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Nelson AL, Fontana G, Chubb L, Choe J, Williams K, Regan D, Huard J, Murphy W, Ehrhart N, Bahney C. Mineral coated microparticles doped with fluoride and complexed with mRNA prolong transfection in fracture healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1295313. [PMID: 38264578 PMCID: PMC10803474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1295313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Impaired fracture healing, specifically non-union, has been found to occur up to 14% in tibial shaft fractures. The current standard of care to treat non-union often requires additional surgeries which can result in long recovery times. Injectable-based therapies to accelerate fracture healing have the potential to mitigate the need for additional surgeries. Gene therapies have recently undergone significant advancements due to developments in nanotechnology, which improve mRNA stability while reducing immunogenicity. Methods: In this study, we tested the efficacy of mineral coated microparticles (MCM) and fluoride-doped MCM (FMCM) to effectively deliver firefly luciferase (FLuc) mRNA lipoplexes (LPX) to the fracture site. Here, adult mice underwent a tibia fracture and stabilization method and all treatments were locally injected into the fracture. Level of osteogenesis and amount of bone formation were assessed using gene expression and histomorphometry respectively. Localized and systemic inflammation were measured through gene expression, histopathology scoring and measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum. Lastly, daily IVIS images were taken to track and measure transfection over time. Results: MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc were not found to cause any cytotoxic effects when tested in vitro. When measuring the osteogenic potential of each mineral composition, FMCM-LPX-FLuc trended higher in osteogenic markers through qRT-PCR than the other groups tested in a murine fracture and stabilization model. Despite FMCM-LPX-FLuc showing slightly elevated il-1β and il-4 levels in the fracture callus, inflammation scoring of the fracture callus did not result in any differences. Additionally, an acute systemic inflammatory response was not observed in any of the samples tested. The concentration of MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc that was used in the murine fracture model did not stimulate bone when analyzed through stereological principles. Transfection efficacy and kinetics of delivery platforms revealed that FMCM-LPX-FLuc prolongs the luciferase signal both in vitro and in vivo. Discussion: These data together reveal that FMCM-LPX-FLuc could serve as a promising mRNA delivery platform for fracture healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Nelson
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Josh Choe
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dan Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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2
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Sharma T, Kumar R, Mukherjee S. Neuronal Vulnerability to Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Approaches. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:715-730. [PMID: 37185323 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230426155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the crucial threat it poses, currently, no specific therapy exists that can completely reverse or halt the progression of the disease. Parkinson's disease pathology is driven by neurodegeneration caused by the intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Parkinson's disease is a multiorgan disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the autonomic nervous system. A bidirectional route of spreading α-syn from the gut to CNS through the vagus nerve and vice versa has also been reported. Despite our understanding of the molecular and pathophysiological aspects of Parkinson's disease, many questions remain unanswered regarding the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations, the neuromodulatory role of the locus coeruleus, and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This review article aims to describe the probable factors that contribute to selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease, such as genetic predisposition, bioenergetics, and the physiology of neurons, as well as the interplay of environmental and exogenous modulators. This review also highlights various therapeutic strategies with cell transplants, through viral gene delivery, by targeting α-synuclein and aquaporin protein or epidermal growth factor receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The application of regenerative medicine and patient-specific personalized approaches have also been explored as promising strategies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Uchiyama T, Kawai T, Nakabayashi K, Nakazawa Y, Goto F, Okamura K, Nishimura T, Kato K, Watanabe N, Miura A, Yasuda T, Ando Y, Minegishi T, Edasawa K, Shimura M, Akiba Y, Sato-Otsubo A, Mizukami T, Kato M, Akashi K, Nunoi H, Onodera M. Myelodysplasia after clonal hematopoiesis with APOBEC3-mediated CYBB inactivation in retroviral gene therapy for X-CGD. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3424-3440. [PMID: 37705244 PMCID: PMC10727956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell gene therapy using the MFGS-gp91phox retroviral vector was performed on a 27-year-old patient with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) in 2014. The patient's refractory infections were resolved, whereas the oxidase-positive neutrophils disappeared within 6 months. Thirty-two months after gene therapy, the patient developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and vector integration into the MECOM locus was identified in blast cells. The vector integration into MECOM was detectable in most myeloid cells at 12 months after gene therapy. However, the patient exhibited normal hematopoiesis until the onset of MDS, suggesting that MECOM transactivation contributed to clonal hematopoiesis, and the blast transformation likely arose after the acquisition of additional genetic lesions. In whole-genome sequencing, the biallelic loss of the WT1 tumor suppressor gene, which occurred immediately before tumorigenesis, was identified as a potential candidate genetic alteration. The provirus CYBB cDNA in the blasts contained 108 G-to-A mutations exclusively in the coding strand, suggesting the occurrence of APOBEC3-mediated hypermutations during the transduction of CD34-positive cells. A hypermutation-mediated loss of oxidase activity may have facilitated the survival and proliferation of the clone with MECOM transactivation. Our data provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying the development of leukemia in X-CGD gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshinao Kawai
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakazawa
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Goto
- Division of Immunology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoki Nishimura
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Miura
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Yasuda
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ando
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minegishi
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Edasawa
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marika Shimura
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Akiba
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Sato-Otsubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mizukami
- Department of Pediatrics, NHO Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nunoi
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Onodera
- Department of Human Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Justiz-Vaillant AA, Williams-Persad AFA, Arozarena-Fundora R, Gopaul D, Soodeen S, Asin-Milan O, Thompson R, Unakal C, Akpaka PE. Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2233. [PMID: 37764077 PMCID: PMC10534792 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a defect in the phagocytic function of the innate immune system owing to mutations in genes encoding the five subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH) oxidase enzyme complex. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive approach to the pathogens associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and its management. Patients with CGD, often children, have recurrent life-threatening infections and may develop infectious or inflammatory complications. The most common microorganisms observed in the patients with CGD are Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Nocardia spp., Burkholderia spp., Serratia spp., and Salmonella spp. Antibacterial prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, antifungal prophylaxis usually with itraconazole, and interferon gamma immunotherapy have been successfully used in reducing infection in CGD. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) have been successfully proven to be the treatment of choice in patients with CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (A.F.-A.W.-P.); (S.S.); (R.T.); (C.U.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (A.F.-A.W.-P.); (S.S.); (R.T.); (C.U.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago;
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Darren Gopaul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Port of Spain General Hospital, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Sachin Soodeen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (A.F.-A.W.-P.); (S.S.); (R.T.); (C.U.); (P.E.A.)
| | | | - Reinand Thompson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (A.F.-A.W.-P.); (S.S.); (R.T.); (C.U.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Chandrashekhar Unakal
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (A.F.-A.W.-P.); (S.S.); (R.T.); (C.U.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Patrick Eberechi Akpaka
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; (A.F.-A.W.-P.); (S.S.); (R.T.); (C.U.); (P.E.A.)
