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Murakami A. Impact of hormesis to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the bioactivities of polyphenols. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103074. [PMID: 38325232 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cells, organs, and the whole body are continuously exposed to various types of stressors, including oxidative stress, protein denaturation, hypoxia, energy starvation, and pathogen insults. Hormesis is an adaptive phenomenon in which a stressor induces cellular stress responses at low or moderate doses, while catastrophic damage is manifested at high doses. Polyphenols, as xenobiotic phytochemicals, exhibit stress responses in animal cells, as demonstrated in cellular and rodent models. In this review article, the author highlighted several molecular mechanisms underlying different types of stress adaptation and hormetic phenomena induced by bioactive polyphenols to substantially understand how and why those phytochemicals function in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12, Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
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2
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Shan L, Heusinkveld HJ, Paul KC, Hughes S, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR, Homberg JR. Towards improved screening of toxins for Parkinson's risk. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:169. [PMID: 38114496 PMCID: PMC10730534 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and disabling neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence of PD has risen considerably over the past decades. A growing body of evidence suggest that exposure to environmental toxins, including pesticides, solvents and heavy metals (collectively called toxins), is at least in part responsible for this rapid growth. It is worrying that the current screening procedures being applied internationally to test for possible neurotoxicity of specific compounds offer inadequate insights into the risk of developing PD in humans. Improved screening procedures are therefore urgently needed. Our review first substantiates current evidence on the relation between exposure to environmental toxins and the risk of developing PD. We subsequently propose to replace the current standard toxin screening by a well-controlled multi-tier toxin screening involving the following steps: in silico studies (tier 1) followed by in vitro tests (tier 2), aiming to prioritize agents with human relevant routes of exposure. More in depth studies can be undertaken in tier 3, with whole-organism (in)vertebrate models. Tier 4 has a dedicated focus on cell loss in the substantia nigra and on the presumed mechanisms of neurotoxicity in rodent models, which are required to confirm or refute the possible neurotoxicity of any individual compound. This improved screening procedure should not only evaluate new pesticides that seek access to the market, but also critically assess all pesticides that are being used today, acknowledging that none of these has ever been proven to be safe from a perspective of PD. Importantly, the improved screening procedures should not just assess the neurotoxic risk of isolated compounds, but should also specifically look at the cumulative risk conveyed by exposure to commonly used combinations of pesticides (cocktails). The worldwide implementation of such an improved screening procedure, would be an essential step for policy makers and governments to recognize PD-related environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Hughes
- A-LIFE Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environmental Health and Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hsi TC, Ong KL, Sepers JJ, Kim J, Bilder D. Systemic coagulopathy promotes host lethality in a new Drosophila tumor model. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3002-3010.e6. [PMID: 37354901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors trigger a complex network of inflammatory and wound repair responses, prompting Dvorak's characterization of tumors as "wounds that never heal."1 Some of these responses lead to profound defects in blood clotting, such as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), which correlate with poor prognoses.2,3,4 Here, we demonstrate that a new tumor model in Drosophila provokes phenotypes that resemble coagulopathies observed in patients. Fly ovarian tumors overproduce multiple secreted components of the clotting cascade and trigger hypercoagulation of fly blood (hemolymph). Hypercoagulation occurs shortly after tumor induction and is transient; it is followed by a hypocoagulative state that is defective in wound healing. Cellular clotting regulators accumulate on the tumor over time and are depleted from the body, suggesting that hypocoagulation is caused by exhaustion of host clotting components. We show that rescuing coagulopathy by depleting a tumor-produced clotting factor improves survival of tumor-bearing flies, despite the fact that flies have an open (non-vascular) circulatory system. As clinical studies suggest that lethality in patients with high serum levels of clotting components can be independent of thrombotic events,5,6 our work establishes a platform for identifying alternative mechanisms by which tumor-driven coagulopathy triggers early mortality. Moreover, it opens up exploration of other conserved mechanisms of host responses to chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ching Hsi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Katy L Ong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jorian J Sepers
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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4
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Zhou D, Sun MH, Jiang WJ, Li XH, Lee SH, Heo G, Niu YJ, Ock SA, Cui XS. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects porcine oocytes against post-ovulatory aging through inhibition of oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8633-8644. [PMID: 36375471 PMCID: PMC9699752 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress are major factors that drive the process of post-ovulatory oocyte aging. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which accounts for up to 50% of the catechins, possesses versatile biological functions, including preventing or treating diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. The aim of this study was to explore whether EGCG can delay porcine oocyte aging by preventing oxidative stress. Metaphase II (MII) oocytes were cultured for 48 h with different concentrations of EGCG (0-100 μM) in vitro as a post-ovulatory aging model. An optimal concentration of 5 μM EGCG maintained oocyte morphology and developmental competence during aging. The oocytes were randomly divided into five groups: fresh, 24 h control, 24 h EGCG, 48 h control, and 48 h EGCG. The results suggest that EGCG significantly prevents aging-induced oxidative stress, glutathione (GSH) reduction, apoptosis, and autophagy. Moreover, mitochondria DNA copy number was decreased, and the number of active mitochondria and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels significantly increased by supplementation with EGCG. Thus, EGCG has a preventive role against aging in porcine post-ovulatory oocytes due to its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and promote mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wen-Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Geun Heo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ying-Jie Niu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sun A. Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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5
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Wang Y, Wu S, Li Q, Lang W, Li W, Jiang X, Wan Z, Chen J, Wang H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: A phytochemical as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977521. [PMID: 36172194 PMCID: PMC9511047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant polyphenolic component derived from green tea extract, possesses versatile bioactivities that can combat many diseases. During the last decade, EGCG was shown to be effective in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several experimental studies have suggested that it has pleiotropic neuroprotective effects, which has enhanced the appeal of EGCG as a therapeutic strategy in PD. In this review, we compiled recent updates and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of EGCG in PD. We focused on the effects of EGCG on apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, modulation of dopamine production, and the aggregation of α-synuclein. The review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in PD. Taken together, the accumulated data indicate that EGCG is a promising neuroprotective compound for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Weihong Lang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chifeng University Health Science Center, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhirong Wan
- Department of Neurology,Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jichao Chen, ; Hongquan Wang,
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jichao Chen, ; Hongquan Wang,
