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Santos MP, Pereira JN, Delabio RW, Smith MAC, Payão SLM, Carneiro LC, Barbosa MS, Rasmussen LT. Increased expression of interleukin-6 gene in gastritis and gastric cancer. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10687. [PMID: 34008757 PMCID: PMC8130133 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces an intense inflammatory response, mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and its membrane receptor (IL-6R), which activates important signaling pathways in the development of gastric disease and cancer. We investigated the gene and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-6R and the influence of polymorphisms rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797 on its gene expression together with H. pylori infection. Furthermore, an in-silico analysis was performed to support our results. Gastric biopsies were obtained from patients with gastric symptoms and patients with gastric cancer (GC) and were divided into groups (Control, Gastritis, and Cancer). H. pylori was detected by PCR. Real-time-qPCR was employed to determine gene expression, and western blot assay was used to analyze protein expression levels. PCR-RFLP was used to characterize IL-6 polymorphisms. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and GEO2R to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). H. pylori was detected in 43.3% of the samples. Statistically significant differences were found for IL-6 (P=0.0001) and IL-6R (P=0.0005) genes among the three groups, regardless of the presence of H. pylori. Among patients with H. pylori infection, the IL-6 and IL-6R gene and protein expressions were significantly increased, highlighting IL-6 gene overexpression in patients with GC. No statistically significant differences were found for the rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797 polymorphisms compared to IL-6 gene expression. The results indicated that the IL-6 polymorphisms do not influence its expression, but IL-6 and IL-6R expression seems to be altered by the presence of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Santos
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, SP, Brasil
| | - J N Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, SP, Brasil
| | - R W Delabio
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, SP, Brasil
| | - M A C Smith
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S L M Payão
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, SP, Brasil
| | - L C Carneiro
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - M S Barbosa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - L T Rasmussen
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, SP, Brasil
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Li ZT, Zhang X, Wang DW, Xu J, Kou KJ, Wang ZW, Yong G, Liang DS, Sun XY. Overexpressed lncRNA GATA6-AS1 Inhibits LNM and EMT via FZD4 through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in GC. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:827-840. [PMID: 31981860 PMCID: PMC6976905 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence reveals the significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various cancers. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of GATA6 antisense RNA 1 (GATA6-AS1) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in GC. GC-related microarray datasets were initially retrieved from the GEO with differentially expressed lncRNAs screened, followed by evaluation of the regulatory relationship between Frizzled 4 (FZD4) and GATA6-AS1. The detailed regulatory mechanism by which GATA6-AS1 influences the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and GC cell biological behaviors was investigated by treating SGC7901 cells with overexpressed GATA6-AS1, specific antisense oligonucleotide against GATA6-AS1, and lithium chloride (LiCl; activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway). Finally, xenograft nude mice were used to assay tumor growth and LNM in vivo. GATA6-AS1 was poorly expressed, but FZD4 was highly expressed in GC tissues and cells. Elevated GATA6-AS1 reduced FZD4 expression by recruiting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) to the FZD4 promoter region via the inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whereby cell invasion, migration, and proliferation, tumor growth, and LNM in nude mice were reduced. Taken together, overexpressed GATA6-AS1 downregulated the expression of FZD4 to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which ultimately inhibited GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Tian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China; Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jian Kou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Gong Yong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - De-Sen Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Ying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China; Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Dos Santos MP, Sallas ML, Zapparoli D, Orcini WA, Chen E, Smith MDAC, Payão SLM, Rasmussen LT. Lack of Association between IL-6 Polymorphisms and Haplotypes with Gastric Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9448-9454. [PMID: 30525242 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The process of combating neoplasms and mononuclear cells, and during H. pylori infection, several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are synthesized. In view of the involvement of the IL-6 law and the presence of H. pylori in the development of gastric diseases, the present study aimed to characterize the promoter-region polymorphism -597 (G/A) (rs1800797), -572 (C/G) (rs1800796), and -174 (G/C) (rs1800795) by PCR-RFLP in 375 gastric biopsy specimens from patients with peptic symptoms. A total of 375 samples were analyzed: 87 patients (without lesion without gastric tissue); 236 patients with gastritis and 52 patients with gastric cancer