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago;
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5
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Hadiloo K, Tahmasebi S, Esmaeilzadeh A. CAR-NKT cell therapy: a new promising paradigm of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:86. [PMID: 37158883 PMCID: PMC10165596 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, cancer treatment is one of the fundamental problems facing clinicians and researchers worldwide. Efforts to find an excellent way to treat this illness continue, and new therapeutic strategies are developed quickly. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a practical approach that has been emerged to improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients. In the ACT, one of the best ways to arm the immune cells against tumors is by employing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) via genetic engineering. CAR equips cells to target specific antigens on tumor cells and selectively eradicate them. Researchers have achieved promising preclinical and clinical outcomes with different cells by using CARs. One of the potent immune cells that seems to be a good candidate for CAR-immune cell therapy is the Natural Killer-T (NKT) cell. NKT cells have multiple features that make them potent cells against tumors and would be a powerful replacement for T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. NKT cells are cytotoxic immune cells with various capabilities and no notable side effects on normal cells. The current study aimed to comprehensively provide the latest advances in CAR-NKT cell therapy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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6
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Colunga-Saucedo M, Rubio-Hernandez EI, Coronado-Ipiña MA, Rosales-Mendoza S, Castillo CG, Comas-Garcia M. Construction of a Chikungunya Virus, Replicon, and Helper Plasmids for Transfection of Mammalian Cells. Viruses 2022; 15:132. [PMID: 36680173 PMCID: PMC9864538 DOI: 10.3390/v15010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Alphaviruses can be modified to produce self-replicating RNAs and virus-like particles, which are useful virological tools. In this work, we generated three plasmids for the transfection of mammalian cells: an infectious clone of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), one that codes for the structural proteins (helper plasmid), and another one that codes nonstructural proteins (replicon plasmid). All of these plasmids contain a reporter gene (mKate2). The reporter gene in the replicon RNA and the infectious clone are synthesized from subgenomic RNA. Co-transfection with the helper and replicon plasmids has biotechnological/biomedical applications because they allow for the delivery of self-replicating RNA for the transient expression of one or more genes to the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Colunga-Saucedo
- Sección de Genómica Médica, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Edson I. Rubio-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Humanas, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Coronado-Ipiña
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Claudia G. Castillo
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Humanas, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Comas-Garcia
- Sección de Genómica Médica, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78295, Mexico
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7
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Nelson AL, Fontana G, Miclau E, Rongstad M, Murphy W, Huard J, Ehrhart N, Bahney C. Therapeutic approaches to activate the canonical Wnt pathway for bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:961-976. [PMID: 36112528 PMCID: PMC9826348 DOI: 10.1002/term.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the canonical Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathway has been shown to increase bone formation and therefore has therapeutic potential for use in orthopedic conditions. However, attempts at developing an effective strategy to achieve Wnt activation has been met with several challenges. The inherent hydrophobicity of Wnt ligands makes isolating and purifying the protein difficult. To circumvent these challenges, many have sought to target extracellular inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, such as Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1, or to use small molecules, ions and proteins to increase target Wnt genes. Here, we review systemic and localized bioactive approaches to enhance bone formation or improve bone repair through antibody-based therapeutics, synthetic Wnt surrogates and scaffold doping to target canonical Wnt. We conclude with a brief review of emerging technologies, such as mRNA therapy and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology, which serve as promising approaches for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Nelson
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA,School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - GianLuca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Elizabeth Miclau
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA
| | - Mallory Rongstad
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA,Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA,Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA,School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA,Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA,Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Ahmed A, Lippner E, Khanolkar A. Clinical Aspects of B Cell Immunodeficiencies: The Past, the Present and the Future. Cells 2022; 11:3353. [PMID: 36359748 PMCID: PMC9654110 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells and antibodies are indispensable for host immunity. Our understanding of the mechanistic processes that underpin how B cells operate has left an indelible mark on the field of clinical pathology, and recently has also dramatically reshaped the therapeutic landscape of diseases that were once considered incurable. Evaluating patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID)/inborn errors of immunity (IEI) that primarily affect B cells, offers us an opportunity to further our understanding of how B cells develop, mature, function and, in certain instances, cause further disease. In this review we provide a brief compendium of IEI that principally affect B cells at defined stages of their developmental pathway, and also attempt to offer some educated viewpoints on how the management of these disorders could evolve over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ahmed
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lippner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aaruni Khanolkar
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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9
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Sachdeva V, Monga A, Vashisht R, Singh D, Singh A, Bedi N. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: The precise strategy for targeted delivery of genes, oligonucleotides and peptides in cancer therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Horgan C, Jones SA, Bigger BW, Wynn R. Current and Future Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type II: Is Brain-Targeted Stem Cell Gene Therapy the Solution for This Devastating Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4854. [PMID: 35563245 PMCID: PMC9105950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter Syndrome) is a rare, x-linked recessive, progressive, multi-system, lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to the pathological storage of glycosaminoglycans in nearly all cell types, tissues and organs. The condition is clinically heterogeneous, and most patients present with a progressive, multi-system disease in their early years. This article outlines the pathology of the disorder and current treatment strategies, including a detailed review of haematopoietic stem cell transplant outcomes for MPSII. We then discuss haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and how this can be employed for treatment of the disorder. We consider how preclinical innovations, including novel brain-targeted techniques, can be incorporated into stem cell gene therapy approaches to mitigate the neuropathological consequences of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Horgan
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Simon A. Jones
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neuropathies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Robert Wynn
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
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Application of bioengineered elastin-like polypeptide-based system for targeted gene delivery in tumor cells. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 6:100050. [PMID: 36824163 PMCID: PMC9934475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful gene delivery depends on the entry of negatively charged DNAs and oligonucleotides across the various barriers of the tumor cells and localization into the nucleus for its transcription and protein translation. Here, we have reported a thermal responsive self-assemble and highly biocompatible, targeted ELP-based gene delivery system. These systems consist of cell-penetrating peptides, Tat and single or multiple repeats of IL-4 receptor targeting peptide AP-1 along the backbone of ELP. Cell-penetrating peptides were introduced for nuclear localization of genes of interest, AP-1 for targeting IL-4R highly expressed tumor cells and ELP for stable condensation favoring protection of nucleic acids. The designed multidomain fusion ELPs referred to as Tat-ELP, Tat-A1E28 and Tat-A4V48 were employed to generate formulation with pEGFP-N1. Profound formulation of stable complexes occurred at different molar ratios owing to electrostatic interactions of positively charged amino acids in polymers with negatively charged nucleic acids. Among the complexes, Tat-A4V48 containing four copies of AP-1 showed maximum complexation with pEGFP-N1 in lower molar ratio. The polymer-pEGFP complexes were further analyzed for its transfection efficiency in different cancer cell lines. Both the targeted polymers, Tat-A4V48 and Tat-A1E28 upon transfection displayed significant EGFP-expression with low toxicity in different cancer cells. Therefore, both Tat-A4V48 and Tat-A1E28 can be considered as novel transfection system for successful gene delivery with therapeutic applications.
