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Cantlay JC, Martin GR, McClelland SC, Potier S, O'Brien MF, Fernández-Juricic E, Bond AL, Portugal SJ. Binocular vision and foraging in ducks, geese and swans (Anatidae). Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231213. [PMID: 37670586 PMCID: PMC10510447 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wide variation in visual field configuration across avian species is hypothesized to be driven primarily by foraging ecology and predator detection. While some studies of selected taxa have identified relationships between foraging ecology and binocular field characteristics in particular species, few have accounted for the relevance of shared ancestry. We conducted a large-scale, comparative analysis across 39 Anatidae species to investigate the relationship between the foraging ecology traits of diet or behaviour and binocular field parameters, while controlling for phylogeny. We used phylogenetic models to examine correlations between traits and binocular field characteristics, using unidimensional and morphometric approaches. We found that foraging behaviour influenced three parameters of binocular field size: maximum binocular field width, vertical binocular field extent, and angular separation between the eye-bill projection and the direction of maximum binocular field width. Foraging behaviour and body mass each influenced two descriptors of binocular field shape. Phylogenetic relatedness had minimal influence on binocular field size and shape, apart from vertical binocular field extent. Binocular field differences are associated with specific foraging behaviours, as related to the perceptual challenges of obtaining different food items from aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Cantlay
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Graham R. Martin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephanie C. McClelland
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Simon Potier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Alexander L. Bond
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, UK
| | - Steven J. Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, UK
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2
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Lively JA, McKenzie J. Discards and bycatch: A review of wasted fishing. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2023; 95:1-26. [PMID: 37923537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Bycatch and discards are a significant issue for global fisheries, with discards considered unnecessary mortality and wasted fishing. Discards have declined due to more selective gear and changes in regulations, but data on discard rates and species remains challenging to collect. Addressing discards is crucial to minimize food waste and increase seafood production. We provide an up-to-date overview of research on wasted fishing through bycatch and discards since 2012, including pots/traps, trawls, gillnets, and lines. By highlighting the challenges of collecting data on discard rates, species, and reasons, we emphasize the need for an adaptive approach to monitoring and reducing discards. Our review provides an important update on the current state of research on wasted fishing and highlights ongoing knowledge gaps in this area, indicating a need for continued efforts towards sustainable fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Lively
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
| | - Jonathan McKenzie
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Florida South Western State College, Fort Myers, FL, United States
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3
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Post S, Merkel F, Bak-Jensen Z, Koch C, Hedeholm RB. Bycatch mitigation in the West Greenland lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus) fishery using modified gillnets. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221536. [PMID: 37035295 PMCID: PMC10073906 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bycatch in gillnets is a global issue and mitigation measures that balance target species catch rates, bycatch reduction and fisher support are scarce. In the North Atlantic lumpfish fisheries, bycatch includes marine mammals and seabirds, and there are no permanent technical initiatives to reduce the bycatch. In the West Greenland fishery, common eider bycatch is several thousand individuals annually. We explored if bycatch in this fishery could be reduced by modifying standard lumpfish gillnets by adding a 45 cm high small-meshed net panel to the bottom part of the net. We tested the nets in combination with standard nets and estimated catch rates in a controlled setting in 2021 and in the commercial fishery in 2022. The modified nets had a 71% reduced bycatch rate for common eider and a 25% reduced catch rate for female lumpfish. A combination of the panel and increased seaweed entanglement was the most likely explanation for the effect. In addition to the effect of the net modification, the common eider bycatch decreased significantly during the season, and we recommend studying the net effect further and exploring the option of postponing the fishing season as a simpler way of reducing bycatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Post
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Flemming Merkel
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Zita Bak-Jensen
- DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Koch
- DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Martin GR, Banks AN. Marine birds: vision-based wind turbine collision mitigation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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5
