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Zhou Q, Weng Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Tong J, Hao X, Shi H, Shen P, Ren H, Xie J, Chen N. Association Between NPHS2 p.R229Q and Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis/Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:937122. [PMID: 35935761 PMCID: PMC9354893 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.937122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim NPHS2 is the coding gene of podocin. This study aims to investigate the association between NPHS2 p.R229Q (rs61747728), the most frequently reported missense variant of NPHS2, and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) based on typing the variant in a Chinese FSGS/SRNS cohort and conducting a meta-analysis. Method We recruited patients with FSGS or SRNS and healthy individuals. To conduct a meta-analysis, all studies on p.R229Q and FSGS/SRNS were searched from public databases. Results In total, we enrolled 204 patients with FSGS, 61 patients with SRNS [46 with FSGS, 9 with minimal change disease (MCD), and six patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN)], and 100 healthy controls. Unexpectedly, p.R229Q was absent in the patients from our cohort. By meta-analysis of 21 studies including 2,489 patients with FSGS/SRNS and 6,004 healthy controls, we confirmed that the A allele of p.R229Q was significantly associated with increased risk of FSGS/SRNS (allelic OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.44-2.52, P < 0.001). However, the subgroup analysis showed that the association between p.R229Q and FSGS/SRNS was true only in Caucasians (allelic OR = 2.14, 95%CI = 1.54-2.98, P < 0.001) and in early-onset patients (allelic OR: 2.13, 95% CI = 1.21-3.76, P = 0.009). Conclusion NPHS2 p.R229Q may play an important role in enhancing the susceptibility of FSGS/SRNS, especially in ethnicity of Caucasian and age of early-onset patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxiu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyuan Xie,
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Nan Chen,
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Spectrum of NPHS1 and NPHS2 variants in egyptian children with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis: identification of six novel variants and founder effect. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:689-698. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Identification of Nephrin gene variants in Indian children associated with Steroid sensitive and Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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4
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Joshi A, Sinha A, Sharma A, Shamim U, Uppilli B, Sharma P, Zahra S, Parveen S, Mathur A, Chandan M, Tewari P, Khandelwal P, Hari P, Mukerji M, Faruq M, Bagga A. Next-Generation Sequencing for Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study from India. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Baylarov R, Senol O, Atan M, Berdeli A. NPHS2 gene mutations in azerbaijani children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2021; 31:144-149. [PMID: 32129207 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.279934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria in children. Steroid- resistant NS (SRNS) is defined by resistance to standard steroid therapy, and it continues to be one of the most common causes of chronic renal failure. Molecular studies have revealed specialized molecules in different regions of the podocytes that play a role in proteinuria. Mutations in NPHS2 that encode for podocin constitute a frequent cause of SRNS worldwide. This study aimed to screen for podocin mutations in Azerbaijani patients with SRNS. Our study included 21 pediatric patients with SRNS aged between 0 and 18 years and the same number of healthy control groups. Mutational analysis of the NPHS2 gene was performed using direct sequencing methods. Disease-causing mutations in the NPHS2 gene were detected in eight patients (38%). Thirteen patients (62%) had NPHS2 mutations without causing the disease. Two patients had p.Val290Met homozygous mutation; two had p.Arg229Gln homozygous mutations; and one each had p.Pro20Leu homozygote, p.Leu169Pro homozygote, p.Arg138Gln homozygote, and p.Arg168His homozygous mutations. When we correlated the NPHS2 mutation status with disease progression, there was a statistically significant increase in serum creatinine, proteinuria, and serum albumin values in patients with NPHS2 gene mutations compared to the group without mutation (P <0.05). Our study concludes that mutations of the NPHS2 gene (38%) are heterogeneous in Azerbaijani SRNS patients. Based on our results, we support a model in which ethnicity plays an important role in certain NPHS2 mutations. NPHS2 mutation analysis may help to better predict the course of the disease, remove unnecessary long-term immunosuppressive therapy, and develop specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauf Baylarov
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Division, Azerbaijan State Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ozgur Senol
- Department of Pediatric Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Atan
- Department of Pediatric Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Afig Berdeli
