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Self-Organization Provides Cell Fate Commitment in MSC Sheet Condensed Areas via ROCK-Dependent Mechanism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091192. [PMID: 34572378 PMCID: PMC8470239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are one of the crucial regulators of regeneration and tissue repair and possess an intrinsic program from self-organization mediated by condensation, migration and self-patterning. The ability to self-organize has been successfully exploited in tissue engineering approaches using cell sheets (CS) and their modifications. In this study, we used CS as a model of human MSC spontaneous self-organization to demonstrate its structural, transcriptomic impact and multipotent stromal cell commitment. We used CS formation to visualize MSC self-organization and evaluated the role of the Rho-GTPase pathway in spontaneous condensation, resulting in a significant anisotropy of the cell density within the construct. Differentiation assays were carried out using conventional protocols, and microdissection and RNA-sequencing were applied to establish putative targets behind the observed phenomena. The differentiation of MSC to bone and cartilage, but not to adipocytes in CS, occurred more effectively than in the monolayer. RNA-sequencing indicated transcriptional shifts involving the activation of the Rho-GTPase pathway and repression of SREBP, which was concordant with the lack of adipogenesis in CS. Eventually, we used an inhibitory analysis to validate our findings and suggested a model where the self-organization of MSC defined their commitment and cell fate via ROCK1/2 and SREBP as major effectors under the putative switching control of AMP kinase.
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Zheng Y, Lee J, Shin KO, Park K, Kang IJ. Synergistic action of Erigeron annuus L. Pers and Borago officinalis L. enhances anti-obesity activity in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Nutr Res 2019; 69:58-66. [PMID: 31670067 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies show that Borago officinalis L. (BO) can suppress lipid accumulation in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Similarly, we recently revealed that Erigeron annuus L. Pers (EA) can significantly diminish both lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells through an AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)-dependent mechanism. Accordingly, the objective of this present study was to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of EA and/or BO using an animal model of obesity. Obesity was induced in C57BL/6 J mice by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) for 3 weeks, followed by administration of EA and/or BO (100-200 mg/kg body weight) or positive control Garcinia Cambogia (GC) (100 mg/kg body weight) for an additional 8 weeks. The anti-obesity effect of EA and/or BO was assessed by measuring body weight, adipocyte size, lipid accumulation, and expression level of genes associated with adipogenesis. We found the administration of EA and/or BO significantly attenuated increases in body weight gain, adipocyte size, and lipid accumulation in obese mice induced by HFD. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that HFD-mediated increases in expressions levels of adipogenic genes such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c were diminished by EA and/or BO. Moreover, EA and/or BO significantly stimulated the production of adiponectin, a unique adipokine known to stimulate the breakdown of fat/lipids, whereas adiponectin levels were reduced in mice fed a HFD. Notably, a combination of EA and BO was more effective at modulating such parameters than EA or BO alone. Taken together, these results demonstrate that an anti-obesity effect of EA and/or BO can reduce adipocyte hypertrophy and modulate the expression of adipogenesis-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Bolamperti S, Signo M, Spinello A, Moro G, Fraschini G, Guidobono F, Rubinacci A, Villa I. GH prevents adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal stem cells derived from human trabecular bone via canonical Wnt signaling. Bone 2018; 112:136-144. [PMID: 29694926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis, which naturally accompanies bone marrow senescence, may contribute to the development of bone-associated diseases, like osteoporosis. In the present study, using primary human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) isolated from trabecular bone, we assessed the possible effect of GH on hMSC differentiation potential into adipocytes. GH (5 ng/ml) significantly inhibited the lipid accumulation in hMSCs cultured for 14 days in lipogenic medium. GH decreased the expression of the adipogenic genes, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and adiponectin (ADN) as well as the expression of two lipogenesis-related enzymes, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and acethylCoA carboxylase (ACACA). In parallel, GH induced an increase in the gene expression and protein levels of osterix (OSX) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). These effects were ascribed to enhanced Wnt signaling as GH significantly reduced Wnt inhibitors, Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) and the secreted frizzled protein 2 (SFRP2), and increased the expression of an activator of Wnt, Wnt3. Accordingly, the expression of β-catenin and its nuclear levels were raised. Wnt involvement in GH anti-adipogenic effect was further confirmed by the silencing of β-catenin. In silenced hMSC, both the inhibitory effect of GH on the expression of the adipogenic genes, ADN and C/EBPα and the lipogenesis enzymes LPL and ACACA, were prevented together with the stimulatory effect of GH on the osteogenic genes OSX and OPG. The present study supports the hypothesis that when GH secretion declines as in aging, the fat in the bone-marrow cavities increases and the osteogenic capacity of the MSC pool is reduced due to a decrease in Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Signo
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Spinello
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - GianLuigi Moro
- Orthopaedic Unit, Dept of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Fraschini
- Orthopaedic Unit, Dept of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Guidobono
