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Gacad JLJ, Tanabe-Hosoi S, Yurlova NI, Urabe M. The complete mitogenome of Echinoparyphium aconiatum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) and a comparison with other digenean species. Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Sequence analyses of mitochondrial gene may support the existence of cryptic species within Ascaridia galli. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e39. [PMID: 35641879 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x2200030x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ascaridia galli (Nematoda: Ascaridiidae) is the most common intestinal roundworm of chickens and other birds with a worldwide distribution. Although A. galli has been extensively studied, knowledge of the genetic variation of this parasite in detail is still insufficient. The present study examined genetic variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene among A. galli isolates (n = 26) from domestic chickens in Hunan Province, China. A portion of the cox1 (pcox1) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction separately from adult A. galli individuals and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The length of the sequences of pcox1 is 441 bp. Although the intra-specific sequence variation within A. galli is 0-7.7%, the inter-specific sequence differences among other members of the infraorder Ascaridomorpha were 11.4-18.9%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the maximum likelihood method using the sequences of pcox1 confirmed that all of the Ascaridia isolates were A. galli, and also resolved three distinct clades. Taken together, the findings suggest that A. galli may represent a complex of cryptic species. Our results provide an additional genetic marker for the management of A. galli in chickens and other birds.
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The Mitochondrial Genome of a Freshwater Pelagic Amphipod Macrohectopus branickii Is among the Longest in Metazoa. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122030. [PMID: 34946978 PMCID: PMC8700879 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 350 species of amphipods (Crustacea) in Lake Baikal, which have emerged predominantly through the course of endemic radiation. This group represents a remarkable model for studying various aspects of evolution, one of which is the evolution of mitochondrial (mt) genome architectures. We sequenced and assembled the mt genome of a pelagic Baikalian amphipod species Macrohectopus branickii. The mt genome is revealed to have an extraordinary length (42,256 bp), deviating significantly from the genomes of other amphipod species and the majority of animals. The mt genome of M. branickii has a unique gene order within amphipods, duplications of the four tRNA genes and Cox2, and a long non-coding region, that makes up about two thirds of the genome’s size. The extension of the mt genome was most likely caused by multiple duplications and inversions of regions harboring ribosomal RNA genes. In this study, we analyzed the patterns of mt genome length changes in amphipods and other animal phyla. Through a statistical analysis, we demonstrated that the variability in the mt genome length may be a characteristic of certain phyla and is primarily conferred by expansions of non-coding regions.
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Cheng XZ, Jin D, Duan LL, Xu WS, Pan HC. The complete mitochondrial genome of a planarian flatworm Girardia tigrina (Tricladida: Dugesiidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:2615-2616. [PMID: 34409156 PMCID: PMC8366619 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1962757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Girardia tigrina, a freshwater planarian species native to America and introduced to other continents, has been usually used as model organism in many research fields of biology. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of G. tigrina using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The complete mitogenome was 15,938 bp in length, with 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 transfer RNAs, and ATP8 was absent in the mitogenome of G. tigrina as in the mitogenomes of some other flatworms. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree suggested that G. tigrina was closely related to genus Dugesia in the clade of Tricladida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhen Cheng
- College of Life sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Dan Jin
- College of Life sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Li-Li Duan
- College of Life sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Wen-Song Xu
- College of Life sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hong-Chun Pan
- College of Life sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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5
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Yonezawa R, Itoi S, Igarashi Y, Yoshitake K, Oyama H, Kinoshita S, Suo R, Yokobori S, Sugita H, Asakawa S. Characterization and phylogenetic position of two sympatric sister species of toxic flatworms Planocera multitentaculata and Planocera reticulata (Platyhelminthes: Acotylea). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1730255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yonezawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Itoi
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Igarashi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Oyama
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Suo
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yokobori
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugita
