; King's College London National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Centre, UK
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Valenzuela
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Bohn-Goldbaum E, Pascoe A, Singh MF, Singh N, Kok J, Dwyer DE, Mathieson E, Booy R, Edwards KM. Acute exercise decreases vaccine reactions following influenza vaccination among older adults. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 1:100009. [PMID: 38377422 PMCID: PMC8474530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although valuable and effective in decreasing disease burden, influenza vaccination has low rates of efficacy, especially in those at most risk. Studies have shown that acute exercise can improve vaccine responses, most consistently with weaker antigens. Here we examined the effect of resistance exercise on the acute and longer-term responses to influenza vaccination among healthy older adults. Forty-six participants (47.8% male, mean 73.4 ± 6.6 years) were randomised to perform one 45-min moderate-intensity resistance exercise session or sit quietly prior to the receipt of influenza vaccination. Acute exercise reduced vaccine reactions but had no effect on either antibody responses or development of influenza-like symptoms during six months of follow-up. Psychosocial and behavioural characteristics were examined for potential associations with the responses to vaccination. Participants (n = 36) vaccinated in the previous year had higher baseline antibody titres but not follow-up titres nor more frequent experience of influenza-like symptoms over 6 months compared to those unvaccinated in the previous year. These findings provide further support for the ability of acute exercise to reduce vaccine reactions and suggest risk factors for vaccine responses for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bohn-Goldbaum
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - April Pascoe
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Lidcombe, Australia
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nalin Singh
- The Centre for STRONG Medicine, Pymble, NSW, Australia
| | - Jen Kok
- Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominic E. Dwyer
- Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Robert Booy
- The University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate M. Edwards
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia
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26
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Penninkilampi R, Casey AN, Singh MF, Brodaty H. The Association between Social Engagement, Loneliness, and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1619-1633. [PMID: 30452410 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that social engagement may be associated with dementia risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, Biomed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2012 - May 2017, supplemented by extraction from previous reviews. We included cohort and case-control studies examining the association between social engagement or loneliness and dementia risk, pooling data using a random-effects model. Registered: PROSPERO (CRD42017067074). We included 31 cohort and 2 case-control studies comprising 2,370,452 participants. Poor social engagement indices were associated with increased dementia risk, including having a poor social network (RR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.31-1.96; I2 = 0.00%) and poor social support (RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62; I2 = 55.51%). In long-term studies (≥10 years), good social engagement was modestly protective (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96; I2 = 0.00%). Loneliness was non-significantly associated with increased risk (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.98-1.94; I2 = 45.32). Our findings encourage interventions targeting social isolation and disengagement for dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Penninkilampi
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne-Nicole Casey
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- The University of Sydney, faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Academic Department for Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
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27
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D’Ambrosio P, Tran D, Verrall CE, Attard C, Singh MF, Ayer J, d’Udekem Y, Twigg S, Celermajer DS, Cordina R. Prevalence and risk factors for low bone density in adults with a Fontan circulation. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2019; 14:987-995. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D’Ambrosio
- Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Derek Tran
- Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Charlotte E. Verrall
- The Heart Centre for Children The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Chantal Attard
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Ageing Tufts University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Julian Ayer
- The Heart Centre for Children The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Yves d’Udekem
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Pediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen Twigg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Endocrinology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - David S. Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
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28
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Radd-Vagenas S, Kouris-Blazos A, Singh MF, Flood VM. Evolution of Mediterranean diets and cuisine: concepts and definitions. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2019; 26:749-763. [PMID: 28802282 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.082016.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Mediterranean diet has been demonstrated to provide a range of health benefits in observational and clinical trials and adopted by various dietary guidelines. However, a broad range of definitions exist impeding synthesis across trials. This review aims to provide a historical description of Mediterranean diets, from the ancient to the modern, to inform future educational and diet index tool development representing the 'traditional' Mediterranean diet. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Nine databases were searched from inception to July 2015 to identify papers defining the Mediterranean diet. The definition accepted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was also reviewed. RESULTS The 'traditional' Mediterranean diet is described as high in unprocessed plant foods (grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts/seeds and extra virgin olive oil), moderate in fish/shellfish and wine and low in meat, dairy, eggs, animal fats and discretionary foods. Additional elements relating to cuisine and eating habits identified in this review include frequent intake of home cooked meals; use of moist, lower temperature, cooking methods; eating main meals in company; reduced snacking occasions; fasting practice; ownership of a vegetable garden; use of traditional foods and combinations; and napping after the midday meal. CONCLUSIONS Scope exists for future tools to incorporate additional elements of the 'traditional' Mediterranean diet to improve the quality, consistency, and synthesis of ongoing research on the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Radd-Vagenas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antigone Kouris-Blazos