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Adedara AO, Babalola AD, Stephano F, Awogbindin IO, Olopade JO, Rocha JBT, Whitworth AJ, Abolaji AO. An assessment of the rescue action of resveratrol in parkin loss of function-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3922. [PMID: 35273283 PMCID: PMC8913626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in parkin is associated with onset of juvenile Parkinson's disease (PD). Resveratrol is a polyphenolic stilbene with neuroprotective activity. Here, we evaluated the rescue action of resveratrol in parkin mutant D. melanogaster. The control flies (w1118) received diet-containing 2% ethanol (vehicle), while the PD flies received diets-containing resveratrol (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg diet) for 21 days to assess survival rate. Consequently, similar treatments were carried out for 10 days to evaluate locomotor activity, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. We also determined mRNA levels of Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1, an antioxidant gene) and ple, which encodes tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting step in dopamine synthesis. Our data showed that resveratrol improved survival rate and climbing activity of PD flies compared to untreated PD flies. Additionally, resveratrol protected against decreased activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase and levels of non-protein thiols and total thiols displayed by PD flies. Moreover, resveratrol mitigated against parkin mutant-induced accumulations of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Resveratrol attenuated downregulation of ple and Sod1 and reduction in mitochondrial fluorescence intensity displayed by PD flies. Overall, resveratrol alleviated oxidative stress and locomotor deficit associated with parkin loss-of-function mutation and therefore might be useful for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola O Adedara
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayoade D Babalola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Flora Stephano
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - João B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R/S, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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7
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Ganesan S, Parvathi VD. Deconstructing the molecular genetics behind the PINK1/Parkin axis in Parkinson’s disease using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in response to the compounding effects of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation. Transgenic Drosophila models have been used extensively to decipher the underlying genetic interactions that exacerbate neural health in PD. Autosomal recessive forms of the disease have been linked to mutations in the serine/threonine kinase PINK1(PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase 1) and E3 ligase Parkin, which function in an axis that is conserved in flies. This review aims to probe the current understanding of PD pathogenesis via the PINK1/Parkin axis while underscoring the importance of several molecular and pharmacologic rescues brought to light through studies in Drosophila.
Main body
Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin have been shown to affect the axonal transport of mitochondria within dopaminergic neurons and perturb the balance between mitochondrial fusion/fission resulting in abnormal mitochondrial morphology. As per studies in flies, ectopic expression of Fwd kinase and Atg-1 to promote fission and mitophagy while suppressing fusion via MUL1 E3 ligase may aid to halt mitochondrial aggregation and prolong the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, upregulation of Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone systems (Trap1, CHIP) to target misfolded mitochondrial respiratory complexes may help to preserve their bioenergetic capacity. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species as a consequence of respiratory complex dysfunction or antioxidant enzyme deficiency further escalates neural death by inducing apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Fly studies have reported the induction of canonical Wnt signalling to enhance the activity of transcriptional co-activators (PGC1α, FOXO) which induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Enhancing the clearance of free radicals via uncoupling proteins (UCP4) has also been reported to ameliorate oxidative stress-induced cell death in PINK1/Parkin mutants.
Conclusion
While these novel mechanisms require validation through mammalian studies, they offer several explanations for the factors propagating dopaminergic death as well as promising insights into the therapeutic importance of transgenic fly models in PD.
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Carregosa D, Mota S, Ferreira S, Alves-Dias B, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Crespo CL, Menezes R, Teodoro R, dos Santos CN. Overview of Beneficial Effects of (Poly)phenol Metabolites in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Model Organisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:2940. [PMID: 34578818 PMCID: PMC8464690 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of neurodegenerative diseases in an aging population is an increasing problem of health, social and economic consequences. Epidemiological and intervention studies have demonstrated that diets rich in (poly)phenols can have potent health benefits on cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, the role of gut microbiota is ever more evident in modulating the catabolism of (poly)phenols to dozens of low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites that have been identified in plasma and urine. These metabolites can reach circulation in higher concentrations than parent (poly)phenols and persist for longer periods of time. However, studies addressing their potential brain effects are still lacking. In this review, we will discuss different model organisms that have been used to study how low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites affect neuronal related mechanisms gathering critical insight on their potential to tackle the major hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Carregosa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Sara Mota
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- iBET, Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- CBIOS, University Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Alves-Dias
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carolina Lage Crespo
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Regina Menezes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- iBET, Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- CBIOS, University Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Teodoro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.C.); (S.M.); (S.F.); (B.A.-D.); (N.L.-V.); (C.L.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- iBET, Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Melatonin Increases Life Span, Restores the Locomotor Activity, and Reduces Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) in Transgenic Knockdown Parkin Drosophila melanogaster Exposed to Paraquat or Paraquat/Iron. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1551-1563. [PMID: 34339012 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving impairment of bodily movement caused by the specific destruction of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Mounting evidence suggests that PD might be triggered by an interplay between environmental neurotoxicants (e.g., paraquat, PQ), heavy metals (e.g., iron), and gene alterations (e.g., PARKIN gene). Unfortunately, there are no therapies currently available that protect, slow, delay, or prevent the progression of PD. Melatonin (Mel, N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) is a natural hormone with pleiotropic functions including receptor-independent pathways which might be useful in the treatment of PD. Therefore, as a chemical molecule, it has been shown that Mel prolonged the lifespan and locomotor activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in wild-type Canton-S flies exposed to PQ, suggesting antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. However, it is not yet known whether Mel can protect or prevent the genetic model parkin deficient in flies against oxidative stress (OS) stimuli. Here, we show that Mel (0.5, 1, 3 mM) significantly extends the life span and locomotor activity of TH > parkin-RNAi/ + Drosophila melanogaster flies (> 15 days) compared to untreated flies. Knock-down (K-D) parkin flies treated with PQ (1 mM) or PQ (1 mM)/iron (1 mM) significantly diminished the survival index and climbing abilities (e.g., 50% of flies were dead and locomotor impairment by days 4 and 3, respectively). Remarkably, Mel reverted the noxious effect of PQ or PQ/iron combination in K-D parkin. Indeed, Mel protects TH > parkin-RNAi/ + Drosophila melanogaster flies against PQ- or PQ/iron-induced diminish survival, locomotor impairment, and LPO (e.g., 50% of flies were death and locomotor impairment by days 6 and 9, respectively). Similarly, Mel prevented K-D parkin flies against both PQ and PQ/iron. Taken together, these findings suggest that Mel can be safely used as an antioxidant and neuroprotectant agent against OS-stimuli in selective individuals at risk to suffer early-onset Parkinsonism and PD.
