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Cella L, Monti S, Pacelli R, Palma G. Modeling frameworks for radiation induced lymphopenia: A critical review. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:110041. [PMID: 38042499 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is a frequent, and often considered unavoidable, side effect of radiation therapy (RT), whether or not chemotherapy is included. However, in the last few years several studies have demonstrated the detrimental effect of RIL on therapeutic outcomes, with conflicting findings concerning possible inferior patient survival. In addition, since immunotherapeutic treatment has become an integral part of cancer therapy, preserving the immune system is recognized as crucial. Given this background, various research groups have reported on different frameworks for modelling RIL, frequently based on different definitions of RIL itself, and discordant results have been reported. Our aim is to critically review the current literature on RIL modelling and summarize the different approaches recently proposed to improve the prediction of RIL after RT and aimed at immunity-sparing RT. A detailed description of these approaches will be outlined and illustrated through their applications as found in the literature from the last five years. Such a critical analysis represents the necessary starting step to develop an effective strategy that ultimately could harmonize the diverse modelling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Serena Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
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Alves AA, Laurinho K, Franco FC, de Araujo Nascimento F, Nunes HF, de Melo E Silva D. The Incidence of the XRCC1 rs25487 and PON1 rs662 Polymorphisms in a Population from Central Brazil: Patterns in an Area with a High Level of Agricultural Activity. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1675-1703. [PMID: 36725786 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, high levels of agricultural activity are reflected in the consumption of enormous amounts of pesticides. The production of grain in Brazil has been estimated at 289.8 million tons in the 2022 harvest, an expansion of 14.7% compared with 2021. These advances are likely associated with a progressive increase in the occupational exposure of a population to pesticides. The Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) is involved in liver detoxification; the rs662 variant of this gene modifies the activity of the enzyme. The repair of pesticide-induced genetic damage depends on the protein produced by the X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 gene (XRCC). Its function is impaired due to an rs25487 variant. The present study describes the frequencies of the rs662 and rs25487 and their haplotypes in a sample population from Goiás, Brazil. It compares the frequencies with other populations worldwide to verify the variation in the distribution of these SNPs, with 494 unrelated individuals in the state of Goiás. The A allele of the rs25487 variant had a frequency of 26% in the Goiás population, and the modified rs662 G allele had a frequency of 42.8%. Four haplotypes were recorded for the rs25487 (G > A) and rs662 (A > G) markers, with a frequency of 11.9% being recorded for the A-G haplotype (both modified alleles), 30.8% for the G-G haplotype, 14.3% for the A-A haplotype, and 42.8% for the G-A haplotype (both wild-type alleles). We demonstrated the distribution of important SNPs associated with pesticide exposure in an area with a high agricultural activity level, Central Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arruda Alves
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Késsia Laurinho
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Animal Virology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Araujo Nascimento
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Hugo Freire Nunes
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biodiversity, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Go, Brazil.
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Campus Samambaia, Genetics Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, Goiania, GO, CEP: 74690900, Brazil.
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Identifying Circulating Tumor DNA Mutations Associated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Efficacy in Local Advanced Breast Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3961-3973. [PMID: 35579744 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) correlates with tumor burden and provides early detection of treatment response and tumor genetic alterations in breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become standard therapy for local advanced breast cancer (LABC). The aim of our study was to investigate plasma ctDNA as a prognostic marker for outcome in patients with LABC treated with NACT. A total of 56 patients with LABC were involved in this study. ctDNA mutations were investigated by using a 100 gene panel-target capture next-generation sequencing. The patients then received standard NACT therapy: adriamycin and cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel (AC-T) or AC-TH (AC-T+ Trastuzumab) regimen. The efficacy of NACT was evaluated by Miller-Payne grading system. A predictive and weight model was used to screen ctDNA point mutation biomarkers for NACT. The ctDNA mutational profile of LABC patients was identified. For nonsynonymous mutations, the top 5 mutated genes were MTHFR (51/56, 91.1%), XPC (50/56, 89.3%), ABCB1 (48/51, 94.1%), BRCA2 (38/56, 67.9%), and XRCC1 (38/56, 67.9%). In addition, the mutation frequencies of PIK3CA and TP53 were 32.1% (18/56) and 26.8% (15/56), respectively. The predictive model indicated that XRCC1 44055726 (TG>-) mutation (25/56, 44.6%) was significantly associated with Miller-Payne 4-5 and Miller-Payne 3-5 responses. While mTOR 11249132(G>C) mutation (23/56, 41.1%) was associated with Miller-Payne 1-4 or Miller-Payne 1-3 responses. Furthermore, XRCC1 44055726 (TG>-) accompanied by mTOR wild type predicted a good NACT efficacy in all response classification systems. The ROC curves to discriminate good neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficiency (Miller-Payne 4-5) and poor efficiency (Miller-Payne 1-3) were created, and AUC value was 0.77. Our results suggested that ctDNA mutation of XRCC1 44055726 (TG>-) might be a positive biomarker for NACT therapy in LABC, while mTOR 11249132(G>C) mutation was potentially associated with NACT resistance.
