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Guo Z, Liu Y, Zhan S, Cao J, Wang L, Guo J, Li L, Zhang H, Zhong T. Expression patterns and DNA methylation profile of GTL2 gene in goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3617-3625. [PMID: 36911908 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2184698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene trap locus 2 (GTL2), a long non-coding paternal imprinting gene, participates in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, by regulating the transcription of target mRNA, which is tightly related to the growth of the organic and maintenance of function. In this study, DNA methylation patterns of CpG islands (CGI) of GTL2 were explored, and its expression level was quantified in six tissues, rumen epithelium cells, and skeletal muscle cells in goats. GTL2 expression levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the methylation model was confirmed by bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP). CGI methylation of GTL2 indicated a moderate methylation (ranging from 81.42 to 86.83%) in the brain, heart, liver, kidney, lung, and longissimus dorsi. GTL2 is most highly expressed in brain tissues, but there is no significant difference in the other five tissues. In addition, in the rumen epithelium cell proliferation, GTL2 expression was highest at 60 h, followed by 72 h, and almost unchanged at 12-48 h. In the skeletal muscle cell differentiation, GTL2 expression was highest at 0 and 24 h, significantly decreasing at 72 and 128 h. Pearson correlation analysis did not indicate a clear relationship between methylation and GTL2 expression levels, suggesting that other regulatory factors may modulate GTL2 expression. This study will provide a better understanding of the expression regulation mechanism of genes in the delta-like homolog 1 gene (DLK1)-GTL2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Li X, Zou C, Li M, Fang C, Li K, Liu Z, Li C. Transcriptome Analysis of In Vitro Fertilization and Parthenogenesis Activation during Early Embryonic Development in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101461. [PMID: 34680856 PMCID: PMC8535918 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenesis activation (PA), as an important artificial breeding method, can stably preserve the dominant genotype of a species. However, the delayed development of PA embryos is still overly severe and largely leads to pre-implantation failure in pigs. The mechanisms underlying the deficiencies of PA embryos have not been completely understood. For further understanding of the molecular mechanism behind PA embryo failure, we performed transcriptome analysis among pig oocytes (meiosis II, MII) and early embryos at three developmental stages (zygote, morula, and blastocyst) in vitro fertilization (IVF) and PA group. Totally, 11,110 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 4694 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) were identified, and most DEGs enriched the regulation of apoptotic processes. Through cis- and trans-manner functional prediction, we found that hub lincRNAs were mostly involved in abnormal parthenogenesis embryonic development. In addition, twenty DE imprinted genes showed that some paternally imprinted genes in IVF displayed higher expression than that in PA. Notably, we identified that three DELs of imprinted genes (MEST, PLAGL1, and DIRAS3) were up regulated in IVF, and there was no significant change in PA group. Disordered expression of key genes for embryonic development might play key roles in abnormal parthenogenesis embryonic development. Our study indicates that embryos derived from different production techniques have varied in vitro development to the blastocyst stage, and they also affect the transcription level of corresponding genes, such as imprinted genes. This work will help future research on these genes and molecular-assisted breeding for pig parthenotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengchi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kui Li
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (C.L.)
