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Zhao Y, Song J, Dong W, Liu X, Yang C, Wang D, Xue Y, Ruan X, Liu L, Wang P, Zhang M, Liu Y. The MBNL1/circNTRK2/PAX5 pathway regulates aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma cells by encoding a novel protein NTRK2-243aa. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:767. [PMID: 36064939 PMCID: PMC9445070 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common tumor of the human central nervous system. Aerobic glycolysis has been strongly related to tumor development and malignant behavior. In this study, we found that MBNL1, circNTRK2, and NTRK2-243aa were markedly downregulated and inhibited glycolysis in GBM, whereas PAX5 was upregulated and promoted glycolysis. Functionally, MBNL1 promoted the expression of circNTRK2 by binding to NTRK2 pre-mRNA, as validated using RNA pull-down and nascent RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Mass spectrometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining methods were used to detect the expression of NTRK2-243aa. NTRK2-243aa-encoded by circNTRK2-phosphorylated PAX5 at Y102, leading to the attenuation of the half-life of PAX5, as validated by in vitro kinase and MG132 rescue assays. Besides, PAX5 transcriptionally facilitated the expression of PKM2 and HK2 by binding to their promoter regions, as verified by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, overexpression of MBNL1 and circNTRK2 combined with PAX5 knockdown effectively inhibited the formation of GBM xenograft tumors and significantly prolonged the survival of orthotopic nude mice. We have delineated that the MBNL1/circNTRK2/PAX5 pathway plays a crucial role in regulating GBM glycolysis and could provide potential targets and alternative strategies for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Technology Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Jian Song
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Technology Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Technology Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Technology Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Technology Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Di Wang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Technology Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, 110004 China
| | - Yixue Xue
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Libo Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Ping Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004 China ,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Technology Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, 110004 China
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2
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Coexpression of TRPML1 and TRPML2 Mucolipin Channels Affects the Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147741. [PMID: 35887088 PMCID: PMC9321332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among brain cancers, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma with an extremely poor prognosis. It is characterized by high cell heterogeneity, which can be linked to its high malignancy. We have previously demonstrated that TRPML1 channels affect the OS of GBM patients. Herein, by RT-PCR, FACS and Western blot, we demonstrated that TRPML1 and TRPML2 channels are differently expressed in GBM patients and cell lines. Moreover, these channels partially colocalized in ER and lysosomal compartments in GBM cell lines, as evaluated by confocal analysis. Interestingly, the silencing of TRPML1 or TRPML2 by RNA interference results in the decrease in the other receptor at protein level. Moreover, the double knockdown of TRPML1 and TRPML2 leads to increased GBM cell survival with respect to single-channel-silenced cells, and improves migration and invasion ability of U251 cells. Finally, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high TRPML2 expression in absence of TRPML1 expression strongly correlates with short OS, whereas high TRPML1 associated with low TRPML2 mRNA expression correlates with longer OS in GBM patients. The worst OS in GBM patients is associated with the loss of both TRPML1 and TRPML2 channels.