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. ; .,St Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
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29
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Parmenter BJ, Mavros Y, Ritti Dias R, King S, Fiatarone Singh M. Resistance training as a treatment for older persons with peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:452-461. [PMID: 30979698 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistance training (RT) improves walking ability in persons with peripheral artery disease. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of RT on peripheral artery disease (as measured by walking ability). DESIGN We included RCTs that investigated the effect of RT on treadmill and/or 6 min walk (6-MWT) distances. RT intensity was assessed according to the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines by 1 repetition maximum or rating of perceived exertion. Standardised mean (SMD) and mean differences (MD) were calculated using a random-effects inverse variance model. Heterogeneity and bias were assessed using RevMan V.5.3. Meta-regression and meta-analysis of variance were performed as moderator analyses. DATA SOURCES Databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cinahl and Google Scholar) were searched until July 2018. RESULTS Fifteen trials isolated RT; 7 trials compared RT with aerobic exercise. We analysed 826 patients (n=363 completing RT), with a mean age of 67.1±3.8 years. Training ranged from low-high intensity, 2-7 times per week for 17±7 weeks, with a mix of upper, lower or whole body training. Overall RT significantly improved constant load treadmill claudication onset (COD) (SMD 0.66 [0.40, 0.93], p<0.00001) and total walking distance (WD) (SMD 0.51 [0.23, 0.79], p=0.0003), progressive treadmill COD (SMD 0.56 [0.00, 1.13], p=0.05) and total WD (SMD 0.45 [0.08, 0.83], p=0.02), and 6-MWT COD (MD 82.23 m [40.91, 123.54], p<0.0001). Intensity played a role in improvement, with high-intensity training yielding the greatest improvement (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS RT clinically improved treadmill and flat ground walking ability in persons with peripheral artery disease. Higher intensity training was associated with better outcomes. Our study makes a case for clinicians to include high-intensity lower body RT in the treatment of peripheral artery disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017081184.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Parmenter
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raphael Ritti Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie King
- Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Rogers W, Robertson MP, Ballantyne A, Blakely B, Catsanos R, Clay-Williams R, Fiatarone Singh M. Compliance with ethical standards in the reporting of donor sources and ethics review in peer-reviewed publications involving organ transplantation in China: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024473. [PMID: 30723071 PMCID: PMC6377532 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate whether papers reporting research on Chinese transplant recipients comply with international professional standards aimed at excluding publication of research that: (1) involves any biological material from executed prisoners; (2) lacks Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and (3) lacks consent of donors. DESIGN Scoping review based on Arksey and O'Mallee's methodological framework. DATA SOURCES Medline, Scopus and Embase were searched from January 2000 to April 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included research papers published in peer-reviewed English-language journals reporting on outcomes of research involving recipients of transplanted hearts, livers or lungs in mainland China. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by individual authors working independently following training and benchmarking. Descriptive statistics were compiled using Excel. RESULTS 445 included studies reported on outcomes of 85 477 transplants. 412 (92.5%) failed to report whether or not organs were sourced from executed prisoners; and 439 (99%) failed to report that organ sources gave consent for transplantation. In contrast, 324 (73%) reported approval from an IRB. Of the papers claiming that no prisoners' organs were involved in the transplants, 19 of them involved 2688 transplants that took place prior to 2010, when there was no volunteer donor programme in China. DISCUSSION The transplant research community has failed to implement ethical standards banning publication of research using material from executed prisoners. As a result, a large body of unethical research now exists, raising issues of complicity and moral hazard to the extent that the transplant community uses and benefits from the results of this research. We call for retraction of this literature pending investigation of individual papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Rogers
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Angela Ballantyne
- Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Brette Blakely
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Robyn Clay-Williams