- Department of Pediatric Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Saeed B. Genetic screening in children with challenging nephrotic syndrome. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2020; 31:1189-1197. [PMID: 33565430 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.308327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic screening paradigms for the nephrotic syndrome (NS) in the developed world are well established; however, screening in developing countries has received only minor attention. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of all children who underwent genetic testing for challenging NS from our registry in the 10-year interval from 2000 to 2010 and based on 58 patients aged 0-12 years with at least one of the following clinical diagnosis: Nonsyndromic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), familial NS, and congenital NS. Of these, 23 patients (~40%) had a history of familial disease occurrence. All cases were screened for NPHS2 and WT1 mutations by direct sequencing of all exons of the genes. In addition, all patients who were diagnosed during the first three months of life were screened for NPHS1 mutations too. A genetic disease cause was identified in 12 patients (20.7%); of these, five novel mutations, all in NPHS2 accounting for 42% of all mutations and 9% of the cohort. Nine patients were found to have NPHS2 mutations. Only one case with SRNS had a mutation in WT1. Of the five congenital NS, two cases were found to have NPHS1 mutations and one case with NPHS2 mutation. Therefore, mutations in NPHS2 were the most commonly identified and explained in 15.5% of the screened patients and WT1 mutation in 1.7% of cases, whereas NPHS1 mutations were found in 40% of congenital NS cases. A genetic disease cause was identified in 20.7% of the screened patients. Among 12 identified mutations, abnormalities in NPHS2 (n = 9) were most commonly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Saeed
- Farah Association for Child with Kidney Disease, Damascus, Syria
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7
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Jyoti SS, Islam F, Shrabonee II, Sultana TN, Chaity NI, Nahid NA, Islam MR, Islam MS, Apu MNH. Prevalence of NPHS2 gene R229Q polymorphism in Bangladeshi children with nephrotic syndrome. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05317. [PMID: 33102883 PMCID: PMC7578689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited and contradictory pharmacogenetic studies of NPHS2 gene R229Q polymorphism in nephrotic syndrome (NS) children of different ethnicities steered us to investigate the genotype frequency and associated risk of this polymorphism in Bangladeshi NS children. Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted which comprised a total of 142 children having nephrotic syndrome (NS), divided into 2 groups: case group consisted of 40 children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and control group involved 102 children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). Both were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for R229Q polymorphism. Results The results indicate the presence of R229Q polymorphism in 27.50% of SRNS and 12.75% of SSNS children. SRNS children possess 2.94-fold greater risk (p = 0.025) of carrying Arg/Gln genotype compared to SSNS children. Moreover, R229Q variant in SRNS children was observed as in a compound heterozygous form with p.Ala297Val located in exon 8. Age of onset (4–6 years) presents as a significant contributing factor (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.023–1.094; p = 0.001) for SRNS susceptibility in Bangladeshi children. Contrarily, though the incidence of SRNS was higher in male children than female (80% vs 20%), gender remains to be a neutral factor (p = 0.257) in relation to SRNS susceptibility. Conclusion Compound heterozygosity of NPHS2 p.R229Q gene variant with p.Ala297Val may cause pathogenic SRNS in Bangladeshi children. Large scale studies are warranted to establish the genotype-phenotype correlation. It is recommended to screen for p.R229Q first and, if positive, for p.Ala297Val in Bangladeshi SRNS children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana Jyoti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ishrat Islam Shrabonee
- Department of Pediatric, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Taposhi Nahid Sultana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Islam Chaity
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Noor Ahmed Nahid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reazul Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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Hermle T, Schneider R, Schapiro D, Braun DA, van der Ven AT, Warejko JK, Daga A, Widmeier E, Nakayama M, Jobst-Schwan T, Majmundar AJ, Ashraf S, Rao J, Finn LS, Tasic V, Hernandez JD, Bagga A, Jalalah SM, El Desoky S, Kari JA, Laricchia KM, Lek M, Rehm HL, MacArthur DG, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. GAPVD1 and ANKFY1 Mutations Implicate RAB5 Regulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2123-2138. [PMID: 29959197 PMCID: PMC6065084 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a frequent cause of CKD. The discovery of monogenic causes of SRNS has revealed specific pathogenetic pathways, but these monogenic causes do not explain all cases of SRNS. METHODS To identify novel monogenic causes of SRNS, we screened 665 patients by whole-exome sequencing. We then evaluated the in vitro functional significance of two genes and the mutations therein that we discovered through this sequencing and conducted complementary studies in podocyte-like Drosophila nephrocytes. RESULTS We identified conserved, homozygous missense mutations of GAPVD1 in two families with early-onset NS and a homozygous missense mutation of ANKFY1 in two siblings with SRNS. GAPVD1 and ANKFY1 interact with the endosomal regulator RAB5. Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated interaction between GAPVD1 and ANKFY1 proteins, which also colocalized when expressed in HEK293T cells. Silencing either protein diminished the podocyte migration rate. Compared with wild-type GAPVD1 and ANKFY1, the mutated proteins produced upon ectopic expression of GAPVD1 or ANKFY1 bearing the patient-derived mutations exhibited altered binding affinity for active RAB5 and reduced ability to rescue the knockout-induced defect in podocyte migration. Coimmunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated a physical interaction between nephrin and GAPVD1, and immunofluorescence revealed partial colocalization of these proteins in rat glomeruli. The patient-derived GAPVD1 mutations reduced nephrin-GAPVD1 binding affinity. In Drosophila, silencing Gapvd1 impaired endocytosis and caused mistrafficking of the nephrin ortholog. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in GAPVD1 and probably in ANKFY1 are novel monogenic causes of NS. The discovery of these genes implicates RAB5 regulation in the pathogenesis of human NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hermle