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Monnens M, Thijs S, Briscoe AG, Clark M, Frost EJ, Littlewood DTJ, Sewell M, Smeets K, Artois T, Vanhove MPM. The first mitochondrial genomes of endosymbiotic rhabdocoels illustrate evolutionary relaxation of atp8 and genome plasticity in flatworms. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:454-469. [PMID: 32512097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The first three mitochondrial (mt) genomes of endosymbiotic turbellarian flatworms are characterised for the rhabdocoels Graffilla buccinicola, Syndesmis echinorum and S. kurakaikina. Interspecific comparison of the three newly obtained sequences and the only previously characterised rhabdocoel, the free-living species Bothromesostoma personatum, reveals high mt genomic variability, including numerous rearrangements. The first intrageneric comparison within rhabdocoels shows that gene order is not fully conserved even between congeneric species. Atp8, until recently assumed absent in flatworms, was putatively annotated in two sequences. Selection pressure was tested in a phylogenetic framework and is shown to be significantly relaxed in this and another protein-coding gene: cox1. If present, atp8 appears highly derived in platyhelminths and its functionality needs to be addressed in future research. Our findings for the first time allude to a large degree of undiscovered (mt) genomic plasticity in rhabdocoels. It merits further attention whether this variation is correlated with a symbiotic lifestyle. Our results illustrate that this phenomenon is widespread in flatworms as a whole and not exclusive to the better-studied neodermatans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Monnens
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Environmental Biology, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Andrew G Briscoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Miriam Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Emily Joy Frost
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - D Tim J Littlewood
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Mary Sewell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karen Smeets
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tom Artois
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tsuyuki A, Kajihara H. A giant new species of Enchiridium (Polycladida, Prosthiostomidae) from southwestern Japan. Zookeys 2020; 918:15-28. [PMID: 32210663 PMCID: PMC7082371 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.918.47061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of polyclad flatworm, Enchiridiumdaidaisp. nov., from the rocky subtidal zone in the East China Sea along the coasts of the Kyushu and Okinawa Islands, Japan. Enchiridiumdaidaisp. nov. is characterized by i) the entire periphery of the dorsal surface narrowly fringed with orange, ii) a marginal-eyespot band extending to the position of the mouth (about anterior one-eighth of body), and iii) two prostatic vesicles covered by a common muscle sheath, which is penetrated by the ejaculatory duct. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 945-bp 28S rDNA sequences of 16 species of Prosthiostomidae currently available in public databases in addition to those of E.daidaisp. nov. and Prosthiostomumtorquatum Tsuyuki et al., 2019. In the resulting tree, our new species was nested in a clade composed of Enchiridium species. The tree topology was in favor of a taxonomic view that Enchiridium should be defined by having i) a common muscle sheath that encloses two prostatic vesicles and ii) marginal eyespots that may or may not surround the periphery of the dorsal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Tsuyuki
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajihara
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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Probing recalcitrant problems in polyclad evolution and systematics with novel mitochondrial genome resources. Genomics 2018; 111:343-355. [PMID: 29486209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For their apparent morphological simplicity, the Platyhelminthes or "flatworms" are a diverse clade found in a broad range of habitats. Their body plans have however made them difficult to robustly classify. Molecular evidence is only beginning to uncover the true evolutionary history of this clade. Here we present nine novel mitochondrial genomes from the still undersampled orders Polycladida and Rhabdocoela, assembled from short Illumina reads. In particular we present for the first time in the literature the mitochondrial sequence of a Rhabdocoel, Bothromesostoma personatum (Typhloplanidae, Mesostominae). The novel mitochondrial genomes examined generally contained the 36 genes expected in the Platyhelminthes, with all possessing 12 of the 13 protein-coding genes normally found in metazoan mitochondrial genomes (ATP8 being absent from all Platyhelminth mtDNA sequenced to date), along with two ribosomal RNA genes. The majority presented possess 22 transfer RNA genes, and a single tRNA gene was absent from two of the nine assembled genomes. By comparison of mitochondrial gene order and phylogenetic analysis of the protein coding and ribosomal RNA genes contained within these sequences with those of previously sequenced species we are able to gain a firm molecular phylogeny for the inter-relationships within this clade. Our phylogenetic reconstructions, using both nucleotide and amino acid sequences under several models and both Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods, strongly support the monophyly of Polycladida, and the monophyly of Acotylea and Cotylea within that clade. They also allow us to speculate on the early emergence of Macrostomida, the monophyly of a "Turbellarian-like" clade, the placement of Rhabditophora, and that of Platyhelminthes relative to the Lophotrochozoa (=Spiralia). The data presented here therefore represent a significant advance in our understanding of platyhelminth phylogeny, and will form the basis of a range of future research in the still-disputed classifications within this taxon.