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12
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Baron Y, Sens J, Lange L, Nassauer L, Klatt D, Hoffmann D, Kleppa MJ, Barbosa PV, Keisker M, Steinberg V, Suerth JD, Vondran FW, Meyer J, Morgan M, Schambach A, Galla M. Improved alpharetrovirus-based Gag.MS2 particles for efficient and transient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 into target cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:810-823. [PMID: 35141043 PMCID: PMC8801357 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-modifying technologies, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, are promising tools in the field of gene and cell therapies. However, high and prolonged expression of DNA-modifying enzymes may cause cytotoxic and genotoxic side effects and is therefore unwanted in therapeutic approaches. Consequently, development of new and potent short-term delivery methods is of utmost importance. Recently, we developed non-integrating gammaretrovirus- and MS2 bacteriophage-based Gag.MS2 (g.Gag.MS2) particles for transient transfer of non-retroviral CRISPR-Cas9 RNA into target cells. In the present study, we further improved the technique by transferring the system to the alpharetroviral vector platform (a.Gag.MS2), which significantly increased CRISPR-Cas9 delivery into target cells and allowed efficient targeted knockout of endogenous TP53/Trp53 genes in primary murine fibroblasts as well as primary human fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and cord-blood-derived CD34+ stem and progenitor cells. Strikingly, co-packaging of Cas9 mRNA and multiple single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) into a.Gag.MS2 chimera displayed efficient targeted knockout of up to three genes. Co-transfection of single-stranded DNA donor oligonucleotides during CRISPR-Cas9 particle production generated all-in-one particles, which mediated up to 12.5% of homology-directed repair in primary cell cultures. In summary, optimized a.Gag.MS2 particles represent a versatile tool for short-term delivery of DNA-modifying enzymes into a variety of target cells, including primary murine and human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baron
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Johanna Sens
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Larissa Nassauer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Denise Klatt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Marc-Jens Kleppa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Philippe Vollmer Barbosa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Maximilian Keisker
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Viviane Steinberg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Julia D. Suerth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Florian W.R. Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Johann Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
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Nonconditioned ADA-SCID gene therapy reveals ADA requirement in the hematopoietic system and clonal dominance of vector-marked clones. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:424-433. [PMID: 34786435 PMCID: PMC8566957 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) received stem cell-based gene therapy (SCGT) using GCsapM-ADA retroviral vectors without preconditioning in 2003 and 2004. The first patient (Pt1) was treated at 4.7 years old, and the second patient (Pt2), who had previously received T cell gene therapy (TCGT), was treated at 13 years old. More than 10 years after SCGT, T cells showed a higher vector copy number (VCN) than other lineages. Moreover, the VCN increased with differentiation toward memory T and B cells. The distribution of vector-marked cells reflected variable levels of ADA requirements in hematopoietic subpopulations. Although neither patient developed leukemia, clonal expansion of SCGT-derived clones was observed in both patients. The use of retroviral vectors yielded clonal dominance of vector-marked clones, irrespective of the lack of leukemic changes. Vector integration sites common to all hematopoietic lineages suggested the engraftment of gene-marked progenitors in Pt1, who showed severe osteoblast (OB) insufficiency compared to Pt2, which might cause a reduction in the stem/progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM). The impaired BM microenvironment due to metabolic abnormalities may create space for the engraftment of vector-marked cells in ADA-SCID, despite the lack of preconditioning.
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Mattar CNZ, Labude MK, Lee TN, Lai PS. Ethical considerations of preconception and prenatal gene modification in the embryo and fetus. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:3018-3027. [PMID: 34665851 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Academies of Sciences and Medicine 2020 consensus statement advocates the reinstatement of research in preconception heritable human genome editing (HHGE), despite the ethical concerns that have been voiced about interventions in the germline, and outlines criteria for its eventual clinical application to address monogenic disorders. However, the statement does not give adequate consideration to alternative technologies. Importantly, it omits comparison to fetal gene therapy (FGT), which involves gene modification applied prenatally to the developing fetus and which is better researched and less ethically contentious. While both technologies are applicable to the same monogenic diseases causing significant prenatal or early childhood morbidity, the benefits and risks of HHGE are distinct from FGT though there are important overlaps. FGT has the current advantage of a wealth of robust preclinical data, while HHGE is nascent technology and its feasibility for specific diseases still requires scientific proof. The ethical concerns surrounding each are unique and deserving of further discussion, as there are compelling arguments supporting research and eventual clinical translation of both technologies. In this Opinion, we consider HHGE and FGT through technical and ethical lenses, applying common ethical principles to provide a sense of their feasibility and acceptability. Currently, FGT is in a more advanced position for clinical translation and may be less ethically contentious than HHGE, so it deserves to be considered as an alternative therapy in further discussions on HHGE implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Nurfarah Zaini Mattar
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Klaus Labude
- Science, Health and Policy-Relevant Ethics in Singapore (SHAPES) Initiative, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Nicholas Lee
- Science, Health and Policy-Relevant Ethics in Singapore (SHAPES) Initiative, Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Li YR, Zhou Y, Kramer A, Yang L. Engineering stem cells for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:1059-1073. [PMID: 34479851 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Engineering stem cells presents an attractive paradigm for cancer immunotherapy. Stem cells engineered to stably express various chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T-cell receptors (TCRs) against tumor-associated antigens are showing increasing promise in the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Stem cells engraft for long-term immune cell generation and serve as a sustained source of tumor-specific effector cells to maintain remissions. Furthermore, engineering stem cells provides 'off-the-shelf' cellular products, obviating the need for a personalized and patient-specific product that plagues current autologous cell therapies. Herein, we summarize recent progress of stem cell-engineered cancer therapies, and discuss the utility, impact, opportunities, and challenges of cellular engineering that may facilitate the translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Yilmaz BS, Gurung S, Perocheau D, Counsell J, Baruteau J. Gene therapy for inherited metabolic diseases. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2020; 24:53-64. [PMID: 33554501 PMCID: PMC8518100 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20202402si.2004.000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, gene therapy has been successfully translated to many rare diseases. The number of clinical trials is rapidly expanding and some gene therapy products have now received market authorisation in the western world. Inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) are orphan diseases frequently associated with a severe debilitating phenotype with limited therapeutic perspective. Gene therapy is progressively becoming a disease-changing therapeutic option for these patients. In this review, we aim to summarise the development of this emerging field detailing the main gene therapy strategies, routes of administration, viral and non-viral vectors and gene editing tools. We discuss the respective advantages and pitfalls of these gene therapy strategies and review their application in IMD, providing examples of clinical trials with lentiviral or adeno-associated viral gene therapy vectors in rare diseases. The rapid development of the field and implementation of gene therapy as a realistic therapeutic option for various IMD in a short term also require a good knowledge and understanding of these technologies from physicians to counsel the patients at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Seker Yilmaz
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sonam Gurung
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dany Perocheau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Counsell
- Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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17