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Penninkilampi R, Casey AN, Singh MF, Brodaty H. The Association between Social Engagement, Loneliness, and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018. [PMID: 30452410 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that social engagement may be associated with dementia risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, Biomed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2012 - May 2017, supplemented by extraction from previous reviews. We included cohort and case-control studies examining the association between social engagement or loneliness and dementia risk, pooling data using a random-effects model. Registered: PROSPERO (CRD42017067074). We included 31 cohort and 2 case-control studies comprising 2,370,452 participants. Poor social engagement indices were associated with increased dementia risk, including having a poor social network (RR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.31-1.96; I2 = 0.00%) and poor social support (RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62; I2 = 55.51%). In long-term studies (≥10 years), good social engagement was modestly protective (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96; I2 = 0.00%). Loneliness was non-significantly associated with increased risk (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.98-1.94; I2 = 45.32). Our findings encourage interventions targeting social isolation and disengagement for dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Penninkilampi
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne-Nicole Casey
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- The University of Sydney, faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Academic Department for Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
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Hackett D, Roberts-Clarke D, Jain N, Mavros Y, Wilson GC, Halaki M, Burns J, Nicholson G, Fiatarone Singh M, Fornusek C. Body composition and its association with physical performance, quality of life, and clinical indicators in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 41:405-412. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1395083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hackett
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Roberts-Clarke
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy C. Wilson
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
- Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Concord Clinical School, ANZAC Institute, Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Che Fornusek
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Hollings M, Mavros Y, Freeston J, Fiatarone Singh M. The effect of progressive resistance training on aerobic fitness and strength in adults with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:1242-1259. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487317713329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hollings
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Freeston
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Centre on Aging, Tufts University, USA
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Wilson G, Mavros Y, Kay S, Simar D, Simpson K, Baker M, Wang Y, Zhao R, Meiklejohn J, De Vos N, Climstein M, O’Sillivan A, Baune B, Blair S, Singh N, Singh MF. Power Training In Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes; Outcomes From The Great2do Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517267.41733.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roberts-Clarke D, Fornusek C, Saigal N, Halaki M, Burns J, Nicholson G, Fiatarone Singh M, Hackett D. Relationship between physical performance and quality of life in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a pilot study. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2016; 21:357-364. [DOI: 10.1111/jns.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roberts-Clarke
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Che Fornusek
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Nidhi Saigal
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
- Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales; Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead); Sydney Australia
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Concord Clinical School; ANZAC Institute, Concord Repatriation Hospital; Concord Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
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Rogers WA, Trey T, Fiatarone Singh M, Bridgett M, Bramstedt KA, Lavee J. Smoke and mirrors: unanswered questions and misleading statements obscure the truth about organ sources in China. J Med Ethics 2016; 42:552-553. [PMID: 27145810 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This response refutes the claim made in a recent article that organs for transplantation in China will no longer be sourced from executed prisoners. We identify ongoing ethical problems due to the lack of transparent data on current numbers of transplants in China; implausible and conflicting claims about voluntary donations; and obfuscation about who counts as a voluntary donor. The big unanswered question in Chinese transplant ethics is the source of organs, and until there is an open and independently audited system in China, legitimate concerns remain about organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Rogers
- Department of Philosophy and Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Torsten Trey
- Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting, Washington DC, USA
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Jacob Lavee
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Chan D, Green S, Fiatarone Singh M, Barnard R, Cheema BS. Development, feasibility, and efficacy of a customized exercise device to deliver intradialytic resistance training in patients with end stage renal disease: Non-randomized controlled crossover trial. Hemodial Int 2016; 20:650-660. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danwin Chan
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Simon Green
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert Barnard
- Centre for Physical Activity in Ageing; Northfield South Australia Australia
| | - Birinder S. Cheema
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Penrith New South Wales Australia
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine; Penrith New South Wales Australia
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Hoffmann TC, Maher CG, Briffa T, Sherrington C, Bennell K, Alison J, Singh MF, Glasziou PP. Prescribing exercise interventions for patients with chronic conditions. CMAJ 2016; 188:510-518. [PMID: 26976965 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.150684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy C Hoffmann
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris G Maher
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tom Briffa
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Bennell
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Alison