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Heswall AM, Miller L, McNaughton EJ, Brunton-Martin AL, Cain KE, Friesen MR, Gaskett AC. Artificial light at night correlates with seabird groundings: mapping city lights near a seabird breeding hotspot. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14237. [PMID: 36275461 PMCID: PMC9586080 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing conservation concern for seabirds, which can become disoriented and grounded by lights from buildings, bridges and boats. Many fledgling seabirds, especially Procellariiformes such as petrels and shearwaters, are susceptible to light pollution. The Hauraki Gulf, a seabird hotspot located near Tāmaki Makaurau/Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand's largest urban city, with a considerable amount of light pollution and regularly documented events of seabird groundings. We aim to identify the characteristics of locations especially prone to seabird groundings. We used an online database of seabirds taken to a wildlife rescue facility by the public to map 3 years of seabird groundings and test for correlations between seabird groundings and the natural night sky brightness. We found that areas with lower amounts of natural night sky brightness and greater light pollution often had a higher number of seabirds grounded. Further, we identified important seasonal patterns and species differences in groundings. Such differences may be a by-product of species ecology, visual ecology and breeding locations, all of which may influence attraction to lights. In general, seabird groundings correlate with the brightness of the area and are species-specific. Groundings may not be indicative of human or seabird population abundance considering some areas have a lower human population with high light levels and had high amounts of seabird groundings. These findings can be applied worldwide to mitigate groundings by searching and targeting specific brightly lit anthropogenic structures. Those targeted structures and areas can then be the focus of light mitigation efforts to reduce seabird groundings. Finally, this study illustrates how a combination of community science, and a concern for seabirds grounded from light attraction, in addition to detailed animal welfare data and natural night sky brightness data can be a powerful, collaborative tool to aid global conservation efforts for highly-at-risk animals such as seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristal E. Cain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan R. Friesen
- Department of Biology, Saint Martin’s University, Lacey, WA, United States
| | - Anne C. Gaskett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Christensen-Dalsgaard S, Ytrehus B, Langset M, Wiig JR, Bærum KM. Seabird beachcast events associated with bycatch in the Norwegian purse seine fishery. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 177:105625. [PMID: 35462230 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Beachcast events, where a large number of seabird carcasses drift ashore, occur with irregular intervals. These events are due to specific situations where mass mortality of seabirds have occurred. Disentangling the cause of these events can provide valuable information on stressors impacting seabird populations. Following several mass mortality events involving gulls in northern Norway, an investigation of the probable cause of death was initiated. In total 75 dead gulls were collected at two occasions and necropsies were carried out. The findings from the necropsy of the gulls were consistent with drowning as the primary cause of death. Bycatch in coastal purse seine fishery was considered a potential cause of the mortality and monitoring of seabird bycatch in this fishery was thus initiated. The monitoring of fishing operations revealed that 10% of 91 fishing events observed led to bycatch, with a total of 32 bycaught seabirds. These bycatch events resulted in a total estimated bycatch rate of 0.356 (95% CI = 0.133-0.949) birds per haul. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the registered mortality events were caused by bycatch in the purse seine fishery. The highly episodic and unpredictable nature of these events makes it demanding to achieve solid estimates of the occurrence and extent of bycatch without a very high monitoring effort. Our study shows that systematic investigation following beachcast events can shed light on the occurrence of such extreme events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørnar Ytrehus
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box PO 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007,Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalene Langset
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box PO 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Ree Wiig
- Directorate of Fisheries, Sea Surveillance Unit, P.O. Box 185 Sentrum, 5804, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kim Magnus Bærum
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Vormstuguvegen 40, 2624, Lillehammer, Norway
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7
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De la Cruz A, Bastos R, Silva E, Cabral JA, Santos M. What to expect from alternative management strategies to conserve seabirds? Hints from a dynamic modelling framework applied to an endangered population. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. De la Cruz
- Marine Research University Institute (INMAR) Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR) University of Cádiz Cádiz Spain
| | - R. Bastos
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environment and Biological Services Institute for Innovation Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri‐food Production (Inov4Agro) University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal
| | - E. Silva
- Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds (SPEA) Lisboa Portugal
| | - J. A. Cabral
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environment and Biological Services Institute for Innovation Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri‐food Production (Inov4Agro) University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal
| | - M. Santos
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environment and Biological Services Institute for Innovation Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri‐food Production (Inov4Agro) University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranhão, R. Dep. Gastão Vieira Buriticupu MA Brazil
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8