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Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Cosset FL, Verhoeyen E. Lentiviral Vector Pseudotypes: Precious Tools to Improve Gene Modification of Hematopoietic Cells for Research and Gene Therapy. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091016. [PMID: 32933033 PMCID: PMC7551254 DOI: 10.3390/v12091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have been repurposed into tools for gene delivery by transforming them into viral vectors. The most frequently used vectors are lentiviral vectors (LVs), derived from the human immune deficiency virus allowing efficient gene transfer in mammalian cells. They represent one of the safest and most efficient treatments for monogenic diseases affecting the hematopoietic system. LVs are modified with different viral envelopes (pseudotyping) to alter and improve their tropism for different primary cell types. The vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) is commonly used for pseudotyping as it enhances gene transfer into multiple hematopoietic cell types. However, VSV-G pseudotyped LVs are not able to confer efficient transduction in quiescent blood cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), B and T cells. To solve this problem, VSV-G can be exchanged for other heterologous viral envelopes glycoproteins, such as those from the Measles virus, Baboon endogenous retrovirus, Cocal virus, Nipah virus or Sendai virus. Here, we provide an overview of how these LV pseudotypes improved transduction efficiency of HSC, B, T and natural killer (NK) cells, underlined by multiple in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating how pseudotyped LVs deliver therapeutic genes or gene editing tools to treat different genetic diseases and efficiently generate CAR T cells for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France;
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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18
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Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are genetic diseases that lead to increased susceptibility to infection. Hundreds of PIDs have now been described, but a select subset commonly presents in the neonatal period. Neonates, especially premature newborns, have relative immune immaturity that makes it challenging to differentiate PIDs from intrinsic immaturity. Nonetheless, early identification and appropriate management of PIDs are critical, and the neonatal clinician should be familiar with a range of PIDs and their presentations. The neonatal clinician should also be aware of the importance of consulting with an immunologist when a PID is suspected. The role of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency, as well as the initial steps of laboratory evaluation for a PID should be familiar to those caring for neonates. Finally, it is important for providers to be familiar with the initial management steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of infection in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E O'Connell
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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19
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Chen R. Primary Immunodeficiency. Rare Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Yi A, Sim D, Lee YJ, Sarangthem V, Park RW. Development of elastin-like polypeptide for targeted specific gene delivery in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:15. [PMID: 31952530 PMCID: PMC6969399 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-0574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The successful deliveries of siRNA depend on their stabilities under physiological conditions because greater in vivo stability enhances cellular uptake and enables endosomal escape. Viral-based systems appears as most efficient approaches for gene delivery but often compromised in terms of biocompatibility, patient safety and high cost scale up process. Here we describe a novel platform of gene delivery by elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) based targeting biopolymers. Results For better tumor targeting and membrane penetrating characteristics, we designed various chimeric ELP-based carriers containing a cell penetrating peptide (Tat), single or multiple copies of AP1 an IL-4 receptor targeting peptide along with coding sequence of ELP and referred as Tat-A1E28 or Tat-A4V48. These targeted polypeptides were further analyzed for its ability to deliver siRNA (Luciferase gene) in tumor cells in comparison with non-targeted controls (Tat-E28 or E28). The positively charged amino acids of these polypeptides enabled them to readily complex with negatively charged nucleic acids. The complexation of nucleic acid with respective polypeptides facilitated its transfection efficiency as well as stability. The targeted polypeptides (Tat-A1E28 or Tat-A4V48) selectively delivered siRNA into tumor cells in a receptor-specific fashion, achieved endosomal and lysosomal escape, and released gene into cytosol. The target specific delivery of siRNA by Tat-A1E28 or Tat-A4V48 was further validated in murine breast carcinoma 4T1 allograft mice model. Conclusion The designed delivery systems efficiently delivered siRNA to the target site of action thereby inducing significant gene silencing activity. The study shows Tat and AP1 functionalized ELPs constitute a novel gene delivery system with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aena Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Sim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Lewandowicz-Uszyńska A, Pasternak G, Świerkot J, Bogunia-Kubik K. Primary Immunodeficiencies: Diseases of Children and Adults - A Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1289:37-54. [PMID: 32803731 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) belong to a group of rare congenital diseases occurring all over the world that may be seen in both children and adults. In most cases, genetic predispositions are already known. As shown in this review, genetic abnormalities may be related to dysfunction of the immune system, which manifests itself as recurrent infections, increased risk of cancer, and autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the various forms of PIDs, including their characterization, management strategies, and complications. Novel aspects of the diagnostics and monitoring of PIDs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lewandowicz-Uszyńska
- Third Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. .,Department of Immunology and Pediatrics, The J. Gromkowski Provincial Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Gerard Pasternak
- Third Department and Clinic of Pediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Świerkot
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, The Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Trimidal SG, Benjamin R, Bae JE, Han MV, Kong E, Singer A, Williams TS, Yang B, Schiller MR. Can Designer Indels Be Tailored by Gene Editing?: Can Indels Be Customized? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900126. [PMID: 31693213 PMCID: PMC7202862 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEENs) introduce site-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repairs DSBs via nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways that eventually create indels (insertions/deletions) in a genome. Whether the features of indels resulting from gene editing could be customized is asked. A review of the literature reveals how gene editing technologies via NHEJ pathways impact gene editing. The survey consolidates a body of literature that suggests that the type (insertion, deletion, and complex) and the approximate length of indel edits can be somewhat customized with different GEENs and by manipulating the expression of key NHEJ genes. Structural data suggest that binding of GEENs to DNA may interfere with binding of key components of DNA repair complexes, favoring either classical- or alternative-NHEJ. The hypotheses have some limitations, but if validated, will enable scientists to better control indel makeup, holding promise for basic science and clinical applications of gene editing. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/vTkJtUsLi3w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Trimidal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Ronald Benjamin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Ji Eun Bae
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Mira V Han
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Aaron Singer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Tyler S Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Martin R Schiller
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
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23
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Timmins LM, Patel RS, Teryek MS, Parekkadan B. Real-time transfer of lentiviral particles by producer cells using an engineered coculture system. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:1019-1031. [PMID: 31515650 PMCID: PMC6787137 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviruses are quite effective gene delivery systems for stable production of genetically engineered human cells. However, prior to using lentivirus to deliver genetic materials to cells of interest, the normal course of production of these lentiviruses involves a lengthy collection, purification, preservation, and quantification process. In this report, we demonstrate the ability for producer HEK293T cells to simultaneously produce lentiviral particles and transduce (i.e., infect) target cells through a membrane-based coculture system in a continuous, real-time mode which negates the need for a separate viral collection and quantification process. The coculture system was evaluated for major design features such as variations in HEK293T seeding density, target cell type densities, as well as membrane porosities to identify key relationships between lentiviral particle production rate and infection kinetics for adherent and suspension cell types. As a proof-of-concept for the creation of an engineered cell immunotherapy, we describe the ability to engineer human T cells isolated from PBMCs under the control of this coculture system in under 6 days with a GFP construct. These studies suggest the capability to combine and more closely automate the transfection/transduction process in order to facilitate well-timed and cost-effective transduction of target cell types. These experiments provide novel insight into the forthcoming transition into improved manufacturing systems for viral production and subsequent cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Timmins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA
| | - Riya S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA
| | - Matthew S Teryek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA.