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul P Glasziou
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (Hoffmann, Glasziou), Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia; School of Population Health (Briffa), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Health (Bennell), Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy (Alison), Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney; The George Institute for Global Health (Maher), Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group (Singh), Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Vita P, Cardona-Morrell M, Bauman A, Singh MF, Moore M, Pennock R, Snow J, Williams M, Jackson L, Milat A, Colagiuri S. Type 2 diabetes prevention in the community: 12-Month outcomes from the Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 112:13-19. [PMID: 26724186 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program (SDPP) was a community-based type 2 diabetes prevention translational research study with screening and recruitment in the primary health care setting. We aimed to investigate the program's effectiveness in reducing risk factors for diabetes as well as the program's reach, adoption and implementation. METHODS 1238 participants aged 50-65 years at high-risk of developing type 2 diabetes were recruited by primary care physicians in the greater Sydney region. The intervention, delivered by trained allied health professionals, included an initial consultation, three group sessions/individual sessions, three follow-up phone calls, and a final review at 12 months. Biomarkers and behavioural goals were compared between baseline and 12 months. RESULTS At baseline, the mean age of those who entered the program was 58.8 ± 4.4 years, 63% female, and the mean body mass index was 31.6 ± 5.2 kg/m(2). There was a significant weight reduction of 2 ± 4.3 kg (p<0.02) in the 850 participants who completed the 12-month follow-up accompanied by improvements in diet (total fat, saturated fat, and fibre intake) and physical activity. There were also significant reductions in waist circumference 2.6 ± 4.7 cm (p<0.001) and total cholesterol -0.2 ± 0.8 mmol/L (p<0.001) but not blood glucose. The diabetes risk reduction was estimated to be 30%, consistent with similar trials. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that a community-based lifestyle modification program is effective in reducing important risk factors for diabetes in individuals at high-risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Vita
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Magnolia Cardona-Morrell
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; The Simpson Centre for Health Services Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Michael Moore
- Inner West Sydney Medicare Local, Sydney 2131, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rene Pennock
- Sydney South West Medicare Local, Sydney 2560, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jill Snow
- Sydney South West Medicare Local, Sydney 2560, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mandy Williams
- Sydney South West and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney 2170, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Andrew Milat
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney 2060, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stephen Colagiuri
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
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Sman AD, Hackett D, Fiatarone Singh M, Fornusek C, Menezes MP, Burns J. Systematic review of exercise for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015; 20:347-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jns.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy D. Sman
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Westmead Australia
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
- Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales; Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead); Sydney Australia
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
- Sydney Medical School & Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney; Camperdown Australia
- Hebrew Senior Life, and Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Ché Fornusek
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Manoj P. Menezes
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Westmead Australia
- T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Westmead Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Westmead Australia
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
- Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales; Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead); Sydney Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Trey
- Doctors Against Forced Organ Procurement, Washington DC, USA
| | - Adnan Sharif
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- Exercise, Health and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zain Khalpey
- Heart Transplant Program, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Arthur L Caplan
- Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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CORREA ANAPAULAS, Schaan BD, Baker M, Meiklejohn J, Wilson G, Saigal N, Costa-Hong V, Bortolotto LA, Singh MF. Maximal Dynamic Strength Testing Does Not Alter Arterial Stiffness In Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495076.15552.9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Parmenter B, Baker M, Mavros Y, Gates N, Simpson K, Meiklejohn J, Saigal N, Wilson G, Kay S, Zhao R, Wang Y, Dos-Santos-Correa A, Valenzuela M, Sachdev P, Singh N, Baune B, Suo C, Foroughi N, Climstein M, O’Sullivan A, Blair S, Dinnen P, Lusby R, Raymond J, Singh MF. Muscle Strength Is Impaired In Peripheral Arterial Disease And Predicts Flat Ground Walking Ability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494315.34964.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tsang TW, Kohn MR, Chow CM, Singh MF. Self-Perception and Attitude Toward Physical Activity in Overweight/Obese Adolescents: The “Martial Fitness” Study. Res Sports Med 2013; 21:37-51. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2012.738444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey W. Tsang
- a Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Michael R. Kohn
- b Centre for Research into Adolescent's Health , The Sydney Children's Hospital Network and Westmead Hospital , Westmead , Australia
- c Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Chin Moi Chow
- a Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Maria Fiatarone Singh