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Physiological Dose of EGCG Attenuates the Health Defects of High Dose by Regulating MEMO-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5546493. [PMID: 34257807 PMCID: PMC8249131 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5546493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
EGCG, as a dietary-derived antioxidant, has been extensively studied for its beneficial health effects. Nevertheless, it induces the transient increase in ROS and leads to the hormetic extension of lifespan. How exactly biology-benefiting effects with the minimum severe adverse are realized remains unclear. Here, we showed that physiological dose of EGCG could help moderate remission in health side effects exposed to high doses, including shortened lifespan, reduced body size, decreased pharyngeal pumping rate, and dysfunctional body movement in C. elegans. Furthermore, we found this result was caused by the physiological dose of EGCG to block the continued ROS accumulation and triggered acclimation responses after stressor removal. Also, in this process, we observed that EGCG downregulated the key redox protein MEMO-1 to activate the feedback loop of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling. Our data indicates that the feedback signal induced by NADPH oxidase may contribute to the health-protective mechanism of dietary polyphenols in vivo.
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11
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Sircar E, Rai SR, Wilson MA, Schlossmacher MG, Sengupta R. Neurodegeneration: Impact of S-nitrosylated Parkin, DJ-1 and PINK1 on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108869. [PMID: 33819447 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorders of increasing global prevalence. It represents the second most common movement disorder after tremor and the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. The incidence rate of idiopathic PD increases steadily with age, however, some variants of autosomal recessive inheritance are present with an early age-at-onset (ARPD). Approximately 50 percent of ARPD cases have been linked to bi-allelic mutations in genes encoding Parkin, DJ-1, and PINK1. Each protein has been implicated in maintaining proper mitochondrial function, which is particularly important for neuronal health. Aberrant post-translational modifications of these proteins may disrupt their cellular functions and thus contributing to the development of idiopathic PD. Some post-translational modifictions can be attributed to the dysregulation of potentially harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen species inside the cell, which promote oxidative and nitrosative stress, respectively. Unlike oxidative modifications, the covalent modification by Nitric Oxide under nitrosative stress, leading to S-nitrosylation of Parkin, DJ-1; and PINK1, is less studied. Here, we review the available literature on S-nitrosylation of these three proteins, their implications in the pathogenesis of PD, and provide an overview of currently known, denitrosylating systems in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Sircar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sristi Raj Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Lovejoy PC, Foley KE, Conti MM, Meadows SM, Bishop C, Fiumera AC. Genetic basis of susceptibility to low-dose paraquat and variation between the sexes in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2040-2053. [PMID: 33710693 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicant resistance is a complex trait, affected both by genetics and the environment. Like most complex traits, it can exhibit sexual dimorphism, yet sex is often overlooked as a factor in studies of toxicant resistance. Paraquat, one such toxicant, is a commonly used herbicide and is known to produce mitochondrial oxidative stress, decrease dopaminergic neurons and dopamine (DA) levels, and decrease motor ability. While the main effects of paraquat are well-characterized, less is known about the naturally occurring variation in paraquat susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to map the genes contributing to low-dose paraquat susceptibility in Drosophila melanogaster, and to determine if susceptibility differs between the sexes. One hundred of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines were scored for susceptibility via climbing ability and used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Variation in seventeen genes in females and thirty-five genes in males associated with paraquat susceptibility. Only two candidate genes overlapped between the sexes despite a significant positive correlation between male and female susceptibilities. Many associated polymorphisms had significant interactions with sex, with most having conditionally neutral effects. Conditional neutrality between the sexes probably stems from sex-biased expression which may result from partial resolution of sexual conflict. Candidate genes were verified with RNAi knockdowns, gene expression analyses, and DA quantification. Several of these genes are novel associations with paraquat susceptibility. This research highlights the importance of assessing both sexes when studying toxicant susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C Lovejoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Department of Biology, St. Joseph's College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kate E Foley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Melissa M Conti
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony C Fiumera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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13
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Ohiomokhare S, Olaolorun F, Ladagu A, Olopade F, Howes MJR, Okello E, Olopade J, Chazot PL. The Pathopharmacological Interplay between Vanadium and Iron in Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6719. [PMID: 32937783 PMCID: PMC7554808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterised by distinct types of cellular defects, notably associated with oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction, leading to the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Exposure to some environmental toxicants and heavy metals has been associated with PD pathogenesis. Raised iron levels have also been consistently observed in the nigrostriatal pathway of PD cases. This study explored, for the first time, the effects of an exogenous environmental heavy metal (vanadium) and its interaction with iron, focusing on the subtoxic effects of these metals on PD-like oxidative stress phenotypes in Catecholaminergic a-differentiated (CAD) cells and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK-1)B9Drosophila melanogaster models of PD. We found that undifferentiated CAD cells were more susceptible to vanadium exposure than differentiated cells, and this susceptibility was modulated by iron. In PINK-1 flies, the exposure to chronic low doses of vanadium exacerbated the existing motor deficits, reduced survival, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both Aloysia citrodora Paláu, a natural iron chelator, and Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFO), a synthetic iron chelator, significantly protected against the PD-like phenotypes in both models. These results favour the case for iron-chelation therapy as a viable option for the symptomatic treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ohiomokhare
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
| | - Francis Olaolorun
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Amany Ladagu
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Funmilayo Olopade
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Melanie-Jayne R. Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK;
| | - Edward Okello
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - James Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Paul L. Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
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14
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Antioxidant Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Drosophila melanogaster. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010052. [PMID: 31936094 PMCID: PMC7023233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role as endogenous mediators in several cellular signalling pathways. However, at high concentrations they can also exert deleterious effects by reacting with many macromolecules including DNA, proteins and lipids. The precise balance between ROS production and their removal via numerous enzymatic and nonenzymatic molecules is of fundamental importance for cell survival. Accordingly, many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), are associated with excessive levels of ROS, which induce oxidative damage. With the aim of coping with the progression of PD, antioxidant compounds are currently receiving increasing attention as potential co-adjuvant molecules in the treatment of these diseases, and many studies have been performed to evaluate the purported protective effects of several antioxidant molecules. In the present review, we present and discuss the relevance of the use of Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model with which to evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural and synthetic antioxidants. The conservation of most of the PD-related genes between humans and D. melanogaster, along with the animal’s rapid life cycle and the versatility of genetic tools, makes fruit flies an ideal experimental system for rapid screening of antioxidant-based treatments.