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3
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Chen CC, Krogsaeter E, Kuo CY, Huang MC, Chang SY, Biel M. Endolysosomal cation channels point the way towards precision medicine of cancer and infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112751. [PMID: 35240524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and cancer are among the key medical challenges that humankind is facing today. A growing amount of evidence suggests that ion channels in the endolysosomal system play a crucial role in the pathology of both groups of diseases. The development of advanced patch-clamp technologies has allowed us to directly characterize ion fluxes through endolysosomal ion channels in their native environments. Endolysosomes are essential organelles for intracellular transport, digestion and metabolism, and maintenance of homeostasis. The endolysosomal ion channels regulate the function of the endolysosomal system through four basic mechanisms: calcium release, control of membrane potential, pH change, and osmolarity regulation. In this review, we put particular emphasis on the endolysosomal cation channels, including TPC2 and TRPML2, which are particularly important in monocyte function. We discuss existing endogenous and synthetic ligands of these channels and summarize current knowledge of their impact on channel activity and function in different cell types. Moreover, we summarize recent findings on the importance of TPC2 and TRPML2 channels as potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of the emerging infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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4
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Santoni G, Amantini C, Maggi F, Marinelli O, Santoni M, Morelli MB. The Mucolipin TRPML2 Channel Enhances the Sensitivity of Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines to Ibrutinib and/or Bortezomib Treatment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010107. [PMID: 35053255 PMCID: PMC8773734 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological B cell malignancy characterised by clonal proliferation of plasma cells and their accumulation in the bone marrow. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of biological effects of Ibrutinib in human MM cell lines alone or in combination with different doses of Bortezomib. In addition, the relationship between the expression of TRPML2 channels and chemosensitivity of different MM cell lines to Ibrutinib administered alone or in combination with Bortezomib has been evaluated. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, we found that the Ibrutinib-resistant U266 cells showed lower TRPML2 expression, whereas higher TRPML2 mRNA and protein levels were evidenced in RPMI cells. Moreover, TRPML2 gene silencing in RPMI cells markedly reverted the effects induced by Ibrutinib alone or in combination with Bortezomib suggesting that the sensitivity to Ibrutinib is TRPML2 mediated. In conclusion, this study suggests that the expression of TRPML2 in MM cells increases the sensitivity to Ibrutinib treatment, suggesting for a potential stratification of Ibrutinib sensitivity of MM patients on the basis of the TRPML2 expression. Furthermore, studies in vitro and in vivo should still be necessary to completely address the molecular mechanisms and the potential role of TRPML2 channels in therapy and prognosis of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
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5
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Santoni G, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Arcella A, Maggi F, Santoni M, Morelli MB. Functional In Vitro Assessment of VEGFA/NOTCH2 Signaling Pathway and pRB Proteasomal Degradation and the Clinical Relevance of Mucolipin TRPML2 Overexpression in Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020688. [PMID: 35054871 PMCID: PMC8775570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant glioma with an extremely poor prognosis. It is characterized by high vascularization and its growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. We have previously demonstrated that TRPML2 mucolipin channel expression increases with the glioma pathological grade. Herein by ddPCR and Western blot we found that the silencing of TRPML2 inhibits expression of the VEGFA/Notch2 angiogenic pathway. Moreover, the VEGFA/Notch2 expression increased in T98 and U251 cells stimulated with the TRPML2 agonist, ML2-SA1, or by enforced-TRPML2 levels. In addition, changes in TRPML2 expression or ML2-SA1-induced stimulation, affected Notch2 activation and VEGFA release. An increased invasion capability, associated with a reduced VEGF/VEGFR2 expression and increased vimentin and CD44 epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in siTRPML2, but not in enforced-TRPML2 or ML2-SA1-stimulated glioma cells, was demonstrated. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity to Doxorubicin cytotoxicity was demonstrated in siTRPML2, whereas ML2-SA1-treated GBM cells were more resistant. The role of proteasome in Cathepsin B-dependent and -independent pRB degradation in siTRPML2 compared with siGLO cells was studied. Finally, through Kaplan-Meier analysis, we found that high TRPML2 mRNA expression strongly correlates with short survival in GBM patients, supporting TRPML2 as a negative prognostic factor in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Arcella
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy;
| | - Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0737403319 (G.S.); +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.)