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Pouzolles M, Machado A, Guilbaud M, Irla M, Gailhac S, Barennes P, Cesana D, Calabria A, Benedicenti F, Sergé A, Raman I, Li QZ, Montini E, Klatzmann D, Adjali O, Taylor N, Zimmermann VS. Intrathymic adeno-associated virus gene transfer rapidly restores thymic function and long-term persistence of gene-corrected T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:679-697.e5. [PMID: 31513879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with T-cell immunodeficiencies are generally treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but alternatives are needed for patients without matched donors. An innovative intrathymic gene therapy approach that directly targets the thymus might improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the efficacy of intrathymic adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes to transduce thymocyte subsets and correct the T-cell immunodeficiency in a zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70)-deficient murine model. METHODS AAV serotypes were injected intrathymically into wild-type mice, and gene transfer efficiency was monitored. ZAP-70-/- mice were intrathymically injected with an AAV8 vector harboring the ZAP70 gene. Thymus structure, immunophenotyping, T-cell receptor clonotypes, T-cell function, immune responses to transgenes and autoantibodies, vector copy number, and integration were evaluated. RESULTS AAV8, AAV9, and AAV10 serotypes all transduced thymocyte subsets after in situ gene transfer, with transduction of up to 5% of cells. Intrathymic injection of an AAV8-ZAP-70 vector into ZAP-70-/- mice resulted in a rapid thymocyte differentiation associated with the development of a thymic medulla. Strikingly, medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing the autoimmune regulator were detected within 10 days of gene transfer, correlating with the presence of functional effector and regulatory T-cell subsets with diverse T-cell receptor clonotypes in the periphery. Although thymocyte reconstitution was transient, gene-corrected peripheral T cells harboring approximately 1 AAV genome per cell persisted for more than 40 weeks, and AAV vector integration was detected. CONCLUSIONS Intrathymic AAV-transduced progenitors promote a rapid restoration of the thymic architecture, with a single wave of thymopoiesis generating long-term peripheral T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pouzolles
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Machado
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR1089, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Irla
- Center of Immunology Marseille-Luminy (CIML), INSERM U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
| | - Sarah Gailhac
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Barennes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France
| | - Daniela Cesana
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnauld Sergé
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Indu Raman
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), Paris, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR1089, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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25
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Chan JKY, Gil-Farina I, Johana N, Rosales C, Tan YW, Ceiler J, Mcintosh J, Ogden B, Waddington SN, Schmidt M, Biswas A, Choolani M, Nathwani AC, Mattar CNZ. Therapeutic expression of human clotting factors IX and X following adeno-associated viral vector-mediated intrauterine gene transfer in early-gestation fetal macaques. FASEB J 2018; 33:3954-3967. [PMID: 30517034 PMCID: PMC6404563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801391r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) achieve stable therapeutic expression without long-term toxicity in adults with hemophilia. To avert irreversible complications in congenital disorders producing early pathogenesis, safety and efficacy of AAV-intrauterine gene transfer (IUGT) requires assessment. We therefore performed IUGT of AAV5 or -8 with liver-specific promoter-1 encoding either human coagulation factors IX (hFIX) or X (hFX) into Macaca fascicularis fetuses at ∼0.4 gestation. The initial cohort received 1 × 1012 vector genomes (vgs) of AAV5-hFIX (n = 5; 0.45 × 1013 vg/kg birth weight), resulting in ∼3.0% hFIX at birth and 0.6–6.8% over 19–51 mo. The next cohort received 0.2–1 × 1013 vg boluses. AAV5-hFX animals (n = 3; 3.57 × 1013 vg/kg) expressed <1% at birth and 9.4–27.9% up to 42 mo. AAV8-hFIX recipients (n = 3; 2.56 × 1013 vg/kg) established 4.2–41.3% expression perinatally and 9.8–25.3% over 46 mo. Expression with AAV8-hFX (n = 6, 3.12 × 1013 vg/kg) increased from <1% perinatally to 9.8–13.4% >35 mo. Low expressers (<1%, n = 3) were postnatally challenged with 2 × 1011 vg/kg AAV5 resulting in 2.4–13.2% expression and demonstrating acquired tolerance. Linear amplification–mediated-PCR analysis demonstrated random integration of 57–88% of AAV sequences retrieved from hepatocytes with no events occurring in or near oncogenesis-associated genes. Thus, early-IUGT in macaques produces sustained curative expression related significantly to integrated AAV in the absence of clinical toxicity, supporting its therapeutic potential for early-onset monogenic disorders.—Chan, J. K. Y., Gil-Farina I., Johana, N., Rosales, C., Tan, Y. W., Ceiler, J., Mcintosh, J., Ogden, B., Waddington, S. N., Schmidt, M., Biswas, A., Choolani, M., Nathwani, A. C., Mattar, C. N. Z. Therapeutic expression of human clotting factors IX and X following adeno-associated viral vector–mediated intrauterine gene transfer in early-gestation fetal macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry K Y Chan
- Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Irene Gil-Farina
- Department of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center/National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuryanti Johana
- Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Wan Tan
- Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessika Ceiler
- Department of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center/National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Mcintosh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan Ogden
- SingHealth Experimental Medicine Centre, Singapore Health Services Pte, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits/South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,GeneWerk, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center/National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit C Nathwani
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Citra N Z Mattar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Saka K, Lai CY, Nojima M, Kawahara M, Otsu M, Nakauchi H, Nagamune T. Dissection of Signaling Events Downstream of the c-Mpl Receptor in Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells Via Motif-Engineered Chimeric Receptors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:101-109. [PMID: 28948469 PMCID: PMC5801400 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a valuable resource in transplantation medicine. Cytokines are often used to culture HSCs aiming at better clinical outcomes through enhancement of HSC reconstitution capability. Roles for each signal molecule downstream of receptors in HSCs, however, remain puzzling due to complexity of the cytokine-signaling network. Engineered receptors that are non-responsive to endogenous cytokines represent an attractive tool for dissection of signaling events. We here tested a previously developed chimeric receptor (CR) system in primary murine HSCs, target cells that are indispensable for analysis of stem cell activity. Each CR contains tyrosine motifs that enable selective activation of signal molecules located downstream of the c-Mpl receptor upon stimulation by an artificial ligand. Signaling through a control CR with a wild-type c-Mpl cytoplasmic tail sufficed to enhance HSC proliferation and colony formation in cooperation with stem cell factor (SCF). Among a series of CRs, only one compatible with selective Stat5 activation showed similar positive effects. The HSCs maintained ex vivo in these environments retained long-term reconstitution ability following transplantation. This ability was also demonstrated in secondary recipients, indicating effective transmission of stem cell-supportive signals into HSCs via these artificial CRs during culture. Selective activation of Stat5 through CR ex vivo favored preservation of lymphoid potential in long-term reconstituting HSCs, but not of myeloid potential, exemplifying possible dissection of signals downstream of c-Mpl. These CR systems therefore offer a useful tool to scrutinize complex signaling pathways in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Saka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chen-Yi Lai
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Division of Stem Cell Processing / Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,Division of Stem Cell Processing / Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by a typical movement disorder that occurs in part because of the selective degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Current treatment for the motor disorder of Parkinson's disease consists of dopaminergic medications, but these come with significant adverse effects, themselves an important part of the clinical course of Parkinson's disease, particularly in advanced stages. Therefore, treatment is needed that can restore dopaminergic tone in the striatum in a physiological and targeted manner to avert these side effects. A number of potential regenerative treatments have been developed with a view to achieving this. Following decades of optimisation and development of stem-cell-based treatments and viral gene delivery, clinical trials are on the horizon. For these treatments to be widely useful, they must be clinically effective, cost efficient and safe, and a number of practical aspects regarding storage and delivery of treatment must be optimised. Many barriers have been overcome, and the field of regenerative medicine for Parkinson's disease is now increasingly focussed on how these treatments will be delivered, demonstrating the significant progress that has been made and the optimism surrounding these approaches.