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Ambati S, Yu P, McKinney EC, Kandasamy MK, Hartzell D, Baile CA, Meagher RB. Adipocyte nuclei captured from VAT and SAT. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:35. [PMID: 27462403 PMCID: PMC4949929 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity-related comorbidities are thought to result from the reprogramming of the epigenome in numerous tissues and cell types, and in particular, mature adipocytes within visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT and SAT. The cell-type specific chromatin remodeling of mature adipocytes within VAT and SAT is poorly understood, in part, because of the difficulties of isolating and manipulating large fragile mature adipocyte cells from adipose tissues. Methods We constructed MA-INTACT (Mature Adipocyte-Isolation of Nuclei TAgged in specific Cell Types) mice using the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) promoter (ADNp) to tag the surface of mature adipocyte nuclei with a reporter protein. The SUN1mRFP1Flag reporter is comprised of a fragment of the nuclear transmembrane protein SUN1, the fluorescent protein mRFP1, and three copies of the Flag epitope tag. Results Mature adipocyte nuclei were rapidly and efficiently immuno-captured from VAT and SAT (MVA and MSA nuclei, respectively), of MA-INTACT mice. MVA and MSA nuclei contained 1,000 to 10,000-fold higher levels of adipocyte-specific transcripts, ADIPOQ, PPARg2, EDNRB, and LEP, relative to uncaptured nuclei, while the latter expressed higher levels of leukocyte and endothelial cell markers IKZF1, RETN, SERPINF1, SERPINE1, ILF3, and TNFA. MVA and MSA nuclei differentially expressed several factors linked to adipogenesis or obesity-related health risks including CEBPA, KLF2, RETN, SERPINE1, and TNFA. The various nuclear populations dramatically differentially expressed transcripts encoding chromatin remodeler proteins regulating DNA cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation (TETs, DNMTs, TDG, GADD45s) and nucleosomal histone modification (ARID1A, KAT2B, KDM4A, PRMT1, PRMT5, PAXIP1). Remarkably, MSA and MVA nuclei expressed 200 to 1000-fold higher levels of thermogenic marker transcripts PRDM16 and UCP1. Conclusions The MA-INTACT mouse enables a simple way to perform cell-type specific analysis of highly purified mature adipocyte nuclei from VAT and SAT and increases the statistical significance of data collected on adipocytes. Isolated VAT and SAT adipocyte nuclei expressed distinct patterns of transcripts encoding chromatin remodeling factors and proteins relevant to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and thermogenesis. The MA-INTACT mouse is an useful model to test the impact of caloric intake, dietary nutrients, exercise, and pharmaceuticals on the epigenome-induced health risks of obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-016-0112-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | | | | | - Diane Hartzell
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA ; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Clifton A Baile
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA ; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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Uhrig-Schmidt S, Geiger M, Luippold G, Birk G, Mennerich D, Neubauer H, Grimm D, Wolfrum C, Kreuz S. Gene delivery to adipose tissue using transcriptionally targeted rAAV8 vectors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116288. [PMID: 25551639 PMCID: PMC4281237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing prevalence of obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities fostered intensive research in the field of adipose tissue biology. To further unravel molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue function, genetic tools enabling functional studies in vitro and in vivo are essential. While the use of transgenic animals is well established, attempts using viral and non-viral vectors to genetically modify adipocytes in vivo are rare. Therefore, we here characterized recombinant Adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors regarding their potency as gene transfer vehicles for adipose tissue. Our results demonstrate that a single dose of systemically applied rAAV8-CMV-eGFP can give rise to remarkable transgene expression in murine adipose tissues. Upon transcriptional targeting of the rAAV8 vector to adipocytes using a 2.2 kb fragment of the murine adiponectin (mAP2.2) promoter, eGFP expression was significantly decreased in off-target tissues while efficient transduction was maintained in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots. Moreover, rAAV8-mAP2.2-mediated expression of perilipin A – a lipid-droplet-associated protein – resulted in significant changes in metabolic parameters only three weeks post vector administration. Taken together, our findings indicate that rAAV vector technology is applicable as a flexible tool to genetically modify adipocytes for functional proof-of-concept studies and the assessment of putative therapeutic targets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Geiger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, SLA C92, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Luippold
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gerald Birk
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Detlev Mennerich
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Centre for Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital and Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, SLA C92, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kreuz
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Khalyfa A, Mutskov V, Carreras A, Khalyfa AA, Hakim F, Gozal D. Sleep fragmentation during late gestation induces metabolic perturbations and epigenetic changes in adiponectin gene expression in male adult offspring mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:3230-41. [PMID: 24812424 PMCID: PMC4171662 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleep fragmentation (SF) is a common condition among pregnant women, particularly during late gestation. Gestational perturbations promote the emergence of adiposity and metabolic disease risk in offspring, most likely through epigenetic modifications. Adiponectin (AdipoQ) expression inversely correlates with obesity and insulin resistance. The effects of SF during late gestation on metabolic function and AdipoQ expression in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) of offspring mice are unknown. Male offspring mice were assessed at 24 weeks after dams were exposed to SF or control sleep during late gestation. Increased food intake, body weight, VWAT mass, and insulin resistance, with reductions in AdipoQ expression in VWAT, emerged in SF offspring. Increased DNMT3a and -b and global DNA methylation and reduced histone acetyltransferase activity and TET1, -2, and -3 expression were detected in VWAT of SF offspring. Reductions in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and H3K4m3 and an increase in DNA 5-methylcytosine and H3K9m2 in the promoter and enhancer regions of AdipoQ emerged in adipocytes from VWAT and correlated with AdipoQ expression. SF during late gestation induces epigenetic modifications in AdipoQ in male offspring mouse VWAT adipocytes along with a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype. Thus, altered gestational environments elicited by SF impose the emergence of adverse, long-lasting metabolic consequences in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vesco Mutskov