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Egger B, Bachmann L, Fromm B. Atp8 is in the ground pattern of flatworm mitochondrial genomes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:414. [PMID: 28549457 PMCID: PMC5446695 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, mitochondrial genomes of more than one hundred flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have been sequenced. They show a high degree of similarity and a strong taxonomic bias towards parasitic lineages. The mitochondrial gene atp8 has not been confidently annotated in any flatworm sequenced to date. However, sampling of free-living flatworm lineages is incomplete. We addressed this by sequencing the mitochondrial genomes of the two small-bodied (about 1 mm in length) free-living flatworms Stenostomum sthenum and Macrostomum lignano as the first representatives of the earliest branching flatworm taxa Catenulida and Macrostomorpha respectively. Results We have used high-throughput DNA and RNA sequence data and PCR to establish the mitochondrial genome sequences and gene orders of S. sthenum and M. lignano. The mitochondrial genome of S. sthenum is 16,944 bp long and includes a 1,884 bp long inverted repeat region containing the complete sequences of nad3, rrnS, and nine tRNA genes. The model flatworm M. lignano has the smallest known mitochondrial genome among free-living flatworms, with a length of 14,193 bp. The mitochondrial genome of M. lignano lacks duplicated genes, however, tandem repeats were detected in a non-coding region. Mitochondrial gene order is poorly conserved in flatworms, only a single pair of adjacent ribosomal or protein-coding genes – nad4l-nad4 – was found in S. sthenum and M. lignano that also occurs in other published flatworm mitochondrial genomes. Unexpectedly, we unambiguously identified the full metazoan mitochondrial protein-coding gene complement including atp8 in S. sthenum and M. lignano. A subsequent search detected atp8 in all mitochondrial genomes of polyclad flatworms published to date, although the gene wasn’t previously annotated in these species. Conclusions Manual, but not automated genome annotation revealed the presence of atp8 in basally branching free-living flatworms, signifying both the importance of manual data curation and of diverse taxon sampling. We conclude that the loss of atp8 within flatworms is restricted to the parasitic taxon Neodermata. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3807-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Egger
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lutz Bachmann
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bastian Fromm
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
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Bahia J, Padula V, Schrödl M. Polycladida phylogeny and evolution: integrating evidence from 28S rDNA and morphology. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-017-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Mitochondrial genome of the Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus giganteus (Annelida: Serpulidae) reveals a high substitution rate among annelids. Gene 2017; 605:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Rosa MT, Oliveira DS, Loreto EL. Characterization of the first mitochondrial genome of a catenulid flatworm:Stenostomum leucops(Platyhelminthes). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel S. Oliveira
- Curso Ciências Biológicas; Univ. Fed. de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Elgion L.S. Loreto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; CCNE; Univ. Fed. de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
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Dong Y, Zhu L, Bai Y, Ou Y, Wang C. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two flat-backed millipedes by next-generation sequencing (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Zookeys 2017:1-20. [PMID: 28138271 PMCID: PMC5240118 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.637.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of mitochondrial genome data from myriapods is hampering progress across genetic, systematic, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Here, the complete mitochondrial genomes of two millipedes, Asiomorphacoarctata Saussure, 1860 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) and Xystodesmus sp. (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) were assembled with high coverage using Illumina sequencing data. The mitochondrial genomes of the two newly sequenced species are circular molecules of 15,644 bp and 15,791 bp, within which the typical mitochondrial genome complement of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and two ribosomal RNA genes could be identified. The mitochondrial genome of Asiomorphacoarctata is the first complete sequence in the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) and the gene order of the two flat-backed millipedes is novel among known myriapod mitochondrial genomes. Unique translocations have occurred, including inversion of one half of the two genomes with respect to other millipede genomes. Inversion of the entire side of a genome (trnF-nad5-trnH-nad4-nad4L, trnP, nad1-trnL2-trnL1-rrnL-trnV-rrnS, trnQ, trnC and trnY) could constitute a common event in the order Polydesmida. Last, our phylogenetic analyses recovered the monophyletic Progoneata, subphylum Myriapoda and four internal classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Yongyue Ou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Changbao Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
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Gammoudi M, Salvenmoser W, Tekaya S, Egger B. Ultrastructure of the ovary and oogenesis in the flatwormProsthiostomum siphunculus(Polycladida, Cotylea). Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1174-1186. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrez Gammoudi
- Université de Tunis El manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; UR11ES12 Biologie de la reproduction et du Développement animal; 2092 El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Research Unit Evolutionary Developmental Biology; Institute of Zoology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstr. 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Saïda Tekaya
- Université de Tunis El manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; UR11ES12 Biologie de la reproduction et du Développement animal; 2092 El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Bernhard Egger
- Research Unit Evolutionary Developmental Biology; Institute of Zoology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstr. 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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