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Schapiro
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amelie T van der Ven
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian K Warejko
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankana Daga
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura S Finn
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical Faculty Skopje, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Joel D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Spokane, Washington
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sherif El Desoky
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristen M Laricchia
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Monkol Lek
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Abid A, Shahid S, Shakoor M, Lanewala AA, Hashmi S, Khaliq S. Screening of the LAMB2, WT1, NPHS1, and NPHS2 Genes in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Genet 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 30013592 PMCID: PMC6036290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the NPHS1, NPHS2, LAMB2, and the WT1 genes are responsible for causing nephrotic syndrome (NS) in two third of the early onset cases. This study was carried out to assess the frequencies of mutations in these genes in a cohort of pediatric NS patients. A total of 64 pediatric familial or sporadic SRNS cases were recruited. Among these, 74% had a disease onset of up to 3 years of age. We found one homozygous frameshift mutation in the NPHS1 gene in one CNS case and two homozygous mutations in the NPHS2 gene. Six mutations in four cases in the LAMB2 gene were also identified. No mutation was detected in the WT1 gene in isolated SRNS cases. LAMB2 gene missense mutations were segregating in NS cases with no extra-renal abnormalities. Analysis of the population genomic data (1000 genome and gnomAD databases) for the prevalence estimation revealed that NS is more prevalent than previously determined from clinical cohorts especially in Asian population compared with overall world populations (prevalence worldwide was 1in 189036 and in South-Asian was 1in 56689). Our results reiterated a low prevalence of mutations in the NPHS1, NPHS2, LAMB2, and WT1 genes in the studied population from Pakistan as compared to some European population that showed a high prevalence of mutations in these genes. This is a comprehensive screening of the genes causing early onset NS in sporadic and familial NS cases suggesting a more systematic and robust approach for mutation identification in all the 45 disease-causing genes in NS in our population is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Abid
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shahid
- Department of Genomic, National Institute of Blood Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Shakoor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali A Lanewala
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Seema Hashmi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zhang H, Wang F, Liu X, Zhong X, Yao Y, Xiao H. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by co-inheritance of mutations at NPHS1 and ADCK4 genes in two Chinese siblings. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017; 6:299-303. [PMID: 29259860 PMCID: PMC5735285 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2017.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary nephrotic syndrome often presents with steroid-resistance and onset within the first year of life. Mutations in genes highly expressed in podocytes have been found in two thirds of these patients, especially NPHS1 and NPHS2 among at least 29 genetic causes that have been discovered. We reported two siblings with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by co-inheritance of mutations at NPHS1 (c.1339G>A, p.E447K) and ACDK4 (c.748G>C, p.D250H) genes. The siblings presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and pathological lesions of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), while the elder sister also developed hypertension, renal failure and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhong
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Huijie Xiao, Department of Pediatric, Peking University First Hospital, No.1 Xi An Men Da Jie, Beijing 100034, China. E-mail:
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11
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NPHS2 Mutations: A Closer Look to Latin American Countries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7518789. [PMID: 28785586 PMCID: PMC5529630 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7518789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common kidney pathologies in childhood, being characterized by proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. In clinical practice, it is divided into two categories based on the response to steroid therapy: steroid-sensitive and steroid resistant. Inherited impairments of proteins located in the glomerular filtration barrier have been identified as important causes of nephrotic syndrome, with one of these being podocin, coded by NPHS2 gene. NPHS2 mutations are the most frequent genetic cause of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. The aim of this review is to update the list of NPHS2 mutations reported between June 2013 and February 2017, with a closer look to mutations occurring in Latin American countries.
