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Alvarez R, Lee HL, Wang CY, Hong C. Characterization of the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from human periodontal ligament based on cell surface markers. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:213-9. [PMID: 26674423 PMCID: PMC5153597 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated therapy has been shown to be clinically effective in regenerating tissue defects. For improved regenerative therapy, it is critical to isolate homogenous populations of MSCs with high capacity to differentiate into appropriate tissues. The utilization of stem cell surface antigens provides a means to identify MSCs from various tissues. However, few surface markers that consistently isolate highly regenerative MSCs have been validated, making it challenging for routine clinical applications and making it all the more imperative to identify reliable surface markers. In this study, we used three surface marker combinations: CD51/CD140α, CD271, and STRO-1/CD146 for the isolation of homogenous populations of dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) from heterogeneous periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that 24% of PDLCs were CD51+/CD140α+, 0.8% were CD271+, and 2.4% were STRO-1+/CD146+. Sorted cell populations were further assessed for their multipotent properties by inducing osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. All three subsets of isolated DMSCs exhibited differentiation capacity into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages but with varying degrees. CD271+ DMSCs demonstrated the greatest osteogenic potential with strong induction of osteogenic markers such as DLX5, RUNX2, and BGLAP. Our study provides evidence that surface marker combinations used in this study are sufficient markers for the isolation of DMSCs from PDLCs. These results provide important insight into using specific surface markers for identifying homogenous populations of DMSCs for their improved utilization in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Alvarez
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christine Hong
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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Alvarez R, Lee HL, Hong C, Wang CY. Single CD271 marker isolates mesenchymal stem cells from human dental pulp. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:205-12. [PMID: 26674422 PMCID: PMC5153594 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool in regenerative medicine due to their capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages. In addition to MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs), adult MSCs are isolated from craniofacial tissues including dental pulp tissues (DPs) using various stem cell surface markers. However, there has been a lack of consensus on a set of surface makers that are reproducibly effective at isolating putative multipotent dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). In this study, we used different combinations of surface markers (CD51/CD140α, CD271, and STRO-1/CD146) to isolate homogeneous populations of DMSCs from heterogeneous dental pulp cells (DPCs) obtained from DP and compared their capacity to undergo multilineage differentiation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that 27.3% of DPCs were CD51+/CD140α+, 10.6% were CD271+, and 0.3% were STRO-1+/CD146+. Under odontogenic conditions, all three subsets of isolated DMSCs exhibited differentiation capacity into odontogenic lineages. Among these isolated subsets of DMSCs, CD271+ DMSCs demonstrated the greatest odontogenic potential. While all three combinations of surface markers in this study successfully isolated DMSCs from DPCs, the single CD271 marker presents the most effective stem cell surface marker for identification of DMSCs with high odontogenic potential. Isolated CD271+ DMSCs could potentially be utilized for future clinical applications in dentistry and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Alvarez
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christine Hong
- Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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Martins RP, Aguilar C, Graham JE, Carvajal A, Bautista R, Claros MG, Garrido JJ. Pyroptosis and adaptive immunity mechanisms are promptly engendered in mesenteric lymph-nodes during pig infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Vet Res 2013; 44:120. [PMID: 24308825 PMCID: PMC4028780 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the transcriptional response and the morphological changes occurring in porcine mesenteric lymph-nodes (MLN) along a time course of 1, 2 and 6 days post infection (dpi) with Salmonella Typhimurium. Additionally, we analysed the expression of some Salmonella effectors in tissue to complete our view of the processes triggered in these organs upon infection. The results indicate that besides dampening apoptosis, swine take advantage of the flagellin and prgJ expression by Salmonella Typhimuriun to induce pyroptosis in MLN, preventing bacterial dissemination. Furthermore, cross-presentation of Salmonella antigens was inferred as a mechanism that results in a rapid clearance of pathogen by cytotoxic T cells. In summary, although the Salmonella Typhimurium strain employed in this study was able to express some of its major virulence effectors in porcine MLN, a combination of early innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms might overcome virulence strategies employed by the pathogen, enabling the host to protect itself against bacterial spread beyond gut-associated lymph-nodes. Interestingly, we deduced that clathrin-mediated endocytosis could contribute to mechanisms of pathogen virulence and/or host defence in MLN of Salmonella infected swine. Taken together, our results are useful for a better understanding of the critical protective mechanisms against Salmonella that occur in porcine MLN to prevent the spread of infection beyond the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prado Martins
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - James E Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 40202, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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Martins RP, Collado-Romero M, Arce C, Lucena C, Carvajal A, Garrido JJ. Exploring the immune response of porcine mesenteric lymph nodes to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium: an analysis of transcriptional changes, morphological alterations and pathogen burden. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 36:149-60. [PMID: 23274115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) cause important economic problems in the swine industry and threaten the integrity of a safe and healthy food supply. Controlling the prevalence of Salmonella in pig production requires a thorough knowledge of the response processes that occurs in the gut associated immune tissues. To explore the in vivo porcine response to S. typhimurium, MLN samples from four control pigs and twelve infected animals at 1, 2 and 6 days post infection (dpi) were collected to quantify the mRNA expression of gene coding for 42 innate immune-related molecules. In addition, the presence of S. typhimurium in MLN was examined and its effect on tissue micro-anatomy. Higher S. typhimurium loads were observed at 2dpi, triggering an innate immune response, marked by a substantial infiltration of phagocytes and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes. Such response resulted in a significant decrease in pathogen burden in MLN at 6dpi, although Salmonella could not be completely eliminated from tissue. Furthermore, our results suggest that in porcine infections, S. typhimurium might interferes with dendritic cell-T cell interactions and this strategy could be involved in the conversion of Salmonella infected pigs to a carrier state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prado Martins
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Proteomic analysis of porcine mesenteric lymph-nodes after Salmonella typhimurium infection. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4457-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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