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3
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Hu X, Cheng L, Wang X, Luo G, Zhao T, Tian J, An L. N-acetyl-l-cysteine protects porcine oocytes undergoing meiotic resumption from heat stress. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 91:27-34. [PMID: 31698002 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is a notable risk factor for female reproductive performance. In particular, impaired oocyte maturation was thought to contribute largely to the HS-induced reproductive dysfunctions. In this study, we confirmed that oocytes undergoing GVBD were much susceptible to HS, and thus compromising subsequent embryonic development. Using N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), we found supplementation of a relatively high dose NAC during in vitro maturation, can protect oocytes from HS-induced complications, and thus rescuing impaired embryonic development. Further analysis indicated that mechanisms responsible for protecting GVBD oocytes from HS by NAC may include: (1) reversing disorganized spindle assembly and inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling; (2) correcting erroneous H3K27me3 modification and dysregulated expression of imprinted genes; (3) alleviating increased intraoocyte reactive oxygen species accumulation and apoptosis initiation. Our study, focusing on the oocyte meiotic maturation, may provide a safe and promising strategy for protecting reproductive sows under environmental hyperthermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linghua Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianqing Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei An
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Rutkowska K, Lukaszewicz M. Alterations to DNA structure as a cause of expression modifications of selected genes of known intrauterine-growth-restriction-association shared by chosen species - a review. Anim Genet 2019; 50:613-620. [PMID: 31571274 DOI: 10.1111/age.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The review aimed at searching for DNA structure markers of epigenetic modifications leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in three livestock species, mouse and human. IUGR affects mammals by harming their wellbeing and the profitability of breeding enterprises. Of the livestock species, we chose cow, pig and sheep owing to there being many reports on the epigenetics of IUGR. IUGR investigations in human and mouse are particularly numerous, as we are interested in our own wellbeing and the mouse is a model species. We decided to focus on five genes (Igf2r, Igf2, H19, Peg3 and Mest) of known IUGR association, reported in all of those species. Despite the abundance of papers on IUGR, naturally occurring mutations responsible for epigenetic modifications have been described only in human and cow. The effect of induced DNA structural modifications upon epigenetics has been described in mouse and pig. One paper regarding mouse was chosen from among those describing DNA modifications performed to obtain parthenogenetic progeny. Papers regarding pig parthenogenetic progeny described the epigenetics of genes involved in foetal development, with no interference with the genome structure. No reports on DNA modifications altering IUGR epigenetics in sheep were found. Only environmental effects were studied and we could not conclude from the experiment designs whether the gene setup could affect the expression of involved genes, as different populations were not included or not specified within particular experiments. Apparently, DNA markers of IUGR epigenetics exist. It has been reported that the small number of them, occurring naturally, may result from neglecting existing evidence of such selection or health status forecasting markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rutkowska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36a, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Marek Lukaszewicz
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36a, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
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5
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Chen X, Zhu Z, Yu F, Huang J, Jia R, Pan J. Effect of shRNA-mediated Xist knockdown on the quality of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:140-148. [PMID: 30055068 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parthenogenetically activated oocytes exhibit poor embryo development and lower total numbers of cells per blastocyst accompanied by abnormally increased expression of Xist, a long noncoding RNA that plays an important role in triggering X chromosome inactivation during embryogenesis. RESULTS To investigate whether knockdown of Xist influences parthenogenetic development in pigs. We developed an anti-Xist short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector, which can significantly inhibit Xist expression for at least seven days when injected at 12-13 hr after parthenogenetic activation. Embryonic cleavage, blastocyst formation, and total blastocyst cell numbers were compared during the blastocyst stage, as well as the expression of an X-linked gene and three pluripotent transcription factors. Knockdown of Xist significantly increases the total blastocyst cell number, but does not influence the rate of embryo cleavage and blastocyst formation. The expressions of Sox2, Nanog, and Oct4 were also significantly improved in the injected embryos compared with the control at the blastocyst stage, but the Foxp3 expression level was not increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides valuable information for understanding the role of Xist in parthenogenesis and presents a new approach for improving the quality of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Developmental Dynamics 248:140-148, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fuxian Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxin Jia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhi Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Wang D, Liu Z, Yao H, Hao Y, Zhou L, Du J, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Wang G, Song Y, Li Z. Disruption of NNAT, NAP1L5 and MKRN3 DNA methylation and transcription in rabbit parthenogenetic fetuses. Gene 2017; 626:158-162. [PMID: 28526651 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenetically activated oocytes cannot develop to term in mammals due to lack of paternal gene expression. Disruption of imprinted gene expression and DNA methylation status in parthenogenetic fetuses has been reported in mice and pigs, but not in rabbits. In this study, the genomic imprinting status of the paternally expressed genes Neuronatin (NNAT), Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 5 (NAP1L5), and Makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) was compared between rabbit parthenogenetic (PA) and normally fertilized fetuses (Con) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The results revealed a significantly reduced expression of NNAT, NAP1L5, and MKRN3 in rabbit PA fetuses compared with Con fetuses (p<0.05). In addition, the BSP results demonstrated hypermethylation in the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of NNAT, NAP1L5, and MKRN3 in rabbit PA fetuses. Taken together, these results suggest that hypermethylation of DMRs is associated with decreased NNAT, NAP1L5, and MKRN3 expression, which may be responsible for developmental failure of rabbit PA fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haobin Yao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yang Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jian Du