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15
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Lovejoy PC, Fiumera AC. Effects of Dual Exposure to the Herbicides Atrazine and Paraquat on Adult Climbing Ability and Longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2019; 10:E398. [PMID: 31717666 PMCID: PMC6920984 DOI: 10.3390/insects10110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropomorphic effects are changing the planet, and therefore, organisms are being exposed to many new biotic and abiotic stressors. Exposure to multiple stressors can affect organisms in ways that are different than the sum of their individual effects, and these interactions are often difficult to predict. Atrazine and paraquat are two of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, and are individually known to increase oxidative damage, affect dopaminergic functioning, reduce longevity, and alter motor ability in non-target organisms. We measured the effects of individual and combined exposure to low doses of atrazine and paraquat on climbing ability and longevity of Drosophila melanogaster. Atrazine and paraquat interact to affect D. melanogaster climbing ability and longevity in different ways. Atrazine appeared to have a weak mitigative effect against the decrease in climbing ability caused by paraquat. In contrast, combined exposure to atrazine and paraquat had detrimental synergistic effects on female longevity. Overall, this study shows that atrazine and paraquat can interact and that it is important to measure several traits when assessing the consequences of exposure to multiple stressors. Future studies should continue to assess the impacts of stressor interactions on organisms, as many combinations have never been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony C. Fiumera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
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16
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Zhang Q, Wu Y, Guan Y, Ling F, Li Y, Niu Y. Epigallocatechin gallate prevents senescence by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in WI-38 human embryonic fibroblasts. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26787-26798. [PMID: 35528565 PMCID: PMC9070540 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation are the underlying mechanisms behind the aging process and age-related diseases. The purpose of our research is to explore whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can extend replicative life span by preventing the oxidative stress and inflammatory effects of WI-38 fibroblasts and the involved mechanisms in vitro. WI-38 cells were treated with different concentrations of EGCG (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM) at population doubling (PD) 25. At late-stage cells, we determined the age-associated genes with signaling through transcriptome sequencing. The expression profile of the targets in WI-38 fibroblasts was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, qPCR and western blot. We found that EGCG markedly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammation factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and significantly increased cell proliferation at PD 35 and 45. EGCG treatments significantly decreased p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) expressions, markedly increased p-Rb and E2F2 expressions as well as antioxidant enzymes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and SOD2 content, and obviously decreased the expressions of inflammation factors IL-32, TNF-α expressions at PD 45 WI-38 cells. Moreover, the effects were changed by EGCG treatment by p53 siRNA or overexpression. These findings in our studies reveal that EGCG treatments improved senescence and enhanced the replicative life span through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in WI-38 fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086 China +86 451 87502885 +86 451 87508731
- Department of Public Health College, Kunming Medical University Kunming 650550 China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086 China +86 451 87502885 +86 451 87508731
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086 China +86 451 87502885 +86 451 87508731
| | - Fan Ling
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086 China +86 451 87502885 +86 451 87508731
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086 China +86 451 87502885 +86 451 87508731
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University Harbin 150086 China +86 451 87502885 +86 451 87508731
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17
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Ortega-Arellano HF, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Neuroprotective Effects of Methanolic Extract of Avocado Persea americana (var. Colinred) Peel on Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Impairment, Lipid Peroxidation and Shortage of Life Span in Transgenic knockdown Parkin Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1986-1998. [PMID: 31309393 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, finding new antioxidant sources might be beneficial for its treatment. Avocado Persea americana is a fruit widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. Although avocado by-products in the form of peel, seed coat and seeds are currently of no commercial use, they constitute a natural source of bioactive compounds. Methanolic (80%) extract obtained from lyophilized ground peels, seed coats, and seeds of the avocado Hass, Fuerte, Reed and Colinred varieties were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC) and their correlations with antioxidant capacity (AC) were assessed by ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays. For all varieties, the var. Colinred peel shows the highest TPC and AC. Further analysis showed that the var. Colinred peel presented major phenolic compounds B-type procyanidins and epicatechin according to HPLC-MS. The antioxidant effect of peel extract was evaluated upon in vivo oxidative stress (OS) model. We show for the first time that the peel extract can protect and/or prevent transgenic parkinDrosophila melanogaster fly against paraquat-induced OS, movement impairment and lipid peroxidation, as model of PD. Our findings offer an exceptional opportunity to test natural disease-modifying substances from avocado's by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flavio Ortega-Arellano
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
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18