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6
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Wang H, Dong Y, Wan B, Ji Y, Xu Q. Identification and Characterization Analysis of Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin Protein of Laodelphax striatellus Fallén. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121107. [PMID: 34940195 PMCID: PMC8706664 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) protein in flies plays a pivotal role in Ca2+ ions release, resulting in membrane trafficking, autophagy and ion homeostasis. However, to date, the characterization of TRPML in agricultural pests remains unknown. Here, we firstly reported the TRPML of a destructive pest of gramineous crops, Laodelphax striatellus. The L. striatellus TRPML (Ls-TRPML) has a 1818 bp open reading frame, encoding 605 amino acid. TRPML in agricultural pests is evolutionarily conserved, and the expression of Ls-TRPML is predominately higher in the ovary than in other organs of L. striatellus at the transcript and protein level. The Bac-Bac system showed that Ls-TRPML localized in the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane and nucleus and co-localized with lysosome in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The immunofluorescence microscopy analysis showed that Ls-TRPML localized in the cytoplasm and around the nuclei of the intestine cells or ovary follicular cells of L. striatellus. The results from the lipid-binding assay revealed that Ls-TRPML strongly bound to phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, as compared with other phosphoinositides. Overall, our results helped is identify and characterize the TRPML protein of L. striatellus, shedding light on the function of TRPML in multiple cellular processes in agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-134-5181-6249 (H.W.); +86-133-2781-7381 (Q.X.)
| | - Yan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Baijie Wan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Coastal Area, Yancheng 224002, China;
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-134-5181-6249 (H.W.); +86-133-2781-7381 (Q.X.)
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7
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Chinigò G, Castel H, Chever O, Gkika D. TRP Channels in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:617801. [PMID: 33928077 PMCID: PMC8076903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.617801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma including glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common group of primary brain tumors. Despite standard optimized treatment consisting of extensive resection followed by radiotherapy/concomitant and adjuvant therapy, GBM remains one of the most aggressive human cancers. GBM is a typical example of intra-heterogeneity modeled by different micro-environmental situations, one of the main causes of resistance to conventional treatments. The resistance to treatment is associated with angiogenesis, hypoxic and necrotic tumor areas while heterogeneity would accumulate during glioma cell invasion, supporting recurrence. These complex mechanisms require a focus on potential new molecular actors to consider new treatment options for gliomas. Among emerging and underexplored targets, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels belonging to a superfamily of non-selective cation channels which play critical roles in the responses to a number of external stimuli from the external environment were found to be related to cancer development, including glioma. Here, we discuss the potential as biological markers of diagnosis and prognosis of TRPC6, TRPM8, TRPV4, or TRPV1/V2 being associated with glioma patient overall survival. TRPs-inducing common or distinct mechanisms associated with their Ca2+-channel permeability and/or kinase function were detailed as involving miRNA or secondary effector signaling cascades in turn controlling proliferation, cell cycle, apoptotic pathways, DNA repair, resistance to treatment as well as migration/invasion. These recent observations of the key role played by TRPs such as TRPC6 in GBM growth and invasiveness, TRPV2 in proliferation and glioma-stem cell differentiation and TRPM2 as channel carriers of cytotoxic chemotherapy within glioma cells, should offer new directions for innovation in treatment strategies of high-grade glioma as GBM to overcome high resistance and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Chinigò
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003 - PHYCEL, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Hélène Castel
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, DC2N, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Oana Chever
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, DC2N, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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8