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Rouxel Y, Crawford R, Cleasby IR, Kibel P, Owen E, Volke V, Schnell AK, Oppel S. Buoys with looming eyes deter seaducks and could potentially reduce seabird bycatch in gillnets. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210225. [PMID: 33981446 PMCID: PMC8103233 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bycatch of seabirds in gillnet fisheries is a global conservation issue with an estimated 400 000 seabirds killed each year. To date, no underwater deterrents trialled have consistently reduced seabird bycatch across operational fisheries. Using a combination of insights from land-based strategies, seabirds' diving behaviours and their cognitive abilities, we developed a floating device exploring the effect of large eyespots and looming movement to prevent vulnerable seabirds from diving into gillnets. Here, we tested whether this novel above-water device called 'Looming eyes buoy' (LEB) would consistently deter vulnerable seaducks from a focal area. We counted the number of birds present in areas with and without LEBs in a controlled experimental setting. We show that long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis abundance declined by approximately 20-30% within a 50 m radius of the LEB and that the presence of LEBs was the most important variable explaining this decline. We found no evidence for a memory effect on long-tailed ducks but found some habituation to the LEB within the time frame of the project (62 days). While further research is needed, our preliminary trials indicate that above-water visual devices could potentially contribute to reduce seabird bycatch if appropriately deployed in coordination with other management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Rouxel
- BirdLife International Marine Programme, c/o the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Scotland, 10 Park Quadrant, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rory Crawford
- BirdLife International Marine Programme, c/o the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Scotland, 10 Park Quadrant, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian R. Cleasby
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, UK
| | - Pete Kibel
- Fishtek Marine, Webbers Way, Dartington, Devon, UK
| | - Ellie Owen
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, UK
| | - Veljo Volke
- Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, UK
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9
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Cantlay JC, Bond AL, Wells-Berlin AM, Crawford R, Martin GR, Rouxel Y, Peregoy S, McGrew KA, Portugal SJ. Ineffectiveness of light emitting diodes as underwater deterrents for Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Luck C, Cronin M, Gosch M, Healy K, Cosgrove R, Tully O, Rogan E, Jessopp M. Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in bycatch of a top marine predator: First evidence for the role of water turbidity in protected species bycatch. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cian Luck
- MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy Climate and Marine Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Michelle Cronin
- MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy Climate and Marine Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Martha Gosch
- MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy Climate and Marine Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Kieran Healy
- South West Regional Inshore Fisheries Forum Cork Ireland
| | | | | | - Emer Rogan
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Mark Jessopp
- MaREI, the SFI Research Centre for Energy Climate and Marine Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
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11
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Field R, Crawford R, Enever R, Linkowski T, Martin G, Morkūnas J, Morkūnė R, Rouxel Y, Oppel S. High contrast panels and lights do not reduce bird bycatch in Baltic Sea gillnet fisheries. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Spatial and temporal variations in seabird bycatch: Incidental bycatch in the Norwegian coastal gillnet-fishery. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212786. [PMID: 30865723 PMCID: PMC6415787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The general decline of seabird populations worldwide raises large concerns. Although multiple factors are interacting to cause the observed trends, increased mortality from incidental bycatch in fisheries has proven to be important for many species. However, the bulk of published knowledge is derived from longline fisheries, whereas bycatch in gillnet fisheries is less studied and even overlooked in some areas. We present seabird bycatch data from a 10-year time-series of fishery data from the large fleet of small-vessels fishing with gillnets along the Norwegian coast—a large area and fishery with no prior estimates of seabird bycatch. In general, we document high rates of incidental bycatch (averaging 0.0023 seabirds/net, or approximately 0.08 seabirds/fishing trip). This results in an estimated annual bycatch between 1580 and 11500 (95% CI) birds in this fishery. There was a surprisingly high percentage (43%) of surface-feeding seabirds in the bycatch, with northern fulmar being the most common species. Among the diving seabirds caught, common guillemot was most numerous. Our findings suggest that coastal gillnet fisheries represent a more general threat to a wider range of seabird populations, as opposed to longline fisheries where surface-feeding seabird species seem to dominate the bycatch. The bycatch estimates for the Norwegian gillnet-fishery varied in time, between areas, and with fishing depth and distance from the coast, but we found no clear trends in relation to the type of gillnets used. The results enabled us to identify important spatio-temporal trends in the seabird bycatch, which can allow for the development and implementation of more specific mitigation measures. While specific time closures might be an efficient option to reduce bycatch for diving seabirds, measures such as gear modification and reduction in release of wastewater during fishing operation are probably a more effective mitigation approach for reducing bycatch of surface-feeding seabirds.