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On the interplay between dosiomics and genomics in radiation-induced lymphopenia of lung cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2021; 167:219-225. [PMID: 34979216 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the interplay between spatial dose patterns and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the development of radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) in 186 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy (RT). METHODS This study included NSCLC patients enrolled in a randomized trial of protons vs. photons with available absolute lymphocyte counts at baseline and during RT and XRCC1-rs25487 genotyping data. After masking the GTV, planning CT scans and dose maps were spatially normalized to a common anatomical reference. A Voxel-Based Analysis (VBA) was performed to assess voxel-wise relationships of dosiomic and genomic explanatory variables with RIL. The underlying generalized linear model was designed to include both the explanatory variables (3D dose distributions and the XRCC1-rs25487 genotypes) and possible nuisance variables significantly correlated with RIL. The maps of model coefficients as well as their significance maps were generated. RESULTS Measures for RIL definition during RT were characterized, including kinetic parameters for lymphocyte loss. The VBA generated three-dimensional maps of correlation between RIL and dose in lymphoid organs as well as organs with abundant blood pools. The identified voxel-wise relationships account for XRCC1-rs25487 polymorphism and demonstrate the variant AA genotype being detrimental to lymphocyte depletion (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The performed analyses blindly highlighted relevant anatomical regions that contributed most to lymphocyte depletion during RT and the interplay of the variant XRCC1-rs25487 AA genotype with the dose delivered to the primary lymphoid organs. These findings may help to guide the development of dosimetric RIL mitigation strategies for the application of effective individualized RT.
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Liu Y, Zheng C, Huang Y, He M, Xu WW, Li B. Molecular mechanisms of chemo- and radiotherapy resistance and the potential implications for cancer treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:315-340. [PMID: 34766149 PMCID: PMC8554658 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery is the primary treatment approach for cancer, but the survival rate is very low due to the rapid progression of the disease and presence of local and distant metastasis at diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are important components of the multidisciplinary approaches for cancer treatment. However, resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy may result in treatment failure or even cancer recurrence. Radioresistance in cancer is often caused by the repair response to radiation-induced DNA damage, cell cycle dysregulation, cancer stem cells (CSCs) resilience, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Understanding the molecular alterations that lead to radioresistance may provide new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Patients who develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs cannot benefit from the cytotoxicity induced by the prescribed drug and will likely have a poor outcome with these treatments. Chemotherapy often shows a low response rate due to various drug resistance mechanisms. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance and chemoresistance in cancer and discusses recent developments in therapeutic strategies targeting chemoradiotherapy resistance to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Can‐Can Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yun‐Na Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineNational Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ming‐Liang He
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineNational Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
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Abd EL-Hassib DM, Zidan MA, El Amawy MM, Hegazy HA, Ameen SG. Polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg399Gln may predict for development of end-stage renal disease. A PCR confirmed case-control study. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Dulong J, Kouakou C, Mesloub Y, Rorteau J, Moratille S, Chevalier FP, Vinasco-Sandoval T, Martin MT, Lamartine J. NFATC2 Modulates Radiation Sensitivity in Dermal Fibroblasts From Patients With Severe Side Effects of Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589168. [PMID: 33392083 PMCID: PMC7772431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that 5 to 15% of radiotherapy patients exhibit severe side-effects in non-cancerous tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly known, and the links between cellular and tissue radiosensitivity are still debated. We here studied fibroblasts from non-irradiated skin of patients with severe sequelae of radiotherapy, to determine whether specific basal cell activities might be involved in susceptibility to side-effects in normal tissues. Compared to control cells, patient fibroblasts exhibited higher radiosensitivity together with defects in DNA repair. Transcriptome profiling of dermal fibroblasts from 16 radiotherapy patients with severe side-effects and 8 healthy individuals identified 540 genes specifically deregulated in the patients. Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATC2) was the most differentially expressed gene, poorly expressed at both transcript and protein level, whereas the NFATC2 gene region was hypermethylated. Furthermore, NFATC2 expression correlated with cell survival after irradiation. Finally, silencing NFATC2 in normal cells by RNA interference led to increased cellular radiosensitivity and defects in DNA repair. This study demonstrates that patients with clinical hypersensitivity also exhibit intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity in their normal skin cells. It further reveals a new role for NFATC2 as a potential regulator of cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Dulong