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Thomas MM, Abdel-Hamid MS, Mahfouz NN, Ghobrial EE. Genetic mutation in Egyptian children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 117:48-53. [PMID: 28385484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Nephrotic syndrome is the commonest etiology of proteinuria in children. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is defined by resistance to standard steroid therapy, and it continues to be one of the most intractable etiologies of renal failure. Molecular studies discovered specialized molecules in podocytes that play a role in proteinuria. Mutations in NPHS2 that encodes for podocin constitute a frequent cause of SRNS worldwide. This study aimed to screen for podocin mutations in SRNS Egyptian children and their parents. METHODS Our study included patients from 10 unrelated Egyptian families diagnosed with SRNS. Mutational analysis of the NPHS2 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the whole coding region of the gene and direct sequencing. RESULTS Positive consanguinity was detected in five cases, and four of them had a positive family history of SRNS in a family member. Mutational analysis of NPHS2 revealed pathogenic mutations in four cases (40%) including a novel missense in one patient (c.1A>T; p.M1L). CONCLUSION Our study concludes that mutations of NPHS2 gene are common among Egyptian children with SRNS. We support a model where ethnicity plays an important role in specific NPHS2 mutations, since a novel mutation was found in one patient in this study. Future study on a large number of Egyptian patients with SRNS is warranted to identify the actual genetic contribution of this gene in the development of SRNS in our population, which might help in patients' prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Micheal Thomas
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Computational analysis of nsSNPs of NPHS1 gene and their effect on protein structural stability. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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14
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WT1 and NPHS2 gene mutation analysis and clinical management of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:177-181. [PMID: 27885584 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease predominantly present in children with idiopathic condition; final stage of the disease progresses into end-stage renal disease. Generally, NS is treated using standard steroid therapy, however; most of the children are steroid sensitive and about 15-20% are non-responders (SRNS). Non-responsiveness of these children would be a risk with the possibility of mutational changes in podocyte genes (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, PLCE1). The mutation in podocyte genes is associated with SRNS. NPHS1, NPHS2, and WT1 genes are identified/directly linked to SRNS. The present study is a surveillance on the mutation analysis of WT1 (exons 8 and 9) and NPHS2 (exons 1-8) gene in SRNS followed by clinical management. In the present study, we analyzed these two genes in a total of 117 SRNS (73 boys and 44 girls) children. A total of five mutations were detected in six children. First, WT1 mutation was detected at 9th intron-IVS 9 + 4C > T position in one SRNS female patient. This WT1 mutation was identified in a girl having Frasier Syndrome (FS) with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and a complete sex reversal found through molecular and karyological screening. In NPHS2, missense mutations of P20L (in two children), P316S, and p.R229Q, and a frame shift mutation of 42delG were detected. Thus, applying molecular investigation helped us to decide on treatment plan of SRNS patients, mainly to avoid unnecessary immunosuppressive treatment.
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15
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Weber S, Büscher AK, Hagmann H, Liebau MC, Heberle C, Ludwig M, Rath S, Alberer M, Beissert A, Zenker M, Hoyer PF, Konrad M, Klein HG, Hoefele J. Dealing with the incidental finding of secondary variants by the example of SRNS patients undergoing targeted next-generation sequencing. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:73-81. [PMID: 26248470 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a severe cause of progressive renal disease. Genetic forms of SRNS can present with autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant inheritance. Recent studies have identified mutations in multiple podocyte genes responsible for SRNS. Improved sequencing methods (next-generation sequencing, NGS) now promise rapid mutational testing of SRNS genes. METHODS In the present study, a simultaneous screening of ten SRNS genes in 37 SRNS patients was performed by NGS. RESULTS In 38 % of the patients, causative mutations in one SRNS gene were found. In 22 % of the patients, in addition to these mutations, a secondary variant in a different gene was identified. CONCLUSIONS This high incidence of accumulating sequence variants was unexpected but, although they might have modifier effects, the pathogenic potential of these additional sequence variants seems unclear so far. The example of molecular diagnostics by NGS in SRNS patients shows that these new sequencing technologies might provide further insight into molecular pathogenicity in genetic disorders but will also generate results, which will be difficult to interpret and complicate genetic counseling. Although NGS promises more frequent identification of disease-causing mutations, the identification of causative mutations, the interpretation of incidental findings and possible pitfalls might pose problems, which hopefully will decrease by further experience and elucidation of molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Weber
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja K Büscher
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Hagmann
- Renal Division, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Renal Division, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Heberle
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics Dr. Klein, Dr. Rost and Colleagues, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Rath
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics Dr. Klein, Dr. Rost and Colleagues, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Alberer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Beissert
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter F Hoyer
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Hanns-Georg Klein
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics Dr. Klein, Dr. Rost and Colleagues, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics Dr. Klein, Dr. Rost and Colleagues, Martinsried, Germany.