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Ryskalin L, Polzella M, Frati A, Fornai F. Phytochemicals Bridging Autophagy Induction and Alpha-Synuclein Degradation in Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133274. [PMID: 31277285 PMCID: PMC6651086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among nutraceuticals, phytochemical-rich compounds represent a source of naturally-derived bioactive principles, which are extensively studied for potential beneficial effects in a variety of disorders ranging from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases to cancer and neurodegeneration. In the brain, phytochemicals produce a number of biological effects such as modulation of neurotransmitter activity, growth factor induction, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, stem cell modulation/neurogenesis, regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, and counteracting protein aggregation through modulation of protein-folding chaperones and the cell clearing systems autophagy and proteasome. In particular, the ability of phytochemicals in restoring proteostasis through autophagy induction took center stage in recent research on neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, autophagy dysfunctions and α-syn aggregation represent two interdependent downstream biochemical events, which concur in the parkinsonian brain, and which are targeted by phytochemicals administration. Therefore, in the present review we discuss evidence about the autophagy-based neuroprotective effects of specific phytochemical-rich plants in experimental parkinsonism, with a special focus on their ability to counteract alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity. Although further studies are needed to confirm the autophagy-based effects of some phytochemicals in parkinsonism, the evidence discussed here suggests that rescuing autophagy through natural compounds may play a role in preserving dopamine (DA) neuron integrity by counteracting the aggregation, toxicity, and prion-like spreading of α-syn, which remains a hallmark of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | | | | | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Crespina Lorenzana, 56042 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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19
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Ben Youssef S, Brisson G, Doucet-Beaupré H, Castonguay AM, Gora C, Amri M, Lévesque M. Neuroprotective benefits of grape seed and skin extract in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:197-211. [PMID: 31131731 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1616435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and it involves oxidative stress. Our goal was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Vitis vinifera red grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) in a model of Parkinson's disease. GSSE is very rich in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, catechins and stilbenes, which are present in the pulp, seeds, and leaves of the fruit. GSSE is known for its antioxidant properties and has shown beneficial effects against oxidative injury in different organs, such as the kidneys, liver, heart and brain. In this study, we revealed the neuroprotective effect of GSSE on midbrain dopaminergic neurons both in vitro and in vivo. We used the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which induces oxidative damage and mimics the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons observed in Parkinson's disease. We found that GSSE was effective in protecting dopamine neurons from 6-OHDA toxicity by reducing apoptosis, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. Furthermore, we found that GSSE treatment efficiently protected against neuronal loss and improved motor function in an in vivo 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Altogether, our results show that GSSE acts at multiple levels to protect dopamine neurons from degeneration in a model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ben Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada.,Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Guillaume Brisson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Doucet-Beaupré
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Castonguay
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Gora
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Martin Lévesque
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
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20
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Li XL, Wang YL, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Zhang XF. Inhibiting expression of HSP60 and TLR4 attenuates paraquat-induced microglial inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:179-185. [PMID: 30584891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggest that heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are involved in triggering inflammatory response in microglia. Paraquat (PQ) evokes microglial inflammation by up-regulating expression of HSP60-TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88)-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential modulatory roles of HSP60 and TLR4 in PQ-induced inflammation. Before treated with PQ, microglia BV2 cells were pretreated using siRNA to knockdown HSP60 or with specific inhibitor to inhibit TLR4 expression. Expression of TLR4 and MyD88, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 were studied with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Expression of pro-inflammatory factors was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. Knockdown of HSP60 or inhibition of TLR4 significantly reduced the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 and decreased the accumulation of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus. Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also significantly decreased in response to PQ. These results suggest that HSP60 and TLR4 can modulate intracellular signaling of PQ-induced inflammation. Inhibiting HSP60 or TLR4 reduces significantly the intensity of inflammation in PQ-activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China
| | - Yong-Ling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Public Health Monitoring, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, PR China.
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21
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protects and Prevents Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration in Knockdown dj-1-β Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:401-416. [PMID: 29667128 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyhydroxyphenol constituent of green tea (e.g., Camellia sinensis) with known antioxidant properties. Due to these properties, others have proposed it as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we demonstrated that EGCG prolonged the lifespan and locomotor activity in wild-type Canton-S flies exposed to the neurotoxicant paraquat (PQ), suggesting neuroprotective properties. Both gene mutations and environmental neurotoxicants (e.g., PQ) are factors involved in the development of PD. Thus, the first aim of this study was to create a suitable animal model of PD, which encompasses both of these factors. To create the model, we knocked down dj-1-β function specifically in the dopaminergic neurons to generate TH > dj-1-β-RNAi/+ Drosophila melanogaster flies. Next, we induced neurotoxicity in the transgenic flies with PQ. The second aim of this study was to validate the model by comparing the effects of vehicle, EGCG, and chemicals with known antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in vivo (e.g., propyl gallate and minocycline) on life-span, locomotor activity, lipid peroxidation, and neurodegeneration. The EGCG treatment provided protection and prevention from the PQ-induced reduction in the life-span and locomotor activity and from the PQ-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and neurodegeneration. These effects were augmented in the EGCG-treated flies when compared to the flies treated with either PG or MC. Altogether, these results suggest that the transgenic TH > dj-1-β-RNAi/+ flies treated with PQ serve as a suitable PD model for screening of potential therapeutic agents.