- a Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Science , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
- d Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
- e Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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Clemson L, Singh MF, Bundy A, Cumming RG, Weissel E, Munro J, Manollaras K, Black D. LiFE Pilot Study: A randomised trial of balance and strength training embedded in daily life activity to reduce falls in older adults. Aust Occup Ther J 2011; 57:42-50. [PMID: 20854564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise as a falls prevention strategy is more complex with people at risk than with the general population. The Lifestyle approach to reducing Falls through Exercise (LiFE) involves embedding balance and lower limb strength training in habitual daily routines. METHODS A total of 34 community-residing people aged ≥70 years were randomised either into the LiFE programme or into a no-intervention control group and followed up for six months. Inclusion criteria were two or more falls or an injurious fall in the past year. RESULTS There were 12 falls in the intervention group and 35 in the control group. Therelative risk (RR) analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in falls (RR = 0.23; 0.07-0.83). There were indications that dynamic balance (P = 0.04 at three months) and efficacy beliefs (P = 0.04 at six months) improved for the LiFE programme participants. In general, secondary physical and health status outcomes, which were hypothesised as potential mediators of fall risk, improved minimally and inconsistently. CONCLUSIONS LiFE was effective in reducing recurrent falls in this at-risk sample. However, there were minimal changes in secondary measures. The study was feasible in terms of recruitment, randomisation, blinding and data collection. A larger randomised trial is needed to investigate long-term efficacy, mechanisms of benefit and clinical significance of this new intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Clemson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize the evidence for the effects of martial arts on health and fitness, to show the strengths of different types of martial arts, and to get a more complete picture of the impacts of martial arts on health, and also to provide a basis for future research on martial arts as an exercise prescription in exercise therapy. METHOD We searched for "martial arts""health" and "random" in eight databases (n= 5432). Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials on the health effects of martial arts were included in the study. RESULTS The final analysis included 28 papers (one general martial arts, one kung fu, sixteen tai chi, six judo, three karate, and one taekwondo). Among the disciplines of martial arts, tai chi was the most well-studied, followed by judo, karate, and taekwondo. Research topics varied widely, and included health, injuries, competition, morals and psychology, and herbal medicine. Most found positive effects on health. Tai chi is no-contact, low-impact, soft body and mindfulness exercise, which has been widely adopted by elderly people and proven to be a beneficial health promotion exercise. Research on judo, karate, and taekwondo mainly focused on improvements to athletes' competitive abilities, rather than on health effects. We did not find any published randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials on aikido, kendo, sumo, kyudo, qi gong, or other disciplines. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Since martial arts are widely practiced, their effects on physiology, morphology, immunology, and neurology should be further studied in order to help people to select the best discipline or style to accomplish their purposes. This necessitates categorizing and classifying the disciplines and styles according to their effects on different body systems and levels of contact, as well as standardizing evaluation criteria for martial arts. Martial arts as an exercise prescription can then move from an experience-based to an evidence-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
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Cheema B, Abas H, Smith B, O'Sullivan AJ, Chan M, Patwardhan A, Kelly J, Gillin A, Pang G, Lloyd B, Berger K, Baune BT, Singh MF. Investigation of skeletal muscle quantity and quality in end-stage renal disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2010; 15:454-63. [PMID: 20609098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2009.01261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM A more precise understanding of the aetiology and sequelae of muscle wasting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is required for the development of effective interventions to target this pathology. METHODS We investigated 49 patients with ESRD (62.6 +/- 14.2 years, 0.3-16.7 years on haemodialysis). Thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), intramuscular lipid and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were measured via computed tomography as indices of muscle quantity (i.e. CSA) and quality (i.e. intramuscular lipid and IMAT). Additional health and clinical measures were investigated to determine associations with these variables. RESULTS Age, energy intake, disease burden, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nutritional status, strength and functioning were related to muscle quantity and quality. Potential aetiological factors entered into forward stepwise regression models indicated that hypoalbuminaemia and lower body mass index accounted significantly and independently for 32% of the variance in muscle CSA (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), while older age and interleukin-8 accounted for 41% of the variance in intramuscular lipid (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and body mass index accounted for 45% of the variance in IMAT (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). Stepwise regression models revealed that intramuscular lipid was independently predictive of habitual gait velocity and 6 min walk distance, while CSA was independently predictive of maximal isometric strength (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ageing, poor nutritional status and elevated interleukin-8 are factors potentially contributing to the loss of muscle quality and quantity in ESRD. These deficits can predict functional impairments, with intramuscular lipid accumulation most closely related to decline of submaximal musculoskeletal performance (walking), and low muscle CSA most closely related to decline of maximal performance (peak isometric strength).