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Zou X, Hu Z, Huang C, Chang J. A Seven-Gene Signature with Close Immune Correlation Was Identified for Survival Prediction of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924269. [PMID: 32613949 PMCID: PMC7350533 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma is the most life-threatening malignancy with high incidence and poor long-term survival. The crucial role of tumor immunity reveals the significance of exploring immune-related prognostic predictors in lung adenocarcinoma. Material/Methods Immune-related genes were screened out applying the ESTIMATE algorithm. The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) dataset was trained for the construction of Cox proportional hazard model. Univariate Cox and Lasso regression analysis was conducted to reduce the overfitting of model. Nomogram integrated the signature and clinicopathological characteristics was established for prognosis prediction of LUAD. The GSE30219, GSE41271, and GSE42127 datasets were analyzed for external validation. LUAD patients were separated into low-risk and high-risk subgroups based on the optimum cutoff threshold of calculated risk score. The predictive value of the signature was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Harrell’s C-index, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calibration curve. Clinical- and immune-correlation of the signature was further performed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed for functional exploration. Results An immune-related signature containing 7 genes was identified. The signature exhibited reliable performance in the prediction of overall survival for LUAD with the C-index being 0.72. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the model in 1-year risk prediction were 0.781, 0.797, 0.659, and 0.822 for TCGA-LUAD, GSE30219, GSE41271, and GSE42127 datasets, respectively. In all datasets, the signature proved to an independent risk factor for LUAD. Correlation analyses and GSEA further revealed the close relationship between the predictive biomarker and tumor immunity. Conclusions A Cox proportional hazard model consisting of 7 genes was identified for prognostic prediction of LUAD. The signature was highly correlated with immunity and deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihuang Hu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Changjing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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9
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Santoni G, Morelli MB, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Santoni M, Santoni A. Involvement of the TRPML Mucolipin Channels in Viral Infections and Anti-viral Innate Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:739. [PMID: 32425938 PMCID: PMC7212413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRPML channels (TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3), belonging to the mucolipin TRP subfamily, primary localize to a population of membrane-bonded vesicles along the endocytosis, and exocytosis pathways. Human viruses enter host cells by plasma membrane penetration or by receptor-mediated endocytosis. TRPML2 enhances the infectivity of a number of enveloped viruses by promoting virus vesicular trafficking and escape from endosomal compartment. TRPML2 expression is stimulated by interferon and by several toll like receptor (TLR) activators, suggesting a possible role in the activation of the innate immune response. Noteworthy, TRPML1 plays a major role in single strand RNA/DNA trafficking into lysosomes and the lack of TRPML1 impairs the TLR-7 and TLR-9 ligand transportation to lysosomes resulting in decreased dendritic cell maturation/activation and migration to the lymph nodes. TRPML channels are also expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of innate lymphocytes with an essential role during viral infections; recent findings have indicated a role of TRPML1-mediated modulation of secretory lysosomes in NK cells education. Moreover, as also NK cells express TLR recognizing viral pattern, an increased TLR-mediated activation of cytokine production can be envisaged, suggesting a dual role in the NK cell-mediated antiviral responses. Overall, TRPML channels might play a double-edged sword in resistance to viral infections: on one side they can promote virus cellular entry and infectivity; on the other side, by regulating TLR responses in the various immune cells, they contribute to enhance antiviral innate and possibly adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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10
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Santoni G, Santoni M, Maggi F, Marinelli O, Morelli MB. Emerging Role of Mucolipins TRPML Channels in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:659. [PMID: 32411610 PMCID: PMC7198773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Section of Immunopathology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- Section of Immunopathology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Section of Immunopathology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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11