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Rudyk CA, McNeill J, Prowse N, Dwyer Z, Farmer K, Litteljohn D, Caldwell W, Hayley S. Age and Chronicity of Administration Dramatically Influenced the Impact of Low Dose Paraquat Exposure on Behavior and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:222. [PMID: 28769783 PMCID: PMC5509760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the age-dependent and long-term consequences of low exposure levels of the herbicide and dopaminergic toxicant, paraquat. Thus, we assessed the dose-dependent effects of paraquat using a typical short-term (3 week) exposure procedure, followed by an assessment of the effects of chronic (16 weeks) exposure to a very low dose (1/10th of what previously induced dopaminergic neuronal damage). Short term paraquat treatment dose-dependently induced deficits in locomotion, sucrose preference and Y-maze performance. Chronic low dose paraquat treatment had a very different pattern of effects that were also dependent upon the age of the animal: in direct contrast to the short-term effects, chronic low dose paraquat increased sucrose consumption and reduced forced swim test (FST) immobility. Yet these effects were age-dependent, only emerging in mice older than 13 months. Likewise, Y-maze spontaneous alternations and home cage activity were dramatically altered as a function of age and paraquat chronicity. In both the short and long-term exposure studies, increased corticosterone and altered hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were induced by paraquat, but surprisingly these effects were blunted in the older mice. Thus, paraquat clearly acts as a systemic stressor in terms of corticoid signaling and behavioral outcomes, but that paradoxical effects may occur with: (a) repeated exposure at; (b) very low doses; and (c) older age. Collectively, these data raise the possibility that repeated “hits” with low doses of paraquat in combination with aging processes might have promoted compensatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Rudyk
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeill
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Prowse
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Darcy Litteljohn
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Warren Caldwell
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
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23
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Ortega-Arellano HF, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Minocycline protects, rescues and prevents knockdown transgenic parkin Drosophila against paraquat/iron toxicity: Implications for autosomic recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:42-53. [PMID: 28284907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutation in the PARKIN gene, and invariably associated with dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal loss and brain iron accumulation. Since current medical therapy is symptomatic and lacks significant disease-modifying effects, other treatment approaches are urgently needed it. In the present work, we investigate the role of minocycline (MC) in paraquat (PQ)/iron-induced neurotoxicity in the Drosophila TH>parkin-RNAi/+ (w[*]; UAS-parkin-RNAi; TH-GAL4) fly and have shown the following: (i) MC increased life span and restored the locomotor activity of knockdown (KD) transgenic parkin flies in comparison with the control (vehicle) group; (ii) MC at low (0.1 and 0.3mM) and middle (0.5mM) concentrations protected, rescued and prevented KD parkin Drosophila against PQ toxicity. However, MC at high (1mM) concentration aggravated the toxic effect of PQ; (iii) MC protected and rescued DAergic neurons against the PQ toxic effect according to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)>green-fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter protein microscopy and anti-TH Western blotting analysis; (iv) MC protected DAergic neurons against PQ/iron toxicity; (v) MC significantly abridged lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the protection, rescue and prevention treatment in TH>parkin-RNAi/+ flies against PQ or iron alone or combined (PQ/iron)-induced neuronal oxidative stress (OS). Our results suggest that MC exerts neuroprotection against PQ/iron-induced OS in DAergic neurons most probably by the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and by chelating iron. Therefore, MC might be a potential therapeutic drug to delay, revert, or prevent AR-JP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flavio Ortega-Arellano
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
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Wagner AE, Piegholdt S, Rabe D, Baenas N, Schloesser A, Eggersdorfer M, Stocker A, Rimbach G. Epigallocatechin gallate affects glucose metabolism and increases fitness and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30568-78. [PMID: 26375250 PMCID: PMC4741552 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested whether a standardized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) rich green tea extract (comprising > 90% EGCG) affects fitness and lifespan as well as parameters of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Following the application of the green tea extract a significant increase in the mean lifespan (+ 3.3 days) and the 50% survival (+ 4.3 days) as well as improved fitness was detected. These effects went along an increased expression of Spargel, the homolog of mammalian PGC1α, which has been reported to affect lifespan in flies. Intriguingly, in flies, treatment with the green tea extract decreased glucose concentrations, which were accompanied by an inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. Computational docking analysis proved the potential of EGCG to dock into the substrate binding pocket of α-amylase and to a greater extent into α-glucosidase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EGCG downregulates insulin-like peptide 5 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, major regulators of glucose metabolism, as well as the Drosophila homolog of leptin, unpaired 2. We propose that a decrease in glucose metabolism in connection with an upregulated expression of Spargel contribute to the better fitness and the extended lifespan in EGCG-treated flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Piegholdt
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Doerte Rabe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anke Schloesser
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Achim Stocker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Danilov A, Shaposhnikov M, Shevchenko O, Zemskaya N, Zhavoronkov A, Moskalev A. Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Drosophila melanogaster longevity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19428-44. [PMID: 26305987 PMCID: PMC4637296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most age-related diseases and aging itself are associated with chronic inflammation. Thus pharmacological inhibition of inflammatory processes may be effective antiaging strategy. In this study we demonstrated that treatment of Drosophila melanogaster with 10 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs: CAY10404, aspirin, APHS, SC-560, NS-398, SC-58125, valeroyl salicylate, trans-resveratrol, valdecoxib, licofelone) leads to extension of lifespan, delays age-dependent decline of locomotor activity and increases stress resistance. The effect of the lifespan increase was associated with decrease of fecundity. Depending on the concentration, NSAIDs demonstrated both anti- and pro-oxidant properties in Drosophila tissues. However, we failed to identify clear correlation between antioxidant properties of NSAIDs and their pro-longevity effects. The lifespan extending effects of APHS, SC-58125, valeroyl salicylate, trans-resveratrol, valdecoxib, and licofelone were more pronounced in males, valdecoxib and aspirin - in females. We demonstrated that lifespan extension effect of NSAIDs was abolished in flies with defective genes involved in Pkh2-ypk1-lem3-tat2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Danilov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Oksana Shevchenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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26
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Differential interaction between iron and mutant alpha-synuclein causes distinctive Parkinsonian phenotypes in Drosophila. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:518-525. [PMID: 26769358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation is the central hallmark of both sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients with different PD-causing genetic defects of alpha-synuclein usually show distinctive clinical features that are atypical to sporadic PD. Iron accumulation is invariably found in PD. Recent studies showed that mutant and wild-type alpha-synuclein may have differential interaction with iron and mutant alpha-synuclein toxicity could be preferentially exacerbated by iron. We hence hypothesized that iron overload could selectively influence mutant alpha-synuclein toxicity and disease phenotypes. To test the hypothesis, we investigated if Drosophila melanogaster over-expressing A53T, A30P, and wild-type (WT) alpha-synuclein have different responses to iron treatment. We showed that iron treatment induced similar reduction of survival rate in all flies but induced a more severe motor decline in A53T and A30P mutant alpha-synuclein expressing flies, suggesting interaction between mutant alpha-synuclein and iron. Although no significant difference in total head iron content was found among these flies, we demonstrated that iron treatment induced selective DA neuron loss in motor-related PPM3 cluster only in the flies that express A53T and A30P mutant alpha-synuclein. We provided the first in vivo evidence that iron overload could induce distinctive neuropathology and disease phenotypes in mutant but not WT alpha-synuclein expressing flies, providing insights to the cause of clinical features selectively exhibited by mutant alpha-synuclein carriers.
