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Washington J, Ritch R, Liu Y. Homocysteine and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10790. [PMID: 37445966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), a non-proteinogenic amino acid, may lead to a host of manifestations across the biological systems, particularly the nervous system. Defects in Hcy metabolism have been associated with many neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma, i.e., the leading cause of blindness. However, the pathophysiology of elevated Hcy and its eligibility as a risk factor for glaucoma remain unclear. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between elevated Hcy levels and glaucoma. Through a systemic search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we found that elevated Hcy might play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Further research will be necessary to help clarify the specific contribution of elevated Hcy in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. A discovery and conceptual understanding of Hcy-associated glaucoma could be the keys to providing better therapeutic treatment, if not prophylactic treatment, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Washington
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert Ritch
- New York Eye & Ear Infirmary, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, 4 Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. rs1800795 single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL6 gene and Glaucoma: Correspondence. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022; 97:719. [PMID: 36470598 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - V Wiwanitkit
- Adjunct Professor, Joseph Ayobaalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Nigeria; Honorary Professor, Dr. DY Patil University, Pune, India; Visiting Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Serbia; Distinguished Professor, Parasitic Disease Research Center, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Yang YM, Liu YP, Li DY, Yu M, Gong B, Wang L, Shuai P. Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with primary open angle glaucoma: a Meta-analysis based on 18 case-control studies. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:896-902. [PMID: 34150546 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.06.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To systematically understand the genetic association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS A comprehensive literature search in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Citation Index, Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Databases was performed to collect all eligible studies up to August 2019. Study selection, data abstraction and study quality evaluation were performed by two independent investigators. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association. RESULTS Eighteen case-control studies including 2156 cases and 2201 controls were identified. There was no significant difference in the terms of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and POAG in the Caucasian population (for T vs C OR=1.11, 95%CI: 0.88 to 1.39; for TT vs CC OR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.76 to 1.36; for TT+TC vs CC OR=1.15, 95%CI: 0.84 to 1.58 and for TT vs TC+CC OR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.78 to 1.33). However, a significant effect was revealed in the Asian population (for T vs C OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.12 to 1.59; for TT+TC vs CC OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.14 to 1.76). CONCLUSION Based on 18 eligible studies, we provide a correlation between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and POAG among the Asians subgroup indicating that the T allele or TT +TC genotype may play a critical role in POAG development in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Yang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong-Yu Li
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Gong
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China
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Association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism with primary glaucoma in Saudi population. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:156. [PMID: 27585654 PMCID: PMC5009653 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a critical enzyme in folate metabolism is involved in DNA synthesis, DNA repair and DNA methylation. The functional polymorphism of MTHFR gene, C677T has been shown to impact various diseases and implicated as a risk factor for the development of various neurodegenerative disorders including glaucoma. Methods We investigated MTHFR C677T genotypes and alleles frequencies in primary glaucoma [primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)] patients and matched healthy controls in a case-control study. Two hundred ten primary glaucoma cases were studied for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and compared with 280 controls taken from the healthy population, employing the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). The MTHFR gene was amplified using specific primers. The PCR products (294 bp) was subsequently digested with HinfI (New England Biolabs) at 37 °C for 12 h, separated by electrophoresis on 2 % agarose gels, and visualized with ethidium bromide staining. The restriction digestion yielded 168 and 126 bp fragments for TT, 294, 168 and 126 bp fragments for CT and undigested PCR product 294 bp indicating CC genotype. Results We found the frequency of the genotypes and alleles of MTHFR C677T differ significantly between cases and controls. The frequencies of allele T and genotype CT were significantly higher while the frequencies of allele C and genotype CC were lower in primary glaucoma patients as compared to controls (p <0.05). Upon stratification of our results into POAG and PACG, significantly higher frequencies of allele T (19.44 %) and genotype CT (38.89 %) were found in POAG patients compared to controls (12.5 % and 25 % respectively). The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were almost similar in PACG and controls (p = 0.8). Conclusion This study indicates that the allele T and genotype CT of MTHFR C677T polymorphism are significantly associated with POAG while allele C and CC genotype may be protective for it. We conclude that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism increases the risk for POAG development in Saudi population and can be a genetic marker however, further studies are needed with multiple-ethnic populations affected with POAG to strengthen these findings.