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16
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Lu L, Sun XM, Yin Y, Huang YF, Wang M, Wan H, Wei LB, Xiao W. The amino acid mutations of the podocin in proteinuria: a meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2015. [PMID: 26211502 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1067129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While many previous studies have reported an association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the podocin and proteinuria occurred, a conclusive relationship has not been defined in every oligoallelic state of amino acid (AA) mutations in podocin. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of the published data to investigate the impact of the oligoallelic AA mutations of the podocin on proteinuria; a total 16 AA mutations were investigated for oligoallelic pathogenicity. Despite significant heterogeneity within some of the comparisons, the results revealed significantly higher risks of proteinuria in early-onset (onset age <16) individuals for five mutations (P118L, R138Q, R168H, V180M, and V260E), and in all onset ages individuals for five mutations (R138Q, G140X, R229Q, V260E, and V290M) compared to non-variant individuals. We also tested the steroid response in individuals with R229Q and E237Q. No statistically significant differences in the two mutations carrier rate were observed between steroid resistance patients and controls. No AA mutation was selected for meta-analysis on the recurrence of proteinuria after renal transplantation as lack of control data. In conclusion, our meta-analysis tested the pathogenicity of the oligoallelic AA mutations in podocin and suggested the potential causative mutations, and the alleles showing an association with protein susceptibility. The sensitivity and specificity of each causative mutation are pending further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-ming Sun
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yi Yin
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China .,b Department of Nephrology , Southern Medical University TCM-Integrated Hospital , Guangzhou , China .,c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Yan-feng Huang
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China .,b Department of Nephrology , Southern Medical University TCM-Integrated Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Wang
- c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Heng Wan
- d Department of Endocrinology , The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lian-Bo Wei
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China .,b Department of Nephrology , Southern Medical University TCM-Integrated Hospital , Guangzhou , China .,c Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Wei Xiao
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic variants associated with chronic kidney disease characterized by tubulointerstitial damages in North Central Region, Sri Lanka. Environ Health Prev Med 2015. [PMID: 26108971 DOI: 10.1007/s12199‐015‐0475‐1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The familial clustering observed in chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) characterized by tubulointerstitial damages in the North Central Region of Sri Lanka strongly suggests the involvement of genetic factors in its pathogenesis. The objective of the present study is to use whole-exome sequencing to identify the genetic variants associated with CKDu. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing of eight CKDu cases and eight controls was performed, followed by direct sequencing of candidate loci in 301 CKDu cases and 276 controls. RESULTS Association study revealed rs34970857 (c.658G > A/p.V220M) located in the KCNA10 gene encoding a voltage-gated K channel as the most promising SNP with the highest odds ratio of 1.74. Four rare variants were identified in gene encoding Laminin beta2 (LAMB2) which is known to cause congenital nephrotic syndrome. Three out of four variants in LAMB2 were novel variants found exclusively in cases. CONCLUSION Genetic investigations provide strong evidence on the presence of genetic susceptibility for CKDu. Possibility of presence of several rare variants associated with CKDu in this population is also suggested.
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18
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Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic variants associated with chronic kidney disease characterized by tubulointerstitial damages in North Central Region, Sri Lanka. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20:354-9. [PMID: 26108971 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The familial clustering observed in chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) characterized by tubulointerstitial damages in the North Central Region of Sri Lanka strongly suggests the involvement of genetic factors in its pathogenesis. The objective of the present study is to use whole-exome sequencing to identify the genetic variants associated with CKDu. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing of eight CKDu cases and eight controls was performed, followed by direct sequencing of candidate loci in 301 CKDu cases and 276 controls. RESULTS Association study revealed rs34970857 (c.658G > A/p.V220M) located in the KCNA10 gene encoding a voltage-gated K channel as the most promising SNP with the highest odds ratio of 1.74. Four rare variants were identified in gene encoding Laminin beta2 (LAMB2) which is known to cause congenital nephrotic syndrome. Three out of four variants in LAMB2 were novel variants found exclusively in cases. CONCLUSION Genetic investigations provide strong evidence on the presence of genetic susceptibility for CKDu. Possibility of presence of several rare variants associated with CKDu in this population is also suggested.