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Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for the cure of blood diseases: primary immunodeficiencies. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Wang ZY, Ruan CG. [The progresses in research and treatment of inherited platelet disorders]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2018; 39:877-880. [PMID: 30369214 PMCID: PMC7348291 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Stoker TB, Torsney KM, Barker RA. Emerging Treatment Approaches for Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:693. [PMID: 30349448 PMCID: PMC6186796 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, manifesting as a characteristic movement disorder with a number of additional non-motor features. The pathological hallmark of PD is the presence of intra-neuronal aggregates of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies). The movement disorder of PD occurs largely due to loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, resulting in striatal dopamine depletion. There are currently no proven disease modifying treatments for PD, with management options consisting mainly of dopaminergic drugs, and in a limited number of patients, deep brain stimulation. Long-term use of established dopaminergic therapies for PD results in significant adverse effects, and there is therefore a requirement to develop better means of restoring striatal dopamine, as well as treatments that are able to slow progression of the disease. A number of exciting treatments have yielded promising results in pre-clinical and early clinical trials, and it now seems likely that the landscape for the management of PD will change dramatically in the short to medium term future. Here, we discuss the promising regenerative cell-based and gene therapies, designed to treat the dopaminergic aspects of PD whilst limiting adverse effects, as well as novel approaches to reducing α-synuclein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Stoker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kelli M Torsney
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Titov A, Petukhov A, Staliarova A, Motorin D, Bulatov E, Shuvalov O, Soond SM, Piacentini M, Melino G, Zaritskey A, Barlev NA. The biological basis and clinical symptoms of CAR-T therapy-associated toxicites. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:897. [PMID: 30181581 PMCID: PMC6123453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy is attracting a lot of attention and may potentially become a leading approach in the treatment of cancer. One emerging therapeutic, the chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell adoptive immunotherapy (CAR-T) is showing remarkable efficacy in the treatment of several B-cell malignancies. The popularity of CAR-T has been founded on two CAR T-cell products recently approved by FDA (during 2017) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma. However, their toxicities observed in clinical trials were extremely significant and in some cases even fatal with no approved algorithms for toxicity prediction being available to date. A deeper understanding of the biological basis of such complications is the key to prompt and comprehensive clinical management. Here we review the wide spectrum of effects associated with CAR T cell therapy with a major focus on the pathogenesis of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity as the most common, potentially life-threatening effects of this treatment. We discuss the basis of clinical management and the existing models that predict the severity of toxicity, as well as the key factors that modulate this event. Finally, we will summarize the literature detailing universal allogenic CAR T-cells and their toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Titov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197341
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197341.,Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194064.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Alena Staliarova
- Belarussian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, 223053, Borovliani, Republic of Belarus
| | - Dmitriy Motorin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197341
| | - Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194064
| | - Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194064
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194064.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194064.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrey Zaritskey
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197341
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194064. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia, 141701.
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van Haasteren J, Hyde SC, Gill DR. Lessons learned from lung and liver in-vivo gene therapy: implications for the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:959-972. [PMID: 30067117 PMCID: PMC6134476 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1506761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ex-vivo gene therapy has had significant clinical impact over the last couple of years and in-vivo gene therapy products are being approved for clinical use. Gene therapy and gene editing approaches have huge potential to treat genetic disease and chronic illness. AREAS COVERED This article provides a review of in-vivo approaches for gene therapy in the lung and liver, exploiting non-viral and viral vectors with varying serotypes and pseudotypes to target-specific cells. Antibody responses inhibiting viral vectors continue to constrain effective repeat administration. Lessons learned from ex-vivo gene therapy and genome editing are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The fields of lung and liver in-vivo gene therapy are thriving and a comparison highlights obstacles and opportunities for both. Overcoming immunological issues associated with repeated administration of viral vectors remains a key challenge. The addition of targeted small molecules in combination with viral vectors may offer one solution. A substantial bottleneck to the widespread adoption of in-vivo gene therapy is how to ensure sufficient capacity for clinical-grade vector production. In the future, the exploitation of gene editing approaches for in-vivo disease treatment may facilitate the resurgence of non-viral gene transfer approaches, which tend to be eclipsed by more efficient viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost van Haasteren
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen C. Hyde
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah R. Gill
- Gene Medicine Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Rissone A, Burgess SM. Rare Genetic Blood Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. Front Genet 2018; 9:348. [PMID: 30233640 PMCID: PMC6127601 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis results in the correct formation of all the different blood cell types. In mammals, it starts from specific hematopoietic stem and precursor cells residing in the bone marrow. Mature blood cells are responsible for supplying oxygen to every cell of the organism and for the protection against pathogens. Therefore, inherited or de novo genetic mutations affecting blood cell formation or the regulation of their activity are responsible for numerous diseases including anemia, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, hyper- or hypo-inflammation, and cancer. By definition, an animal disease model is an analogous version of a specific clinical condition developed by researchers to gain information about its pathophysiology. Among all the model species used in comparative medicine, mice continue to be the most common and accepted model for biomedical research. However, because of the complexity of human diseases and the intrinsic differences between humans and other species, the use of several models (possibly in distinct species) can often be more helpful and informative than the use of a single model. In recent decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become increasingly popular among researchers, because it represents an inexpensive alternative compared to mammalian models, such as mice. Numerous advantages make it an excellent animal model to be used in genetic studies and in particular in modeling human blood diseases. Comparing zebrafish hematopoiesis to mammals, it is highly conserved with few, significant differences. In addition, the zebrafish model has a high-quality, complete genomic sequence available that shows a high level of evolutionary conservation with the human genome, empowering genetic and genomic approaches. Moreover, the external fertilization, the high fecundity and the transparency of their embryos facilitate rapid, in vivo analysis of phenotypes. In addition, the ability to manipulate its genome using the last genome editing technologies, provides powerful tools for developing new disease models and understanding the pathophysiology of human disorders. This review provides an overview of the different approaches and techniques that can be used to model genetic diseases in zebrafish, discussing how this animal model has contributed to the understanding of genetic diseases, with a specific focus on the blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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34
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The Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Selected Primary Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:579-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Keller MD, Notarangelo LD, Malech HL. Future of Care for Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Gene Therapy and Targeted Molecular Medicine. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:S40-S44. [PMID: 29746676 PMCID: PMC5985732 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare and potentially fatal disorder of neutrophil function. Beyond current medical management and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, new methods of gene therapy that use lentiviral vectors or gene editing might extend curative therapies to patients who lack a suitable transplantation donor while eliminating the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Furthermore, new therapies focused on altering the biology of phagolysosomes might offer novel targeted treatments for inflammatory complications in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC,Correspondence: M. D. Keller 111 Michigan Ave NW, M7729 Washington, DC 20010 ()
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
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36
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Odiba A, Ottah V, Anunobi O, Ukegbu C, Uroko R, Ottah C, Edeke A, Omeje K. Current strides in AAV-derived vectors and SIN channels further relieves the limitations of gene therapy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wang JC, Liu XX. [Clinical features and gene mutations of primary immunodeficiency disease: an analysis of 7 cases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:285-289. [PMID: 29658452 PMCID: PMC7390036 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the clinical features of immunodeficiency disease and the features of the mutation of its pathogenic genes. All 7 patients were boys aged 5 months to 4 years and 6 months and had a history of recurrent respiratory infection and pneumonia, low levels of IgM and IgG, and abnormal absolute values or percentages of lymphocyte subsets. High-throughput sequencing showed c.1684C>T mutations in the BTK gene in patient 1 and IVS8+2T>C splice site mutations in the BTK gene in patient 2. Both of these mutations came from their mothers. Patients 3, 4, and 5 had mutations in the IL2RG gene, i.e., c.298C>T, IVS3-2A>G, and c.164T>A, among which c.164T>A mutations had not been reported. Patient 6 had c.204C>G mutations in the RAG2 gene. Patient 7 had complex heterozygous mutations of c.913C>T and c.824G>A in the RAG2 gene, which came from his father and mother, respectively. Patients with immunodeficiency disease have abnormal immunological indices, and high-throughput sequencing helps to make a definite diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yangluo Branch of the Third People′s Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430415, China.