analyzed the PCR-RFLP techniques. All the results were normalized in relation to the presence of H. pylori. The frequencies of the three polymorphisms were compared in the Control vs Gastritis groups and a statistically significant test observed: -174 (G/C) (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.84-1.93; P = 0.26), 572 (C/G) (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.78-2.59; P = 0.25), and 597 (G/A) (OR: 0.98; 95% CI, 0.64-1.52; P = 0.94). Similar results were obtained when the gastric cancer group was compared to the control group: -174 (G/C) (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.66-2.47; P = 0.47), -572 (C/G) (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.43-2.68; P = 0.88), and -597 (G/A) (OR: 1.01; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9; P = 0.99). The haplotypes were and were not observed statistically significant differences. In conclusion, we found no correlations between any of the three polymorphisms in the IL-6 gene analyzed in this study and a higher risk of gastritis or gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Zapparoli
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Chen
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Trevizani Rasmussen
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de Marilia (FAMEMA) - Hemocentro, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Borda A, Vila J, Fernández-Urién I, Zozaya JM, Guerra A, Borda F. Pretreatment predictive value of blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in R0 gastric cancer resectability. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2016; 40:1-9. [PMID: 27142343 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New parameters complementary to clinical TNM classification are needed, to orient preoperative on the possibility of a R0 gastric cancer resection. We analysed the possible predictive value of blood neutrophil/lymphocytic ratio (N/L) in relation to resectability. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-seven gastric cancers consecutively diagnosed and without neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis of the frequency of R0 cases was performed between groups with a normal N/L ratio (<5) and pathological N/L ratio (≥5). Furthermore, we studied the subgroup of operated patients (n=156) analysing the frequency of R0 resection according to N/L ratio<5 or≥5. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-six patients underwent surgical intervention, of which 139 had R0 resections. A high N/L ratio was registered in 46 cases (17.9%). Globally, resectability was higher in patients with a N/L ratio<5: 59.7% vs. N/L ratio≥5: 28.6% (P<.001; OR=3.76; 95% CI=1.78-8.04). The relation between N/L ratio<5 and R0 resection was confirmed in the multivariate (P=.006; OR=3.86; 95% CI=1.46-10.22). In the operated subgroup, the higher frequency of R0 resection achievement is maintained in cases with N/L ratio<5: 91.3% vs. 72.2% (P=.015; OR=4.04; 95% CI=1.23-13.26). CONCLUSIONS The presence of a N/L ratio<5 at the diagnosis of a gastric carcinoma is related in a significant and independent way with a higher frequency of R0 tumoral resection, globally. This higher proportion of R0 resection cases in patients with a N/L<5 ratio is confirmed in the subgroup of operated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Borda
- Servicio de Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España.
| | - Juan Vila
- Servicio de Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Urién
- Servicio de Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - José Manuel Zozaya
- Servicio de Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Ana Guerra
- Servicio de Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | - Fernando Borda
- Servicio de Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Navarra, España
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Hudler P. Challenges of deciphering gastric cancer heterogeneity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10510-10527. [PMID: 26457012 PMCID: PMC4588074 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is in decline in most developed countries; however, it still accounts for a notable fraction of global mortality and morbidity related to cancer. High-throughput methods are rapidly changing our view and understanding of the molecular basis of gastric carcinogenesis. Today, it is widely accepted that the molecular complexity and heterogeneity, both inter- and intra-tumour, of gastric adenocarcinomas present significant obstacles in elucidating specific biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Although genome-wide sequencing and gene expression studies have revealed the intricate nature of the molecular changes that occur in tumour landscapes, the collected data and results are complex and sometimes contradictory. Several aberrant molecules have already been tested in clinical trials, although their diagnostic and prognostic utilities have not been confirmed thus far. The gold standard for the detection of sporadic gastric cancer is still the gastric endoscopy, which is considered invasive. In addition, genome-wide association studies have confirmed that genetic variations are important contributors to increased cancer risk and could participate in the initiation of malignant transformation. This hypothesis could in part explain the late onset of sporadic gastric cancers. The elaborate interplay of polymorphic low penetrance genes and lifestyle and environmental risk factors requires additional research to decipher their relative impacts on tumorigenesis. The purpose of this article is to present details of the molecular heterogeneity of sporadic gastric cancers at the DNA, RNA, and proteome levels and to discuss issues relevant to the translation of basic research data to clinically valuable tools. The focus of this work is the identification of relevant molecular changes that could be detected non-invasively.
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