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19
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Mishra OP, Kakani N, Singh AK, Narayan G, Abhinay A, Prasad R, Batra VV. NPHS2 R229Q polymorphism in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: is it responsive to immunosuppressive therapy? J Trop Pediatr 2014; 60:231-7. [PMID: 24519673 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients with NPHS2 gene mutations have been reported as non-responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. Inter-ethnic differences can have influence over the frequency of mutations. The present study was undertaken to find out the incidence and treatment response. Mutational analysis of NPHS2 gene was performed in 20 sporadic idiopathic SRNS, 90 steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and 50 normal controls. NPHS2 gene analysis showed R229Q polymorphism in six SRNS (30%), four SSNS (4.4%) and 13 controls (26%). The polymorphism (G→A) showed Hardy-Weinberg distribution and risk allele (G) had strong association with the disease (odds ratio 3.14, 95% CI 1.33-7.43) than controls. Five cases of SRNS having polymorphism showed partial remission to cyclosporine and prednisolone. Overall, partial remission was achieved in 14(70%), complete remission in four (20%), one(5%) patient had no response and one(5%) died. Thus, NPHS2 gene showed R229Q polymorphism and patients achieved partial remission to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Neha Kakani
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arun K Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Abhinay
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajniti Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vineeta V Batra
- Department of Pathology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi 110002, India
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20
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Kari JA. Reply to RE: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: impact of genetic testing. Ann Saudi Med 2014; 34:270. [PMID: 25266195 PMCID: PMC6074596 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2014.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Abdulaziz Kari
- Jameela Abdulaziz Kari, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University,, PO Box 13042 Jeddah 21943, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Lovric S, Fang H, Vega-Warner V, Sadowski CE, Gee HY, Halbritter J, Ashraf S, Saisawat P, Soliman NA, Kari JA, Otto EA, Hildebrandt F. Rapid detection of monogenic causes of childhood-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:1109-16. [PMID: 24742477 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.09010813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), >21 single-gene causes are known. However, mutation analysis of all known SRNS genes is time and cost intensive. This report describes a new high-throughput method of mutation analysis using a PCR-based microfluidic technology that allows rapid simultaneous mutation analysis of 21 single-gene causes of SRNS in a large number of individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This study screened individuals with SRNS; samples were submitted for mutation analysis from international sources between 1996 and 2012. For proof of principle, a pilot cohort of 48 individuals who harbored known mutations in known SRNS genes was evaluated. After improvements to the method, 48 individuals with an unknown cause of SRNS were then examined in a subsequent diagnostic study. The analysis included 16 recessive SRNS genes and 5 dominant SRNS genes. A 10-fold primer multiplexing was applied, allowing PCR-based amplification of 474 amplicons in 21 genes for 48 DNA samples simultaneously. Forty-eight individuals were indexed in a barcode PCR, and high-throughput sequencing was performed. All disease-causing variants were confirmed via Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The pilot study identified the genetic cause of disease in 42 of 48 (87.5%) of the affected individuals. The diagnostic study detected the genetic cause of disease in 16 of 48 (33%) of the affected individuals with a previously unknown cause of SRNS. Seven novel disease-causing mutations in PLCE1 (n=5), NPHS1 (n=1), and LAMB2 (n=1) were identified in <3 weeks. Use of this method could reduce costs to 1/29th of the cost of Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSION This highly parallel approach allows rapid (<3 weeks) mutation analysis of 21 genes known to cause SRNS at a greatly reduced cost (1/29th) compared with traditional mutation analysis techniques. It detects mutations in about 33% of childhood-onset SRNS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Lovric
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Humphrey Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Virginia Vega-Warner
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carolin E Sadowski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pawaree Saisawat
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology & Transplantation, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University and Egyptian Group of Orphan Diseases, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
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22
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Lu L, Wan H, Yin Y, Feng WJ, Wang M, Zou YC, Huang B, Wang DT, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Wei LB. The p.R229Q variant of the NPHS2 (podocin) gene in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:1383-93. [PMID: 24715228 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