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alba Carreras
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ahamed A Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Palomo I. Mechanisms of chronic state of inflammation as mediators that link obese adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013. [PMID: 23843680 DOI: 10.1115/2013/136584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic alterations that include the presence of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, characterized by abnormal adipokine production, and the activation of proinflammatory signalling pathways resulting in the induction of several biological markers of inflammation. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in adipose tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. Adiponectin can either act directly on macrophages to shift polarization and/or prime human monocytes into alternative M2-macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties. Meanwhile, the chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is regulated by a series of transcription factors, mainly PPARs and C/EBPs, that in conjunction regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins that participate in the metabolism and storage of lipids and, as such, the secretion by adipocytes. Therefore, the management of the metabolic syndrome requires the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed to alter the main genetic pathways involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Palomo I. Mechanisms of chronic state of inflammation as mediators that link obese adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:136584. [PMID: 23843680 PMCID: PMC3697419 DOI: 10.1155/2013/136584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic alterations that include the presence of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, characterized by abnormal adipokine production, and the activation of proinflammatory signalling pathways resulting in the induction of several biological markers of inflammation. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in adipose tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. Adiponectin can either act directly on macrophages to shift polarization and/or prime human monocytes into alternative M2-macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties. Meanwhile, the chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is regulated by a series of transcription factors, mainly PPARs and C/EBPs, that in conjunction regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins that participate in the metabolism and storage of lipids and, as such, the secretion by adipocytes. Therefore, the management of the metabolic syndrome requires the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed to alter the main genetic pathways involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Interno Sexto Año, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, ICCC-CSIC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CiberOBN, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, ICCC-CSIC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CiberOBN, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Palomo
- Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
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Namvaran F, Azarpira N, Geramizadeh B, Rahimi-Moghaddam P. Distribution and genotype frequency of adiponectin (+45 T/G) and adiponectin receptor2 (+795 G/A) single nucleotide polymorphisms in Iranian population. Gene 2011; 486:97-103. [PMID: 21810455 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene encodes adipose tissue-secreted hormone, Adiponectin, which is secreted to the bloodstream by adipocytes. Adiponectin is a hormone with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties and plays a significant role in insulin sensitivity and obesity. The genetic variations in ADIPOQ gene change the circulating adiponectin level and may cause insulin resistance. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the frequency of a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADIPOQ gene (+45T/G) and adiponectin receptor-2 (ADIPOR2) gene (+795G/A) in Iranian population and to correlate these data with other populations. A hundred healthy volunteers were enrolled to identify the genotype of ADIPOQ gene (+45T/G) and ADIPOR2 gene (+795G/A). This was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype frequencies for ADIPOQ (+45T/G) were 0.789 for TT, 0.164 for TG, and 0.0468 for GG. Allelic frequencies were 0.87 and 0.13 for T and G, respectively. Genotype frequencies for ADIPOR2 (+795G/A) were 0.09 for AA, 0.3 for AG, and 0.61 for GG; allelic frequencies were 0.24 for A and 0.76 for G. Comparisons between ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 polymorphisms in Iranian population with those in other populations showed significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Namvaran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Liu Z, Zhong L, Krishack PA, Robbins S, Cao JX, Zhao Y, Chung S, Cao D. Structure and promoter characterization of aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10 gene. Gene 2009; 437:39-44. [PMID: 19236911 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma in smokers. Our recent studies have showed that AKR1B10 plays a critical role in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by detoxifying reactive carbonyls and regulating fatty acid biosynthesis. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of AKR1B10 expression. In this study, we determined the structure of AKR1B10 gene and characterized its promoter. The results demonstrated that AKR1B10 consists of 10 exons and 9 introns, stretching approximately 13.8 kb. A 5'-RACE study determined the transcriptional start site of AKR1B10 at 320 bp upstream of the ATG translational start codon. A TATA-like (TAATAA) and a CAAT box are present from -145 to -140 bp and -193 to -190 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, respectively. Motif analysis recognized multiple putative oncogenic and tumor suppressor protein binding sites in the AKR1B10 promoter, including c-Ets-1, C/EBP, AP-1, and p53, but osmolytic response elements were not found. A -4091 bp of the 5'-flanking fragment of the AKR1B10 gene was capable of driving GFP and luciferase reporter gene expression in HepG2 cells derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma; progressive 5'-deletions revealed that a -255 bp fragment possesses full promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, SimmonsCooper Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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