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Mangel JC, Wang J, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Pingo S, Jimenez A, Carvalho F, Swimmer Y, Godley BJ. Illuminating gillnets to save seabirds and the potential for multi-taxa bycatch mitigation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180254. [PMID: 30109081 PMCID: PMC6083706 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bycatch in net fisheries is recognized as a major source of mortality for many marine species, including seabirds. Few mitigation solutions, however, have been identified. We assessed the effectiveness of illuminating fishing nets with green light emitting diodes (LEDs) to reduce the incidental capture of seabirds. Experiments were conducted in the demersal, set gillnet fishery of Constante, Peru and compared 114 pairs of control and illuminated nets. We observed captures of a total of 45 guanay cormorants (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii), with 39 caught in control nets and six caught in illuminated nets. Seabird bycatch in terms of catch-per-unit-effort was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control nets than in illuminated nets, representing an 85.1% decline in the cormorant bycatch rate. This study, showing that net illumination reduces seabird bycatch and previous studies showing reductions in sea turtle bycatch without reducing target catch, indicates that net illumination can be an effective multi-taxa bycatch mitigation technique. This finding has broad implications for bycatch mitigation in net fisheries given LED technology's relatively low cost, the global ubiquity of net fisheries and the current paucity of bycatch mitigation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Mangel
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780-E, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - John Wang
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | - Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780-E, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
- Facultad de Biologia Marina, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa, Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio Pingo
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780-E, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru
| | - Astrid Jimenez
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780-E, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru
| | - Felipe Carvalho
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | - Yonat Swimmer
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
| | - Brendan J. Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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14
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Crawford R, Ellenberg U, Frere E, Hagen C, Baird K, Brewin P, Crofts S, Glass J, Mattern T, Pompert J, Ross K, Kemper J, Ludynia K, Sherley RB, Steinfurth A, Suazo CG, Yorio P, Tamini L, Mangel JC, Bugoni L, Jiménez Uzcátegui G, Simeone A, Luna-Jorquera G, Gandini P, Woehler EJ, Pütz K, Dann P, Chiaradia A, Small C. Tangled and drowned: a global review of penguin bycatch in fisheries. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Michelot T, Langrock R, Bestley S, Jonsen ID, Photopoulou T, Patterson TA. Estimation and simulation of foraging trips in land-based marine predators. Ecology 2017; 98:1932-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Bestley
- Australian Antarctic Division; Department of Environment; Kingston Tasmania Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Ian D. Jonsen
- Macquarie University; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Theoni Photopoulou
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; Port Elizabeth South Africa
- University of Cape Town; Rondebosch South Africa
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16
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Northridge S, Coram A, Kingston A, Crawford R. Disentangling the causes of protected-species bycatch in gillnet fisheries. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:686-695. [PMID: 27109749 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gillnet fisheries are widely thought to pose a conservation threat to many populations of marine mammals, seabirds, and turtles. Gillnet fisheries also support a significant proportion of small-scale fishing communities worldwide. Despite a large number of studies on protected-species bycatch in recent decades, relatively few have examined the underlying causes of bycatch and fewer still have considered the issue from a multitaxon perspective. We used 3 bibliographic databases and one search engine to identify studies by year of publication and taxon. The majority of studies on the mechanisms of gillnet bycatch are not accessible through the mainstream published literature. Many are reported in technical papers, government reports, and university theses. We reviewed over 600 published and unpublished studies of bycatch in which causal or correlative factors were considered and identified therein 28 environmental, operational, technical, and behavioral factors that may be associated with high or low bycatch rates of the taxa. Of the factors considered, 11 were associated with potential bycatch reduction in 2 out of the 3 taxa, and 3 factors (water depth, mesh size, and net height) were associated with trends in bycatch rate for all 3 taxa. These findings provide a basis to guide further experimental work to test hypotheses about which factors most influence bycatch rates and to explore ways of managing fishing activities and improving gear design to minimize the incidental capture of species of conservation concern while ensuring the viability of the fisheries concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Northridge
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Bute Building, St Andrews, KY16 9TS, U.K
| | - Alex Coram
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Bute Building, St Andrews, KY16 9TS, U.K
| | - Al Kingston
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Bute Building, St Andrews, KY16 9TS, U.K
| | - Rory Crawford
- BirdLife International Marine Programme, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, U.K