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Kaneda M, Takahashi M, Yamanaka KI, Saito K, Taniguchi M, Akagi S, Watanabe S, Nagai T. Epigenetic analysis of bovine parthenogenetic embryonic fibroblasts. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:365-375. [PMID: 28484201 PMCID: PMC5593088 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although more than 100 imprinted genes have already been identified in the mouse and human genomes, little is known about genomic imprinting in cattle. For a better understanding of these genes in cattle, parthenogenetically activated bovine blastocysts were transferred to recipient cows to obtain parthenotes, and fibroblasts derived from a Day 40 (Day 0 being the day of parthenogenetic activation) parthenogenetic embryo (BpEFs) were successfully obtained. Bovine embryonic fibroblasts (BEFs) were also isolated from a normal fertilized embryo obtained from an artificially inseminated cow. The expression of imprinted genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. Paternally expressed genes (PEGs) in mouse (viz., IGF2, PEG3, ZAC1, NDN, DLK1, SGCE, and PEG10) were expressed in BEFs, but not in BpEFs, suggesting that these genes are also imprinted in cattle. However, other PEGs in mouse (viz., IMPACT, MAGEL2, SNRPN, and PEG1/MEST) were expressed in both BEFs and BpEFs. These genes may not be imprinted in BEFs. The expression of seven maternally expressed genes in mouse was also analyzed, and only CDKN1C was not expressed in BpEFs. The DNA methylation patterns of repetitive elements (Satellite I, Satellite II, alpha-satellite, and Art2) were not different between the BEFs and BpEFs; however, the differentially methylated region (DMR) of paternally methylated H19 was hypomethylated, whereas those of maternally methylated PEG3 and PEG10 were hypermethylated in BpEFs, as expected. The methylation of the SNRPN DMR was not different between the BEFs and BpEFs, in accordance with the SNRPN expression levels in both cell types. The XIST gene, which is essential for X chromosome inactivation in females, was expressed in BpEFs, whereas its DMR was half-methylated, suggesting that X chromosome inactivation is normal in these cells. Microarray analysis was also applied to identify novel PEGs that should be expressed only in BEFs but not in BpEFs. More than 300 PEG candidate genes, including IGF2, PEG3, and PEG10, were obtained. These results illustrate the epigenetic characteristic of bovine parthenogenetic embryos and contribute to the identification of novel imprinted genes in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kaneda
- Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Koji Saito
- Kumamoto Prefectural Agriculture Research Center, Kumamoto 861-1113, Japan
| | - Masanori Taniguchi
- Kumamoto Prefectural Agriculture Research Center, Kumamoto 861-1113, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akagi
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
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Jiang Z, Dong H, Zheng X, Marjani SL, Donovan DM, Chen J, Tian XC. mRNA Levels of Imprinted Genes in Bovine In Vivo Oocytes, Embryos and Cross Species Comparisons with Humans, Mice and Pigs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17898. [PMID: 26638780 PMCID: PMC4671149 DOI: 10.1038/srep17898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-six imprinted genes were quantified in bovine in vivo produced oocytes and embryos using RNA-seq. Eighteen were detectable and their transcriptional patterns were: largely decreased (MEST and PLAGL1); first decreased and then increased (CDKN1C and IGF2R); peaked at a specific stage (PHLDA2, SGCE, PEG10, PEG3, GNAS, MEG3, DGAT1, ASCL2, NNAT, and NAP1L5); or constantly low (DIRAS3, IGF2, H19 and RTL1). These patterns reflect mRNAs that are primarily degraded, important at a specific stage, or only required at low quantities. The mRNAs for several genes were surprisingly abundant. For instance, transcripts for the maternally imprinted MEST and PLAGL1, were high in oocytes and could only be expressed from the maternal allele suggesting that their genomic imprints were not yet established/recognized. Although the mRNAs detected here were likely biallelically transcribed before the establishment of imprinted expression, the levels of mRNA during these critical stages of development have important functional consequences. Lastly, we compared these genes to their counterparts in mice, humans and pigs. Apart from previously known differences in the imprinting status, the mRNA levels were different among these four species. The data presented here provide a solid reference for expression profiles of imprinted genes in embryos produced using assisted reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Jiang
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Hong Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinbao Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Sadie L Marjani
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, 06050, USA
| | - David M Donovan
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiuchun Cindy Tian
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
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9
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Mouillet JF, Ouyang Y, Coyne CB, Sadovsky Y. MicroRNAs in placental health and disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S163-72. [PMID: 26428496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small noncoding RNAs that are encoded by the genomes of most organisms. They regulate gene expression through posttranscriptional mechanisms to attenuate protein output in various genetic networks. The discovery of miRNAs has transformed our understanding of gene regulation and sparked intense efforts intended to harness their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic tools. Over the last decade, a flurry of studies has shed light on placental miRNAs but has also raised many questions regarding the scope of their biologic action. Moreover, the recognition that miRNAs of placental origin are released continually in the maternal circulation throughout pregnancy suggested that circulating miRNAs might serve as biomarkers for placental function during pregnancy. Although this generated much enthusiasm, recently recognized challenges have delayed the application of miRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutics in clinical practice. In this review, we summarize key findings in the field and discuss current knowledge related to miRNAs in the context of placental biology.