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27
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Tyne W, Little S, Spurgeon DJ, Svendsen C. Hormesis depends upon the life-stage and duration of exposure: Examples for a pesticide and a nanomaterial. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:117-23. [PMID: 26057078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tests to assess toxic effects on the reproduction of adult C. elegans after 72h exposure for two chemicals, (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)), also known as diuron, and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) indicated potential, although not significant hormesis. Follow up toxicity tests comparing the potential hormesis concentrations with controls at high replication confirmed that the stimulatory effect was repeatable and also statistically significant within the test. To understand the relevance of the hormesis effects for overall population fitness, full life-cycle toxicity tests were conducted for each chemical. When nematodes were exposed to DCMU over the full life-span, the hormesis effect for reproduction seen in short-term tests was no longer evident. Further at the putative hormesis concentrations, a negative effect of DCMU on time to maturation was also seen. For the Ag NPs, the EC50 for effects on reproduction in the life-cycle exposure was substantially lower than in the short-term test, the EC50s estimated by a three parameter log logistic model being 2.9mg/L and 0.75mg/L, respectively. This suggests that the level of toxicity for Ag NPs for C. elegans reproduction is dependant on the life stage exposed and possibly the duration of the exposure. Further, in the longer duration exposures, hormesis effects on reproduction seen in the short-term exposures were no longer apparent. Instead, all concentrations reduced both overall brood size and life-span. These results for both chemicals suggest that the hormesis observed for a single endpoint in short-term exposure may be the result of a temporary reallocation of resources between traits that are not sustained over the full life-time. Such reallocation is consistent with energy budget theories for organisms subject to toxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tyne
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Simon Little
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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28
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Carvalho C, Correia SC, Cardoso S, Plácido AI, Candeias E, Duarte AI, Moreira PI. The role of mitochondrial disturbances in Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:867-84. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1058160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Overexpression of hsp27 Rescued Neuronal Cell Death and Reduction in Life- and Health-Span in Drosophila melanogaster Against Prolonged Exposure to Dichlorvos. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3179-3193. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Pandey A, Khatoon R, Saini S, Vimal D, Patel DK, Narayan G, Chowdhuri DK. Efficacy of methuselah gene mutation toward tolerance of dichlorvos exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:54-65. [PMID: 25746179 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse reports on the exposure of organisms to dichlorvos (DDVP; an organophosphate insecticide) necessitate studies of organismal resistance/tolerance by way of pharmacological or genetic means. In the context of genetic modulation, a mutation in methuselah (mth; encodes a class II G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)) is reported to extend (~35%) the life span of Drosophila melanogaster and enhance their resistance to oxidative stress induced by paraquat exposure (short term, high level). A lack of studies on organismal tolerance of DDVP by genetic modulation prompted us to examine the protective efficacy of mth mutation in exposed Drosophila. Flies were exposed to 1.5 and 15.0 ng/ml DDVP for 12-48 h to examine oxidative stress endpoints and chemical resistance. After prolonged exposure of flies to DDVP, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress, glutathione content, and locomotor performance were assayed at various days (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50) of age. Flies with the mth mutation (mth(1)) showed improved chemical resistance and rescued redox impairment after acute DDVP exposure. Exposed mth(1) flies exhibited improved life span along with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and rescued oxidative perturbations and locomotor insufficiency up to middle age (~20 days) over similarly exposed w(1118) flies. However, at late (≥30 days) age, these benefits were undermined. Further, similarly exposed mth-knockdown flies showed effects similar to those observed in mth(1) flies. This study provides evidence of tolerance in organisms carrying a mth mutation against prolonged DDVP exposure and further warrants examination of similar class II GPCR signaling facets toward better organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rehana Khatoon
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Vimal
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India; Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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31
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Jahromi SR, Haddadi M, Shivanandappa T, Ramesh SR. Attenuation of neuromotor deficits by natural antioxidants of Decalepis hamiltonii in transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 293:136-50. [PMID: 25754960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to be a major factor for the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we have investigated oxidative status in transgenic Drosophila model of PD. Our results revealed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in A30P and A53T α-synuclein PD model flies compared to control. We have demonstrated for the first time the ameliorating potential of natural antioxidants characterized from the roots of Dh in A30P and A53T α-synuclein PD model flies. Feeding of transgenic flies with aqueous Dh root extract for 21 days significantly improved their climbing ability and circadian rhythm of locomotor activity which was associated with reduction in levels of ROS and LPO and enhancement in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Dh protected against paraquat (PQ) sensitivity in α-synuclein transgenic flies and delayed the onset of PD-like symptoms which appears to be mediated by suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Jahromi
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - M Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - T Shivanandappa
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Ramesh
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India.