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Affiliation(s)
- Birinder Cheema
- Exercise, Health and Performance Research Group, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia.
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Colagiuri S, Vita P, Cardona-Morrell M, Singh MF, Farrell L, Milat A, Haas M, Bauman A. The Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program: a community-based translational study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:328. [PMID: 20534170 PMCID: PMC2898827 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem in Australia with prevalence increasing in parallel with increasing obesity. Prevention is an essential component of strategies to reduce the diabetes burden. There is strong and consistent evidence from randomised controlled trials that type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed through lifestyle modification which improves diet, increases physical activity and achieves weight loss in at risk people. The current challenge is to translate this evidence into routine community settings, determine feasible and effective ways of delivering the intervention and providing on-going support to sustain successful behavioural changes. Methods/Design The Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program (SDPP) is a translational study which will be conducted in 1,550 participants aged 50-65 years (including 100 indigenous people aged 18 years and older) at high risk of future development of diabetes. Participants will be identified through a screening and recruitment program delivered through primary care and will be offered a community-based lifestyle modification intervention. The intervention comprises an initial individual session and three group sessions based on behaviour change principles and focuses on five goals: 5% weight loss, 210 min/week physical activity (aerobic and strength training exercise), limit dietary fat and saturated fat to less than 30% and 10% of energy intake respectively, and at least 15 g/1000 kcal dietary fibre. This is followed by 3-monthly contact with participants to review progress and offer ongoing lifestyle advice for 12 months. The effectiveness and costs of the program on diabetes-related risk factors will be evaluated. Main outcomes include changes in weight, physical activity, and dietary changes (fat, saturated fat and fibre intake). Secondary outcomes include changes in waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, lipids, quality of life, psychological well being, medication use and health service utilization. Discussion This translational study will ascertain the reach, feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle modification program delivered in a community setting through primary health care. If demonstrated to be effective, it will result in recommendations for policy change and practical methods for a wider community program for preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in high risk people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Colagiuri
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Exercise, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is an increasing problem in adolescents, often persisting into adulthood. Reliable assessment has been restricted to techniques limited by relatively high radiation doses or cost. AIM To investigate the reliability of several abdominal regions using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to assess the construct validity of these methods against metabolic profile. METHODS Inter- and intra-rater precision of two assessors were examined, for fat mass analysis in six different abdominal regions using DXA in overweight/obese and normal weight adolescents. Construct validity was examined in overweight/obese individuals. RESULTS All methods had acceptable intra- and inter-rater reliability. Region 1 was most precise in overweight/obese individuals, while Region 6 was most precise in normal weight individuals. In all regions, assessments were less precise in overweight/obese individuals. All regions were equally predictive of insulin outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal adiposity can be reliably assessed in adolescents using DXA, and the most precisely assessed regions were identified. All regions predicted insulin outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey W Tsang
- Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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Tsang TW, Kohn M, Chow CM, Singh MF. A randomized controlled trial of Kung Fu training for metabolic health in overweight/obese adolescents: the "martial fitness" study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009; 22:595-607. [PMID: 19774841 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.7.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty overweight/obese adolescents underwent six months of Kung Fu or placebo (Tai Chi) training, 3x.wk(-1). Outcomes included fasting insulin and insulin resistance, lipids, glucose and HbA(1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP decreased significantly (p = 0.03) in both groups over time at six months. Although insulin sensitivity did not change, HbA(1c) tended to decrease over time (p = 0.09), again with no group difference (p = 0.60). Reduced CRP was related to increased upper body strength (p = 0.01). Increased lean body mass was related to reductions in HbA(1c), insulin resistance, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Improvements in lean body mass appear to have a potential role in favorable metabolic outcomes, independent of changes in fat mass. Further research in this area is warranted before definite conclusions can be drawn about the efficacy of martial arts training for metabolic outcomes in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey W Tsang
- Faculty of Health Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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