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Plesch E, Chen CC, Butz E, Scotto Rosato A, Krogsaeter EK, Yinan H, Bartel K, Keller M, Robaa D, Teupser D, Holdt LM, Vollmar AM, Sippl W, Puertollano R, Medina D, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Bracher F, Grimm C. Selective agonist of TRPML2 reveals direct role in chemokine release from innate immune cells. eLife 2018; 7:39720. [PMID: 30479274 PMCID: PMC6257821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines are produced and secreted by a broad range of immune cells including macrophages. Remarkably, little is known about how these inflammatory mediators are released from the various immune cells. Here, the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML2 is shown to play a direct role in chemokine trafficking and secretion from murine macrophages. To demonstrate acute and direct involvement of TRPML2 in these processes, the first isoform-selective TRPML2 channel agonist was generated, ML2-SA1. ML2-SA1 was not only found to directly stimulate release of the chemokine CCL2 from macrophages but also to stimulate macrophage migration, thus mimicking CCL2 function. Endogenous TRPML2 is expressed in early/recycling endosomes as demonstrated by endolysosomal patch-clamp experimentation and ML2-SA1 promotes trafficking through early/recycling endosomes, suggesting CCL2 being transported and secreted via this pathway. These data provide a direct link between TRPML2 activation, CCL2 release and stimulation of macrophage migration in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Butz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Einar K Krogsaeter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hua Yinan
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Keller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Diego Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Rinkenberger N, Schoggins JW. Mucolipin-2 Cation Channel Increases Trafficking Efficiency of Endocytosed Viruses. mBio 2018; 9:e02314-17. [PMID: 29382735 PMCID: PMC5790917 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02314-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a cellular process commonly hijacked by viruses to enter cells. The stages of entry are well described for certain viruses, but the host factors that mediate each step are less well characterized. We previously identified endosomal cation channel mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2) as a host factor that promotes viral infection. Here, we assign a role for MCOLN2 in modulating viral entry. We show that MCOLN2 specifically promotes viral vesicular trafficking and subsequent escape from endosomal compartments. This mechanism requires channel activity, occurs independently of antiviral signaling, and broadly applies to enveloped RNA viruses that require transport to late endosomes for infection, including influenza A virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus. We further identify a rare allelic variant of human MCOLN2 that has a loss-of-function phenotype with respect to viral enhancement. These findings establish a mechanistic link between an endosomal cation channel and late stages of viral entry.IMPORTANCE Viruses must co-opt cellular processes to complete their life cycle. To enter cells, viruses frequently take advantage of cellular receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways. A growing number of host proteins are implicated in these viral uptake pathways. Here, we describe a new role for the gated cation channel MCOLN2 in viral entry. This endosomal protein modulates viral entry by enhancing the efficiency of viral trafficking through the endosomal system. Thus, MCOLN2-mediated enhancement of infection may represent a key vulnerability in the viral life cycle that could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rinkenberger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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13
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Overexpression of transient receptor potential mucolipin-2 ion channels in gliomas: role in tumor growth and progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43654-43668. [PMID: 27248469 PMCID: PMC5190050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) superfamily consists of cation-selective and non-selective ion channels playing an important role both in sensory physiology and in physiopathology in several complex diseases including cancers. Among TRP family, the mucolipin (TRPML1, −2, and −3) channels represent a distinct subfamily of endosome/lysosome Ca2+ channel proteins. Loss-of-function mutations in human TRPML-1 gene cause a neurodegenerative disease, Mucolipidosis Type IV, whereas at present no pathology has been associated to human TRPML-2 channels. Herein we found that human TRPML-2 is expressed both in normal astrocytes and neural stem/progenitor cells. By quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, cytofluorimetric and immunohistochemistry analysis we also demonstrated that TRPML-2 mRNA and protein are expressed at different levels in glioma tissues and high-grade glioma cell lines of astrocytic origin. TRPML-2 mRNA and protein levels increased with the pathological grade, starting from pylocitic astrocytoma (grade I) to glioblastoma (grade IV). Moreover, by RNA interference, we demonstrated a role played by TRPML-2 in survival and proliferation of glioma cell lines. In fact, knock-down of TRPML-2 inhibited the viability, altered the cell cycle, reduced the proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death in glioma cell lines. The DNA damage and apoptosis induced by TRPML-2 loss increased Ser139 H2AX phosphorylation and induced caspase-3 activation; furthermore, knock-down of TRPML-2 in T98 and U251 glioma cell lines completely abrogated Akt and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, as compared to untreated cells. Overall, the high TRPML-2 expression in glioma cells resulted in increased survival and proliferation signaling, suggesting a pro-tumorigenic role played by TRPML-2 in glioma progression.