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32
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Martin CA, Barajas A, Lawless G, Lawal HO, Assani K, Lumintang YP, Nunez V, Krantz DE. Synergistic effects on dopamine cell death in a Drosophila model of chronic toxin exposure. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:344-51. [PMID: 25160001 PMCID: PMC4264678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) are marked by a selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to the pesticide paraquat may increase the risk for PD and DA cell loss. However, combined exposure with additional fungicide(s) including maneb and/or ziram may be required for pathogenesis. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms, we have developed a Drosophila model of chronic paraquat exposure. We find that while chronic paraquat exposure alone decreased organismal survival and motor function, combined chronic exposure to both paraquat and maneb was required for DA cell death in the fly. To initiate mechanistic studies of this interaction, we used additional genetic reagents to target the ubiquitin proteasome system, which has been implicated in some rare familial forms of PD and the toxic effects of ziram. Genetic inhibition of E1 ubiquitin ligase, but not the proteasome itself, increased DA cell death in combination with maneb but not paraquat. These studies establish a model for long-term exposure to multiple pesticides, and support the idea that pesticide interactions relevant to PD may involve inhibition of protein ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara A Martin
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Angel Barajas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - George Lawless
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Hakeem O Lawal
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Khadij Assani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Yosephine P Lumintang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Vanessa Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - David E Krantz
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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33
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Danilov A, Shaposhnikov M, Plyusnina E, Kogan V, Fedichev P, Moskalev A. Selective anticancer agents suppress aging in Drosophila. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1507-26. [PMID: 24096697 PMCID: PMC3824538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the PI3K, TOR, iNOS, and NF-κB genes increase lifespan of model organisms and reduce the risk of some aging-associated diseases. We studied the effects of inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin), TOR (rapamycin), iNOS (1400W), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamate and QNZ), and the combined effects of inhibitors: PI3K (wortmannin) and TOR (rapamycin), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamates) and PI3K (wortmannin), NF-κB (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamates) and TOR (rapamycin) on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and quality of life (locomotor activity and fertility). Our data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, TOR, NF-κB, and iNOS increases lifespan of Drosophila without decreasing quality of life. The greatest lifespan expanding effect was achieved by a combination of rapamycin (5 μM) and wortmannin (5 μM) (by 23.4%). The bioinformatic analysis (KEGG, REACTOME.PATH, DOLite, and GO.BP) showed the greatest aging-suppressor activity of rapamycin, consistent with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Danilov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
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Mao L, Franke J. Hormesis in aging and neurodegeneration-a prodigy awaiting dissection. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13109-28. [PMID: 23799363 PMCID: PMC3742177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis describes the drug action of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. The hormesis phenomenon has been observed in a wide range of biological systems. Although known in its descriptive context, the underlying mode-of-action of hormesis is largely unexplored. Recently, the hormesis concept has been receiving increasing attention in the field of aging research. It has been proposed that within a certain concentration window, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) could act as major mediators of anti-aging and neuroprotective processes. Such hormetic phenomena could have potential therapeutic applications, if properly employed. Here, we review the current theories of hormetic phenomena in regard to aging and neurodegeneration, with the focus on its underlying mechanism. Facilitated by a simple mathematical model, we show for the first time that ROS-mediated hormesis can be explained by the addition of different biomolecular reactions including oxidative damage, MAPK signaling and autophagy stimulation. Due to their divergent scales, the optimal hormetic window is sensitive to each kinetic parameter, which may vary between individuals. Therefore, therapeutic utilization of hormesis requires quantitative characterizations in order to access the optimal hormetic window for each individual. This calls for a personalized medicine approach for a longer human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mao
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, Berlin 12459, Germany; E-Mail:
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenbruger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-30-5019-3616; Fax: +49-30-5019-3648
| | - Jacqueline Franke
- Department of Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, Berlin 12459, Germany; E-Mail:
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35
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Mandilaras K, Pathmanathan T, Missirlis F. Iron absorption in Drosophila melanogaster. Nutrients 2013; 5:1622-47. [PMID: 23686013 PMCID: PMC3708341 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The way in which Drosophila melanogaster acquires iron from the diet remains poorly understood despite iron absorption being of vital significance for larval growth. To describe the process of organismal iron absorption, consideration needs to be given to cellular iron import, storage, export and how intestinal epithelial cells sense and respond to iron availability. Here we review studies on the Divalent Metal Transporter-1 homolog Malvolio (iron import), the recent discovery that Multicopper Oxidase-1 has ferroxidase activity (iron export) and the role of ferritin in the process of iron acquisition (iron storage). We also describe what is known about iron regulation in insect cells. We then draw upon knowledge from mammalian iron homeostasis to identify candidate genes in flies. Questions arise from the lack of conservation in Drosophila for key mammalian players, such as ferroportin, hepcidin and all the components of the hemochromatosis-related pathway. Drosophila and other insects also lack erythropoiesis. Thus, systemic iron regulation is likely to be conveyed by different signaling pathways and tissue requirements. The significance of regulating intestinal iron uptake is inferred from reports linking Drosophila developmental, immune, heat-shock and behavioral responses to iron sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mandilaras
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Tharse Pathmanathan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN, IPN Avenue 2508, Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV-IPN, IPN Avenue 2508, Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-3963; Fax: +52-55-5747-5713
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Abstract
AbstractAbnormal protein folding and self-assembly causes over 30 cureless human diseases for which no disease-modifying therapies are available. The common side to all these diseases is formation of aberrant toxic protein oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Both types of assemblies are drug targets, yet each presents major challenges to drug design, discovery, and development. In this review, we focus on two small molecules that inhibit formation of toxic amyloid protein assemblies — the green-tea derivative (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which was identified through a combination of epidemiologic data and a compound library screen, and the molecular tweezer CLR01, whose inhibitory activity was discovered in our group based on rational reasoning, and subsequently confirmed experimentally. Both compounds act in a manner that is not specific to one particular protein and thus are useful against a multitude of amyloidogenic proteins, yet they act via distinct putative mechanisms. CLR01 disrupts protein aggregation through specific binding to lysine residues, whereas the mechanisms underlying the activity of EGCG are only recently beginning to unveil. We discuss current in vitro and, where available, in vivo literature related to EGCG and CLR01’s effects on amyloid β-protein, α-synuclein, transthyretin, islet amyloid polypeptide, and calcitonin. We also describe the toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action of each compound.
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