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Lopes K, Passos L, Rodrigues JG, Koenen F, Stiebens V, Székely T, Dutra A. Sea Turtle, Shark, and Dolphin Bycatch Rates by Artisanal and Semi-Industrial Fishers in Maio Island, Cape Verde. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2744/cb-1213.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Horodysky AZ, Cooke SJ, Graves JE, Brill RW. Fisheries conservation on the high seas: linking conservation physiology and fisheries ecology for the management of large pelagic fishes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cov059. [PMID: 27382467 PMCID: PMC4922246 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Populations of tunas, billfishes and pelagic sharks are fished at or over capacity in many regions of the world. They are captured by directed commercial and recreational fisheries (the latter of which often promote catch and release) or as incidental catch or bycatch in commercial fisheries. Population assessments of pelagic fishes typically incorporate catch-per-unit-effort time-series data from commercial and recreational fisheries; however, there have been notable changes in target species, areas fished and depth-specific gear deployments over the years that may have affected catchability. Some regional fisheries management organizations take into account the effects of time- and area-specific changes in the behaviours of fish and fishers, as well as fishing gear, to standardize catch-per-unit-effort indices and refine population estimates. However, estimates of changes in stock size over time may be very sensitive to underlying assumptions of the effects of oceanographic conditions and prey distribution on the horizontal and vertical movement patterns and distribution of pelagic fishes. Effective management and successful conservation of pelagic fishes requires a mechanistic understanding of their physiological and behavioural responses to environmental variability, potential for interaction with commercial and recreational fishing gear, and the capture process. The interdisciplinary field of conservation physiology can provide insights into pelagic fish demography and ecology (including environmental relationships and interspecific interactions) by uniting the complementary expertise and skills of fish physiologists and fisheries scientists. The iterative testing by one discipline of hypotheses generated by the other can span the fundamental-applied science continuum, leading to the development of robust insights supporting informed management. The resulting species-specific understanding of physiological abilities and tolerances can help to improve stock assessments, develop effective bycatch-reduction strategies, predict rates of post-release mortality, and forecast the population effects of environmental change. In this synthesis, we review several examples of these interdisciplinary collaborations that currently benefit pelagic fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrij Z. Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, 100 East Queen Street, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - John E. Graves
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Richard W. Brill
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
- Behavioral Ecology Branch, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Highlands, NJ 07732, USA
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Madliger CL, Cooke SJ, Crespi EJ, Funk JL, Hultine KR, Hunt KE, Rohr JR, Sinclair BJ, Suski CD, Willis CKR, Love OP. Success stories and emerging themes in conservation physiology. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cov057. [PMID: 27382466 PMCID: PMC4922248 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits of physiology for conservation are well established and include greater specificity of management techniques, determination of cause-effect relationships, increased sensitivity of health and disturbance monitoring and greater capacity for predicting future change. While descriptions of the specific avenues in which conservation and physiology can be integrated are readily available and important to the continuing expansion of the discipline of 'conservation physiology', to date there has been no assessment of how the field has specifically contributed to conservation success. However, the goal of conservation physiology is to foster conservation solutions and it is therefore important to assess whether physiological approaches contribute to downstream conservation outcomes and management decisions. Here, we present eight areas of conservation concern, ranging from chemical contamination to invasive species to ecotourism, where physiological approaches have led to beneficial changes in human behaviour, management or policy. We also discuss the shared characteristics of these successes, identifying emerging themes in the discipline. Specifically, we conclude that conservation physiology: (i) goes beyond documenting change to provide solutions; (ii) offers a diversity of physiological metrics beyond glucocorticoids (stress hormones); (iii) includes approaches that are transferable among species, locations and times; (iv) simultaneously allows for human use and benefits to wildlife; and (v) is characterized by successes that can be difficult to find in the primary literature. Overall, we submit that the field of conservation physiology has a strong foundation of achievements characterized by a diversity of conservation issues, taxa, physiological traits, ecosystem types and spatial scales. We hope that these concrete successes will encourage the continued evolution and use of physiological tools within conservation-based research and management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Madliger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4. Tel: +1 519 253 3000.
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Erica J. Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Funk
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Kevin R. Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Hunt
- John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory, Research Department, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Cory D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Craig K. R. Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
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