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10
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Wang D, Yuan L, Sui T, Song Y, Lv Q, Wang A, Li Z, Lai L. Faithful expression of imprinted genes in donor cells of SCNT cloned pigs. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2066-72. [PMID: 26119041 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand if the genomic imprinting status of the donor cells is altered during the process of SCNT (somatic cell nuclear transfer), cloned pigs were produced by SCNT using PEF (porcine embryonic fibroblast) and P-PEF (parthenogenetic-PEF) cells as donors. Then, the gene expression and methylation patterns of H19, IGF2, NNAT and MEST were compared between PEF vs. C-PEF (cloned-PEF), P-PEF vs. CP-PEF (cloned-P-PEF), respectively. Taken together, the results revealed that there was no significant difference in the expression of imprinted genes and conserved genomic imprints between the donor and cloned cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tingting Sui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Anfeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Li X, Song N, Wang D, Han X, Lv Q, Ouyang H, Li Z. Isoform-specific imprinting of the MEST gene in porcine parthenogenetic fetuses. Gene 2015; 558:287-90. [PMID: 25598283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of imprinted genes is the main reason for developmental retardation in mammalian parthenogenetic fetuses. Mesoderm specific transcript (MEST) is a maternally imprinted gene that is linked to cancer and is necessary for normal early embryonic development. Tissue and isoform-specific imprinting of MEST have been identified in humans and mice, but have not yet been identified in pigs. In this study, the three isoforms of porcine MEST were identified using the GenBank and Ensembl sequence databases. Then, we determined MEST isoform-specific mRNA expression and methylation levels by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis (BSP) between porcine parthenogenetic (PA) and control (Con) fetuses, respectively. Altogether, our results demonstrated that the expression of MEST-1A and MEST-1B has no evident differences between PA and Con groups; however, there is no expression of MEST-1C in PA fetuses. In addition, the results of BSP showed that the hypermethylation of exon 1c of MEST-1C was observed in PA samples. Thus, we suggested that MEST-1C was isoform-specific imprinting, which may be contributed to differential methylation status of exon 1c in porcine fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Nan Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Chen X, Wang T, Lv Q, Wang A, Ouyang H, Li Z. DNA methylation-mediated silencing of neuronatin (NNAT) in pig parthenogenetic fetuses. Gene 2014; 552:204-8. [PMID: 25240791 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is generally believed that aberrant expression of imprinted genes participates in growth retardation of mammalian parthenogenesis. Neuronatin (NNAT), a paternally expressed gene, plays important roles in neuronal growth and metabolic regulation. Here we have compared the gene expression and promoter methylation pattern of NNAT between pig normally fertilized (Con) and parthenogenetic (PA) embryos. The results showed loss of NNAT expression (p<0.001) and hypermethylation of NNAT promoter in PA samples. Additionally, partial methylation was observed in Con fetuses, while almost full methylation and unmethylation of NNAT promoter were apparent in Metaphase II (MII) oocytes and mature sperms, respectively, which identified the CpG promoter region as a putative differentially methylated region (DMR) of NNAT. The data demonstrate that promoter hypermethylation is associated with the silencing of NNAT in pig PA fetuses, which may be related to developmental failure of pig parthenogenesis at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tiedong Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Anfeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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