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Wang JC, Liu XX. [Clinical features and gene mutations of primary immunodeficiency disease: an analysis of 7 cases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:285-289. [PMID: 29658452 PMCID: PMC7390036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the clinical features of immunodeficiency disease and the features of the mutation of its pathogenic genes. All 7 patients were boys aged 5 months to 4 years and 6 months and had a history of recurrent respiratory infection and pneumonia, low levels of IgM and IgG, and abnormal absolute values or percentages of lymphocyte subsets. High-throughput sequencing showed c.1684C>T mutations in the BTK gene in patient 1 and IVS8+2T>C splice site mutations in the BTK gene in patient 2. Both of these mutations came from their mothers. Patients 3, 4, and 5 had mutations in the IL2RG gene, i.e., c.298C>T, IVS3-2A>G, and c.164T>A, among which c.164T>A mutations had not been reported. Patient 6 had c.204C>G mutations in the RAG2 gene. Patient 7 had complex heterozygous mutations of c.913C>T and c.824G>A in the RAG2 gene, which came from his father and mother, respectively. Patients with immunodeficiency disease have abnormal immunological indices, and high-throughput sequencing helps to make a definite diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yangluo Branch of the Third People′s Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430415, China.
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Abstract
Proper regulation of the immune system is required for protection against pathogens and preventing autoimmune disorders. Inborn errors of the immune system due to inherited or de novo germline mutations can lead to the loss of protective immunity, aberrant immune homeostasis, and the development of autoimmune disease, or combinations of these. Forward genetic screens involving clinical material from patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) can vary in severity from life-threatening disease affecting multiple cell types and organs to relatively mild disease with susceptibility to a limited range of pathogens or mild autoimmune conditions. As central mediators of innate and adaptive immune responses, T cells are critical orchestrators and effectors of the immune response. As such, several PIDs result from loss of or altered T cell function. PID-associated functional defects range from complete absence of T cell development to uncontrolled effector cell activation. Furthermore, the gene products of known PID causal genes are involved in diverse molecular pathways ranging from T cell receptor signaling to regulators of protein glycosylation. Identification of the molecular and biochemical cause of PIDs can not only guide the course of treatment for patients, but also inform our understanding of the basic biology behind T cell function. In this chapter, we review PIDs with known genetic causes that intrinsically affect T cell function with particular focus on perturbations of biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Comrie
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Cicalese MP, Ferrua F, Castagnaro L, Rolfe K, De Boever E, Reinhardt RR, Appleby J, Roncarolo MG, Aiuti A. Gene Therapy for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Short- and Medium-Term Safety. Mol Ther 2018; 26:917-931. [PMID: 29433935 PMCID: PMC5910668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of adenosine deaminase activity leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID); production and function of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells are impaired. Gene therapy (GT) with an autologous CD34+-enriched cell fraction that contains CD34+ cells transduced with a retroviral vector encoding the human ADA cDNA sequence leads to immune reconstitution in most patients. Here, we report short- and medium-term safety analyses from 18 patients enrolled as part of single-arm, open-label studies or compassionate use programs. Survival was 100% with a median of 6.9 years follow-up (range, 2.3 to 13.4 years). Adverse events were mostly grade 1 or grade 2 and were reported by all 18 patients following GT. Thirty-nine serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported by 15 of 18 patients; no SAEs were considered related to GT. The most common adverse events reported post-GT include upper respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis, rhinitis, bronchitis, oral candidiasis, cough, neutropenia, diarrhea, and pyrexia. Incidence rates for all of these events were highest during pre-treatment, treatment, and/or 3-month follow-up and then declined over medium-term follow-up. GT did not impact the incidence of neurologic/hearing impairments. No event indicative of leukemic transformation was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, 20132
| | - Laura Castagnaro
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132
| | - Katie Rolfe
- GSK Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, UB11 1BT and SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Erika De Boever
- GSK Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Rickey R Reinhardt
- GSK Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Jonathan Appleby
- GSK Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, UB11 1BT and SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, 20132; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, 20132; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, 20132.
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Measles virus envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vectors transduce quiescent human HSCs at an efficiency without precedent. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2088-2104. [PMID: 29296856 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based gene therapy trials are now moving toward the use of lentiviral vectors (LVs) with success. However, one challenge in the field remains: efficient transduction of HSCs without compromising their stem cell potential. Here we showed that measles virus glycoprotein-displaying LVs (hemagglutinin and fusion protein LVs [H/F-LVs]) were capable of transducing 100% of early-acting cytokine-stimulated human CD34+ (hCD34+) progenitor cells upon a single application. Strikingly, these H/F-LVs also allowed transduction of up to 70% of nonstimulated quiescent hCD34+ cells, whereas conventional vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G)-LVs reached 5% at the most with H/F-LV entry occurring exclusively through the CD46 complement receptor. Importantly, reconstitution of NOD/SCIDγc-/- (NSG) mice with H/F-LV transduced prestimulated or resting hCD34+ cells confirmed these high transduction levels in all myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Remarkably, for resting CD34+ cells, secondary recipients exhibited increasing transduction levels of up to 100%, emphasizing that H/F-LVs efficiently gene-marked HSCs in the resting state. Because H/F-LVs promoted ex vivo gene modification of minimally manipulated CD34+ progenitors that maintained stemness, we assessed their applicability in Fanconi anemia, a bone marrow (BM) failure with chromosomal fragility. Notably, only H/F-LVs efficiently gene-corrected minimally stimulated hCD34+ cells in unfractionated BM from these patients. These H/F-LVs improved HSC gene delivery in the absence of cytokine stimulation while maintaining their stem cell potential. Thus, H/F-LVs will facilitate future clinical applications requiring HSC gene modification, including BM failure syndromes, for which treatment has been very challenging up to now.