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14
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Di Paola S, Scotto-Rosato A, Medina DL. TRPML1: The Ca (2+)retaker of the lysosome. Cell Calcium 2017; 69:112-121. [PMID: 28689729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Efficient functioning of lysosome is necessary to ensure the correct performance of a variety of intracellular processes such as degradation of cargoes coming from the endocytic and autophagic pathways, recycling of organelles, and signaling mechanisms involved in cellular adaptation to nutrient availability. Mutations in lysosomal genes lead to more than 50 lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Among them, mutations in the gene encoding TRPML1 (MCOLN1) cause Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), a recessive LSD characterized by neurodegeneration, psychomotor retardation, ophthalmologic defects and achlorhydria. At the cellular level, MLIV patient fibroblasts show enlargement and engulfment of the late endo-lysosomal compartment, autophagy impairment, and accumulation of lipids and glycosaminoglycans. TRPML1 is the most extensively studied member of a small family of genes that also includes TRPML2 and TRPML3, and it has been found to participate in vesicular trafficking, lipid and ion homeostasis, and autophagy. In this review we will provide an update on the latest and more novel findings related to the functions of TRPMLs, with particular focus on the emerging role of TRPML1 and lysosomal calcium signaling in autophagy. Moreover, we will also discuss new potential therapeutic approaches for MLIV and LSDs based on the modulation of TRPML1-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Paola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli ,NA, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto-Rosato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli ,NA, Italy
| | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli ,NA, Italy.
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15
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Almamun M, Levinson BT, van Swaay AC, Johnson NT, McKay SD, Arthur GL, Davis JW, Taylor KH. Integrated methylome and transcriptome analysis reveals novel regulatory elements in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenetics 2016; 10:882-90. [PMID: 26308964 PMCID: PMC4622668 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1078050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children under the age of 15. In addition to genetic aberrations, epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation are altered in cancer and impact gene expression. To identify epigenetic alterations in ALL, genome-wide methylation profiles were generated using the methylated CpG island recovery assay followed by next-generation sequencing. More than 25,000 differentially methylated regions (DMR) were observed in ALL patients with ∼90% present within intronic or intergenic regions. To determine the regulatory potential of the DMR, whole-transcriptome analysis was performed and integrated with methylation data. Aberrant promoter methylation was associated with the altered expression of genes involved in transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Novel enhancer-like sequences were identified within intronic and intergenic DMR. Aberrant methylation in these regions was associated with the altered expression of neighboring genes involved in cell cycle processes, lymphocyte activation and apoptosis. These genes include potential epi-driver genes, such as SYNE1, PTPRS, PAWR, HDAC9, RGCC, MCOLN2, LYN, TRAF3, FLT1, and MELK, which may provide a selective advantage to leukemic cells. In addition, the differential expression of epigenetic modifier genes, pseudogenes, and non-coding RNAs was also observed accentuating the role of erroneous epigenetic gene regulation in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Almamun
- a Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences ; University of Missouri-Columbia ; Columbia , MO USA
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16
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Cuajungco MP, Silva J, Habibi A, Valadez JA. The mucolipin-2 (TRPML2) ion channel: a tissue-specific protein crucial to normal cell function. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:177-92. [PMID: 26336837 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the TRPML subfamily of ion channels has created an exciting niche in the fields of membrane trafficking, signal transduction, autophagy, and metal homeostasis. The TRPML protein subfamily consists of three members, TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3, which are encoded by MCOLN1, MCOLN2, and MCOLN3 genes, respectively. They are non-selective cation channels with six predicted transmembrane domains and intracellular amino- and carboxyl-terminus regions. They localize to the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes of cells. TRPML1 is associated with the human lysosomal storage disease known as mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), but TRPML2 and TRPML3 have not been linked with a human disease. Although TRPML1 is expressed in many tissues, TRPML3 is expressed in a varied but limited set of tissues, while TRPML2 has a more limited expression pattern where it is mostly detected in lymphoid and myeloid tissues. This review focuses on TRPML2 because it appears to play an important, yet unrecognized role in the immune system. While the evidence has been mostly indirect, we present and discuss relevant data that strengthen the connection of TRPML2 with cellular immunity. We also discuss the functional redundancy between the TRPML proteins, and how such features could be exploited as a potential therapeutic strategy for MLIV disease. We present evidence that TRPML2 expression may complement certain phenotypic alterations in MLIV cells and briefly examine the challenges of functional complementation. In conclusion, the function of TRPML2 still remains obscure, but emerging data show that it may serve a critical role in immune cell development and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Math P Cuajungco
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA. .,Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
| | - Joshua Silva
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Ania Habibi
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Jessica A Valadez
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
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