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Howarth N, Scanes E, Byrne M, Ross PM. Ocean warming and Marine Heatwaves unequally impact juvenile introduced and native oysters with implications for their coexistence and future distribution. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20688. [PMID: 39237565 PMCID: PMC11377425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is causing ocean warming (OW) and increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events, including Marine Heat Waves (MHWs). Both OW and MHWs pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems and marine organisms, including oysters, oyster reefs and farmed oysters. We investigated the survival and growth of juveniles of two commercial species of oyster, the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, and the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, to elevated seawater temperatures reflecting a moderate and an extreme MHW in context with recent MHWs and beyond. The survival and size of Pacific oysters to moderate MHWs (22-32 °C; 14 days) was greater than that for Sydney rock oysters (24-32 °C; 15 days). While survival and growth of both species was significantly impacted by extreme MHWs (29-38 °C; 5-6 days), Sydney rock oysters were found to survive greater temperatures compared to the Pacific oyster. Overall, this study found that Pacific oyster juveniles were more tolerant of a moderate MHW, while Sydney rock oyster juveniles were more resilient to extreme MHWs. These differences in thermal tolerance may have consequences for aquaculture and coexistence of both species in their intertidal and latitudinal distributions along the south-eastern Australian coastline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Howarth
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elliot Scanes
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Williams BR, McAfee D, Connell SD. Anthropogenic noise disrupts acoustic cues for recruitment. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240741. [PMID: 39043238 PMCID: PMC11265905 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is rising and may interfere with natural acoustic cues used by organisms to recruit. Newly developed acoustic technology provides enriched settlement cues to boost recruitment of target organisms navigating to restoration sites, but can it boost recruitment in noise-polluted sites? To address this dilemma, we coupled replicated aquarium experiments with field experiments. Under controlled and replicated laboratory conditions, acoustic enrichment boosted recruitment by 2.57 times in the absence of anthropogenic noise, but yielded comparable recruitment in its presence (i.e. no boosting effect). Using the same technique, we then tested the replicability of these responses in real-world settings where independently replicated 'sites' are unfeasible owing to the inherent differences in soundscapes. Again, acoustic enrichment increased recruitment where anthropogenic noise was low (by 3.33 times), but had no effect at a site of noise pollution. Together, these coupled laboratory-to-field outcomes indicate that anthropogenic noise can mask the signal of acoustic enrichment. While noise pollution may reduce the effectiveness of acoustic enrichment, some of our reported observations suggest that anthropogenic noise per se might also provide an attractive cue for oyster larvae to recruit. These findings underscore the complexity of larval behavioural responses to acoustic stimuli during recruitment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Williams
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
| | - Dominic McAfee
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
| | - Sean D. Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
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McAfee D, McLeod IM, Alleway HK, Bishop MJ, Branigan S, Connell SD, Copeland C, Crawford CM, Diggles BK, Fitzsimons JA, Gilby BL, Hamer P, Hancock B, Pearce R, Russell K, Gillies CL. Turning a lost reef ecosystem into a national restoration program. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13958. [PMID: 35621094 PMCID: PMC10087571 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a sustainable socioecological future now requires large-scale environmental repair across legislative borders. Yet, enabling large-scale conservation is complicated by policy-making processes that are disconnected from socioeconomic interests, multiple sources of knowledge, and differing applications of policy. We considered how a multidisciplinary approach to marine habitat restoration generated the scientific evidence base, community support, and funding needed to begin the restoration of a forgotten, functionally extinct shellfish reef ecosystem. The key actors came together as a multidisciplinary community of researchers, conservation practitioners, recreational fisher communities, and government bodies that collaborated across sectors to rediscover Australia's lost shellfish reefs and communicate the value of its restoration. Actions undertaken to build a case for large-scale marine restoration included synthesizing current knowledge on Australian shellfish reefs and their historical decline, using this history to tell a compelling story to spark public and political interest, integrating restoration into government policy, and rallying local support through community engagement. Clearly articulating the social, economic, and environmental business case for restoration led to state and national funding for reef restoration to meet diverse sustainability goals (e.g., enhanced biodiversity and fisheries productivity) and socioeconomic goals (e.g., job creation and recreational opportunities). A key lesson learned was the importance of aligning project goals with public and industry interests so that projects could address multiple political obligations. This process culminated in Australia's largest marine restoration initiative and shows that solutions for large-scale ecosystem repair can rapidly occur when socially valued science acts on political opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic McAfee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian M McLeod
- TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi K Alleway
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Provide Food and Water, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Branigan
- The Nature Conservancy Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Christine M Crawford
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ben K Diggles
- DigsFish Services Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A Fitzsimons
- The Nature Conservancy Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben L Gilby
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Hamer
- Victorian Fisheries Authority, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boze Hancock
- The Nature Conservancy, c/o Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robert Pearce
- Albert Park Yachting and Angling Club, Albert Park, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Russell
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Taylors Beach, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris L Gillies
- TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- The Nature Conservancy Australia, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Hemraj DA, Bishop MJ, Hancock B, Minuti JJ, Thurstan RH, Zu Ermgassen PSE, Russell BD. Oyster reef restoration fails to recoup global historic ecosystem losses despite substantial biodiversity gain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8747. [PMID: 36417529 PMCID: PMC9683697 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have led to degradation of ecosystems globally. The lost ecosystem functions and services accumulate from the time of disturbance to the full recovery of the ecosystem and can be quantified as a "recovery debt," providing a valuable tool to develop better restoration practices that accelerate recovery and limit losses. Here, we quantified the recovery of faunal biodiversity and abundance toward a predisturbed state following structural restoration of oyster habitats globally. We found that while restoration initiates a rapid increase in biodiversity and abundance of reef-associated species within 2 years, recovery rate then decreases substantially, leaving a global shortfall in recovery of 35% below a predisturbed state. While efficient restoration methods boost recovery and minimize recovery shortfalls, the time to full recovery is yet to be quantified. Therefore, potential future coastal development should weigh up not only the instantaneous damage to ecosystem functions but also the potential for generational loss of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deevesh A. Hemraj
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Melanie J. Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boze Hancock
- The Nature Conservancy, C/O URI Graduate School of Oceanography, 215 South Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Jay J. Minuti
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruth H. Thurstan
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Philine S. E. Zu Ermgassen
- Changing Oceans Group, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Rd, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Bayden D. Russell
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Diggles BK. Biosecurity risks related to recycling of mollusc shell waste for shellfish reef restoration in Australia. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Branigan S, Fitzsimons J, Gillies CL. Modern middens: Shell recycling for restoring an endangered marine ecosystem in Victoria, Australia. ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fitzsimons JA, Branigan S, Gillies CL, Brumbaugh RD, Cheng J, DeAngelis BM, Geselbracht L, Hancock B, Jeffs A, McDonald T, McLeod IM, Pogoda B, Theuerkauf SJ, Thomas M, Westby S, zu Ermgassen PS. Restoring shellfish reefs: Global guidelines for practitioners and scientists. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Fitzsimons
- The Nature Conservancy Carlton Victoria Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | | | - Chris L. Gillies
- The Nature Conservancy Carlton Victoria Australia
- TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | | | - Jun Cheng
- The Nature Conservancy, B4‐2 Qijiayuan Diplomatic Compound Beijing China
| | - Bryan M. DeAngelis
- The Nature Conservancy, University of Rhode Island Bay Campus Narragansett Rhode Island USA
| | | | - Boze Hancock
- The Nature Conservancy, University of Rhode Island Bay Campus Narragansett Rhode Island USA
| | - Andrew Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Tein McDonald
- Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia New South Wales Australia
| | - Ian M. McLeod
- TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Bernadette Pogoda
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
| | | | - Marine Thomas
- The Nature Conservancy, Unit 2107‐08 Prosperity Millennia Plaza North Point Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Westby
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Annapolis Maryland USA
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