While many previous studies have reported an association between the p.R229Q variant of the NPHS2 gene and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), a conclusive relationship has not been defined. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of the published data to investigate the impact of the p.R229Q polymorphism on FSGS and SRNS patients. Despite significant heterogeneity within some of the comparisons, the results revealed significantly higher risks of SRNS in individuals homozygous for the variant allele (OR 7.411, 95% confidence interval 1.876-29.436, p = 0.004) compared to homozygous non-variant individuals. However, the carrier rate of the p.R229Q variant was not significantly different between SRNS patients and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome patients. No statistically significant differences in the p.R229Q carrier rate were observed between FSGS patients and controls or FSGS patients and patients with different pathology classifications. No notable differences in the p.R229Q carrier rate were found between patients and controls in any group with early-onset disease (onset age < 18). In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that for adult-onset disease (onset age > 18), the homozygous variant could be a potential predictor of hereditary nephrotic syndrome and that the p.R229Q allele cannot currently be considered a risk factor for predicting FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
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Mubarak M, Abid A. Re: steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: impact of genetic testing. Ann Saudi Med 2014; 34:191. [PMID: 24894794 PMCID: PMC6074863 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mubarak
- Muhammed Mubarak, SUIT-Histopathology,, Dewan Faruque Medical Complex,, Civil Hospital, Karachi,, Sindh 74200, Pakistan T: 922199215752 F: 922132726165,
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24
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Rinschen MM, Wu X, König T, Pisitkun T, Hagmann H, Pahmeyer C, Lamkemeyer T, Kohli P, Schnell N, Schermer B, Dryer S, Brooks BR, Beltrao P, Krueger M, Brinkkoetter PT, Benzing T. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals regulatory mechanisms at the kidney filtration barrier. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1509-22. [PMID: 24511133 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the kidney filtration barrier are a leading cause of ESRD. Most disorders affect the podocytes, polarized cells with a limited capacity for self-renewal that require tightly controlled signaling to maintain their integrity, viability, and function. Here, we provide an atlas of in vivo phosphorylated, glomerulus-expressed proteins, including podocyte-specific gene products, identified in an unbiased tandem mass spectrometry-based approach. We discovered 2449 phosphorylated proteins corresponding to 4079 identified high-confidence phosphorylated residues and performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis of this dataset. We discovered 146 phosphorylation sites on proteins abundantly expressed in podocytes. The prohibitin homology domain of the slit diaphragm protein podocin contained one such site, threonine 234 (T234), located within a phosphorylation motif that is mutated in human genetic forms of proteinuria. The T234 site resides at the interface of podocin dimers. Free energy calculation through molecular dynamic simulations revealed a role for T234 in regulating podocin dimerization. We show that phosphorylation critically regulates formation of high molecular weight complexes and that this may represent a general principle for the assembly of proteins containing prohibitin homology domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne
| | - Xiongwu Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tim König
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henning Hagmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Tobias Lamkemeyer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases
| | - Priyanka Kohli
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases
| | - Nicole Schnell
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases
| | - Bernard R Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marcus Krueger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Benzing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne,
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Exome analysis resolves differential diagnosis of familial kidney disease and uncovers a potential confounding variant. Genet Res (Camb) 2014; 95:165-73. [PMID: 24472419 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672313000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A girl aged 6 presented with haematuria and her sister (aged 5) presented with haematuria and proteinuria. Family history showed multiple individuals suffering from end stage renal failure from the paternal side of the pedigree. Following kidney biopsy in the father and paternal grandmother, the pathological diagnosis was of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Exome sequencing was undertaken in the proband's sister and grandmother. Genetic variants shared by both affected individuals were interrogated to identify the genetic cause of disease. Candidate variants were then sequenced in all the family members to determine segregation with the disease. A mutation of COL4A5 known to cause Alport syndrome segregated with disease from the paternal side of the pedigree and a variant in NPHS1 was present in both paediatric cases and inherited from their mother. This study highlights the advantages of exome sequencing over single gene testing; disease presentation can be heterogeneous with several genes representing plausible candidates; candidate gene(s) may be unavailable as a diagnostic test; consecutive, single gene testing typically concludes once a single causal mutation is identified. In this family, we were able to confirm a diagnosis of Alport syndrome, which will facilitate testing in other family members.