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Baruteau J, Waddington SN, Alexander IE, Gissen P. Gene therapy for monogenic liver diseases: clinical successes, current challenges and future prospects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:497-517. [PMID: 28567541 PMCID: PMC5500673 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, pioneering liver-directed gene therapy trials for haemophilia B have achieved sustained clinical improvement after a single systemic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) derived vectors encoding the human factor IX cDNA. These trials demonstrate the potential of AAV technology to provide long-lasting clinical benefit in the treatment of monogenic liver disorders. Indeed, with more than ten ongoing or planned clinical trials for haemophilia A and B and dozens of trials planned for other inherited genetic/metabolic liver diseases, clinical translation is expanding rapidly. Gene therapy is likely to become an option for routine care of a subset of severe inherited genetic/metabolic liver diseases in the relatively near term. In this review, we aim to summarise the milestones in the development of gene therapy, present the different vector tools and their clinical applications for liver-directed gene therapy. AAV-derived vectors are emerging as the leading candidates for clinical translation of gene delivery to the liver. Therefore, we focus on clinical applications of AAV vectors in providing the most recent update on clinical outcomes of completed and ongoing gene therapy trials and comment on the current challenges that the field is facing for large-scale clinical translation. There is clearly an urgent need for more efficient therapies in many severe monogenic liver disorders, which will require careful risk-benefit analysis for each indication, especially in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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El Ashkar S, Van Looveren D, Schenk F, Vranckx LS, Demeulemeester J, De Rijck J, Debyser Z, Modlich U, Gijsbers R. Engineering Next-Generation BET-Independent MLV Vectors for Safer Gene Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017. [PMID: 28624199 PMCID: PMC5415309 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral vectors have shown their curative potential in clinical trials correcting monogenetic disorders. However, therapeutic benefits were compromised due to vector-induced dysregulation of cellular genes and leukemia development in a subset of patients. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins act as cellular cofactors that tether the murine leukemia virus (MLV) pre-integration complex to host chromatin via interaction with the MLV integrase (IN) and thereby define the typical gammaretroviral integration distribution. We engineered next-generation BET-independent (Bin) MLV vectors to retarget their integration to regions where they are less likely to dysregulate nearby genes. We mutated MLV IN to uncouple BET protein interaction and fused it with chromatin-binding peptides. The addition of the CBX1 chromodomain to MLV INW390A efficiently targeted integration away from gene regulatory elements. The retargeted vector produced at high titers and efficiently transduced CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, while fewer colonies were detected in a serial colony-forming assay, a surrogate test for genotoxicity. Our findings underscore the potential of the engineered vectors to reduce the risk of insertional mutagenesis without compromising transduction efficiency. Ultimately, combined with other safety features in vector design, next-generation BinMLV vectors can improve the safety of gammaretroviral vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Ashkar
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Looveren
- Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franziska Schenk
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Lenard S Vranckx
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ute Modlich
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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46
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Dever DP, Bak RO, Reinisch A, Camarena J, Washington G, Nicolas CE, Pavel-Dinu M, Saxena N, Wilkens AB, Mantri S, Uchida N, Hendel A, Narla A, Majeti R, Weinberg KI, Porteus MH. CRISPR/Cas9 β-globin gene targeting in human haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2016; 539:384-389. [PMID: 27820943 PMCID: PMC5898607 DOI: 10.1038/nature20134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The β-haemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassaemia, are caused by mutations in the β-globin (HBB) gene and affect millions of people worldwide. Ex vivo gene correction in patient-derived haematopoietic stem cells followed by autologous transplantation could be used to cure β-haemoglobinopathies. Here we present a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system that combines Cas9 ribonucleoproteins and adeno-associated viral vector delivery of a homologous donor to achieve homologous recombination at the HBB gene in haematopoietic stem cells. Notably, we devise an enrichment model to purify a population of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with more than 90% targeted integration. We also show efficient correction of the Glu6Val mutation responsible for sickle cell disease by using patient-derived stem and progenitor cells that, after differentiation into erythrocytes, express adult β-globin (HbA) messenger RNA, which confirms intact transcriptional regulation of edited HBB alleles. Collectively, these preclinical studies outline a CRISPR-based methodology for targeting haematopoietic stem cells by homologous recombination at the HBB locus to advance the development of next-generation therapies for β-haemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dever
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gabriel Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Mara Pavel-Dinu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nivi Saxena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alec B Wilkens
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sruthi Mantri
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nobuko Uchida
- Stem Cells, Inc. 7707 Gateway Blvd., Suite 140, Newark, California 94560, USA
| | - Ayal Hendel
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Anupama Narla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94035, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kenneth I Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Powell AB, Williams K, Cruz CRY. Gene-modified, cell-based therapies—an overview. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1351-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Salzer E, Santos-Valente E, Keller B, Warnatz K, Boztug K. Protein Kinase C δ: a Gatekeeper of Immune Homeostasis. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:631-40. [PMID: 27541826 PMCID: PMC5018258 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human autoimmune disorders present in various forms and are associated with a life-long burden of high morbidity and mortality. Many different circumstances lead to the loss of immune tolerance and often the origin is suspected to be multifactorial. Recently, patients with autosomal recessive mutations in PRKCD encoding protein kinase c delta (PKCδ) have been identified, representing a monogenic prototype for one of the most prominent forms of humoral systemic autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PKCδ is a signaling kinase with multiple downstream target proteins and with functions in various signaling pathways. Interestingly, mouse models have indicated a special role of the ubiquitously expressed protein in the control of B-cell tolerance revealed by the severe autoimmunity in Prkcd (-/-) knockout mice as the major phenotype. As such, the study of PKCδ deficiency in humans has tremendous potential in enhancing our knowledge on the mechanisms of B-cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Salzer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisangela Santos-Valente
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bärbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases and CeRUD Vienna Center for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.
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Everson EM, Olzsko ME, Leap DJ, Hocum JD, Trobridge GD. A comparison of foamy and lentiviral vector genotoxicity in SCID-repopulating cells shows foamy vectors are less prone to clonal dominance. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2016; 3:16048. [PMID: 27579335 PMCID: PMC4988344 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy using retroviral vectors has immense potential, but vector-mediated genotoxicity limits use in the clinic. Lentiviral vectors are less genotoxic than gammaretroviral vectors and have become the vector of choice in clinical trials. Foamy retroviral vectors have a promising integration profile and are less prone to read-through transcription than gammaretroviral or lentiviral vectors. Here, we directly compared the safety and efficacy of foamy vectors to lentiviral vectors in human CD34(+) repopulating cells in immunodeficient mice. To increase their genotoxic potential, foamy and lentiviral vectors with identical transgene cassettes with a known genotoxic spleen focus forming virus promoter were used. Both vectors resulted in efficient marking in vivo and a total of 825 foamy and 460 lentiviral vector unique integration sites were recovered in repopulating cells 19 weeks after transplantation. Foamy vector proviruses were observed less often near RefSeq gene and proto-oncogene transcription start sites than lentiviral vectors. The foamy vector group were also more polyclonal with fewer dominant clones (two out of six mice) than the lentiviral vector group (eight out of eight mice), and only lentiviral vectors had integrants near known proto-oncogenes in dominant clones. Our data further support the relative safety of foamy vectors for HSC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Everson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Miles E Olzsko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - David J Leap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jonah D Hocum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Grant D Trobridge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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50
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[Current state and trend of precision medicine in thrombosis and hemostasis]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:627-32. [PMID: 27535870 PMCID: PMC7365000 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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