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Gupta S, Bhaskar PK, Bhardwaj R, Chandra A, Chaudhry VN, Chaudhry P, Ali A, Mukherjee A, Mutsuddi M. MTHFR C677T predisposes to POAG but not to PACG in a North Indian population: a case control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103063. [PMID: 25054348 PMCID: PMC4108368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by the C677T genetic variant in MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) has been implicated in neuronal cell death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which is a characteristic feature of glaucoma. However, association of MTHFR C677T with glaucoma has been controversial because of inconsistent results across association studies. Association between MTHFR C677T and glaucoma has not been reported in Indian population. Therefore, with a focus on neurodegenerative death of RGC in glaucoma, the current study aimed to investigate association of MTHFR C677T with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) in a North Indian population. A total of 404 participants (231 patients and 173 controls) were included in this study. Genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. A few random samples were also tested by direct sequencing. Genotypic and allelic distributions of the POAG and PACG cohorts were compared to that of controls by chi-square test and odds ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals. Genotypic and allelic distributions between POAG cases and controls were significantly different (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01 respectively). Unlike POAG, we did not find significant difference in the genotypic and allelic distributions of C677T between PACG cases and controls (p>0.05). We also observed a higher proportion of TT associated POAG in females than that in males. However, this is a preliminary indication of gender specific risk of C677T that needs to be replicated in a larger cohort of males and females. The present investigation on MTHFR C677T and glaucoma reveals that the TT genotype and T allele of this polymorphism are significant risk factors for POAG but not for PACG in North Indian population. Ours is the first report demonstrating association of MTHFR C677T with POAG but not PACG in individuals from North India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Bhaskar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ritu Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | | | - Akhtar Ali
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- * E-mail:
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Benton MC, Lea RA, Macartney-Coxson D, Carless MA, Göring HH, Bellis C, Hanna M, Eccles D, Chambers GK, Curran JE, Harper JL, Blangero J, Griffiths LR. Mapping eQTLs in the Norfolk Island genetic isolate identifies candidate genes for CVD risk traits. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:1087-99. [PMID: 24314549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects millions of people worldwide and is influenced by numerous factors, including lifestyle and genetics. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) influence gene expression and are good candidates for CVD risk. Founder-effect pedigrees can provide additional power to map genes associated with disease risk. Therefore, we identified eQTLs in the genetic isolate of Norfolk Island (NI) and tested for associations between these and CVD risk factors. We measured genome-wide transcript levels of blood lymphocytes in 330 individuals and used pedigree-based heritability analysis to identify heritable transcripts. eQTLs were identified by genome-wide association testing of these transcripts. Testing for association between CVD risk factors (i.e., blood lipids, blood pressure, and body fat indices) and eQTLs revealed 1,712 heritable transcripts (p < 0.05) with heritability values ranging from 0.18 to 0.84. From these, we identified 200 cis-acting and 70 trans-acting eQTLs (p < 1.84 × 10(-7)) An eQTL-centric analysis of CVD risk traits revealed multiple associations, including 12 previously associated with CVD-related traits. Trait versus eQTL regression modeling identified four CVD risk candidates (NAAA, PAPSS1, NME1, and PRDX1), all of which have known biological roles in disease. In addition, we implicated several genes previously associated with CVD risk traits, including MTHFR and FN3KRP. We have successfully identified a panel of eQTLs in the NI pedigree and used this to implicate several genes in CVD risk. Future studies are required for further assessing the functional importance of these eQTLs and whether the findings here also relate to outbred populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles C Benton
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
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