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26
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Bouchireb K, Boyer O, Gribouval O, Nevo F, Huynh-Cong E, Morinière V, Campait R, Ars E, Brackman D, Dantal J, Eckart P, Gigante M, Lipska BS, Liutkus A, Megarbane A, Mohsin N, Ozaltin F, Saleem MA, Schaefer F, Soulami K, Torra R, Garcelon N, Mollet G, Dahan K, Antignac C. NPHS2Mutations in Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Mutation Update and the Associated Phenotypic Spectrum. Hum Mutat 2013; 35:178-86. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bouchireb
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Inserm U983; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Inserm U983; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Olivier Gribouval
- Inserm U983; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- Inserm U983; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Evelyne Huynh-Cong
- Inserm U983; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Vincent Morinière
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
| | - Raphaëlle Campait
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
| | - Elisabet Ars
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Damien Brackman
- Department of Pediatrics; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Jacques Dantal
- Service de Néphrologie et Immunologie Clinique; ITERT, CHU Hôtel Dieu; Nantes France
| | | | - Maddalena Gigante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Beata S. Lipska
- Department of Biology and Genetics; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk 80-211 Poland
| | - Aurélia Liutkus
- Service de Néphrologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques; Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant; Bron France
| | - André Megarbane
- Unité de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine; Université Saint Joseph; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nabil Mohsin
- Department of Nephrology; Royal Hospital; Muscat Oman
| | - Fatih Ozaltin
- Nephrogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology; Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - Franz Schaefer
- PodoNet Consortium; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg University Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kenza Soulami
- CHU Ibn Rochd; Service de Néphrologie Dialyse Transplantation; Casablanca Morocco
| | - Roser Torra
- Nephrology Department; Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Nicolas Garcelon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Inserm U872; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
| | - Géraldine Mollet
- Inserm U983; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Karin Dahan
- Centre de Génétique Humaine; Université Catholique de Louvain; Bruxelles Belgique
| | - Corinne Antignac
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Inserm U983; Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
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Kari JA, El-Desoky SM, Gari M, Malik K, Vega-Warner V, Lovric S, Bockenhauer D. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: impact of genetic testing. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33:533-8. [PMID: 24413855 PMCID: PMC6074900 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mutations in several genes are known to cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndome (SRNS), most commonly in NPHS1, NPHS2, and WT1. Our aims were to determine the frequency of mutations in these genes in children with SRNS, the response of patients with SRNS to various immunosuppressants, and the disease outcome, and to review the predictive value of genetic testing and renal biopsy result. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A retrospective review was performed of the medical records for all children with SRNS who were treated and followed-up in the Pediatric Nephrology Unit of King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2002-2012. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children above 1 year of age, who presented with SRNS to KAUH, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in the 10-year interval from 2002-2012 and for whom the results of genetic testing for NPHS1, NPHS2, and WT1 were available. We compared the clinical phenotype, including response to treatment and renal outcome to genotype data. RESULTS We identified 44 children with a clinical diagnosis of SRNS in whom results of genetic testing were available. Presumably disease-causing mutations were detected in 5 children (11.4%) of which 3 (6.8%) had NPHS2 mutation and 2 (4.5%) had NPHS1 mutation. Renal biopsy revealed minimal change disease (MCD) or variants in 17 children, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 23 children, membranoproliferative changes (MPGN) in 2 children, and IgA nephropathy in another 2 children. Children with MCD on biopsy were more likely to respond to treatment than those with FSGS. None of those with an identified genetic cause showed any response to treatment. CONCLUSION The frequency of identified disease-causing mutations in children older than 1 year with SRNS presented to KAUH was 11.4%, and these patients showed no response to treatment. Initial testing for gene mutation in children with SRNS may obviate the need for biopsy, and the use of immunosuppressive treatment in children with disease due to NPHS1 or NPHS2 mutations. Renal biopsy was useful in predicting response in those without genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela A Kari
- Jameela Abdulaziz Kari, Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University,, PO Box 13042 Jeddah 21943, Saudi Arabia, T: 966-505-677904, F: 966-22-408-8353,
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Littman MP, Wiley CA, Raducha MG, Henthorn PS. Glomerulopathy and mutations in NPHS1 and KIRREL2 in soft-coated Wheaten Terrier dogs. Mamm Genome 2013; 24:119-26. [PMID: 23325127 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dogs of the soft-coated wheaten terrier breed (SCWT) are predisposed to adult-onset, genetically complex, protein-losing nephropathy (average onset age = 6.3 ± 2.0 years). A genome-wide association study using 62 dogs revealed a chromosomal region containing three statistically significant SNPs (p(raw) ≤ 4.13 × 10(-8); p(genome) ≤ 0.005) when comparing DNA samples from affected and geriatric (≥14 years) unaffected SCWTs. Sequencing of candidate genes in the region revealed single nucleotide changes in each of two closely linked genes, NPHS1 and KIRREL2, which encode the slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and Neph3/filtrin, respectively. In humans, mutations in nephrin and decreased expression of Neph3 are associated with podocytopathy and protein-losing nephropathy. The base substitutions change a glycine to arginine in the fibronectin type 3 domain of nephrin and a proline to arginine in a conserved proline-rich region in Neph3. These novel mutations are not described in other species, nor were they found in 550 dogs of 105 other breeds, except in 3 dogs, including an affected Airedale terrier, homozygous for both substitutions. Risk for nephropathy is highest in dogs homozygous for the mutations (OR = 9.06; 95 % CI = 4.24-19.35). This is the first molecular characterization of an inherited podocytopathy in dogs and may serve as a model for continued studies of complex genetic and environmental interactions in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl P Littman
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine-Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
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