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Kouakou
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Yasmina Mesloub
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Julie Rorteau
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Moratille
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Fabien P. Chevalier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Tatiana Vinasco-Sandoval
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Michèle T. Martin
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
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Vinnikov V, Hande MP, Wilkins R, Wojcik A, Zubizarreta E, Belyakov O. Prediction of the Acute or Late Radiation Toxicity Effects in Radiotherapy Patients Using Ex Vivo Induced Biodosimetric Markers: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E285. [PMID: 33339312 PMCID: PMC7766345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A search for effective methods for the assessment of patients' individual response to radiation is one of the important tasks of clinical radiobiology. This review summarizes available data on the use of ex vivo cytogenetic markers, typically used for biodosimetry, for the prediction of individual clinical radiosensitivity (normal tissue toxicity, NTT) in cells of cancer patients undergoing therapeutic irradiation. In approximately 50% of the relevant reports, selected for the analysis in peer-reviewed international journals, the average ex vivo induced yield of these biodosimetric markers was higher in patients with severe reactions than in patients with a lower grade of NTT. Also, a significant correlation was sometimes found between the biodosimetric marker yield and the severity of acute or late NTT reactions at an individual level, but this observation was not unequivocally proven. A similar controversy of published results was found regarding the attempts to apply G2- and γH2AX foci assays for NTT prediction. A correlation between ex vivo cytogenetic biomarker yields and NTT occurred most frequently when chromosome aberrations (not micronuclei) were measured in lymphocytes (not fibroblasts) irradiated to relatively high doses (4-6 Gy, not 2 Gy) in patients with various grades of late (not early) radiotherapy (RT) morbidity. The limitations of existing approaches are discussed, and recommendations on the improvement of the ex vivo cytogenetic testing for NTT prediction are provided. However, the efficiency of these methods still needs to be validated in properly organized clinical trials involving large and verified patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada;
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Room 515, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eduardo Zubizarreta
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
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Xie X, Lin SH, Welsh JW, Wei X, Jin H, Mohan R, Liao Z, Xu T. Radiation-induced lymphopenia during chemoradiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer is linked with age, lung V5, and XRCC1 rs25487 genotypes in lymphocytes. Radiother Oncol 2020; 154:187-193. [PMID: 32916236 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE We investigated clinical and genetic factors associated with severe radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) in a randomized clinical trial of photon vs. proton radiation, with chemotherapy, for non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS XRCC1 rs25487 was genotyped in lymphocytes from serial peripheral blood samples. Severe RIL was defined as absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) < 0.3 × 109 cells/L. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors, which were then used to group patients for risk of severe RIL. RESULTS Univariate analysis of the 178 patients in this analysis showed that older age, larger tumors, higher lung V5 and mean lung dose, and higher heart V5 and mean heart dose were associated with severe RIL during treatment (P < 0.05). The XRCC1 rs25487 AA genotype was also associated with increased risk of severe RIL during treatment (AA vs. others: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.665, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.089-2.500, P = 0.018). Multivariate analyses showed that older age (HR = 1.031, 95% CI 1.009-1.054, P = 0.005), lung V5 (HR = 1.039, 95% CI 1.023-1.055, P < 0.0001), and AA genotype (AA vs. others, HR = 1.768, 95% CI 1.165-2.684, P = 0.007) were independently associated with higher incidence of severe RIL. These three risk factors (age ≥ 56 years, lung V5 ≥ 51% and XRCC1 rs25487 AA) distinguished patients at different risk of developing severe RIL (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Age, lung V5 and XRCC1 rs25487 AA were all linked with risk of severe RIL. Our predictive risk model may be helpful for identifying patients at high risk of severe RIL so that treatment can be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - James W Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Xiong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Hekun Jin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Zhongxing Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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Expression deregulation of DNA repair pathway genes in gastric cancer. Cancer Genet 2019; 237:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gagat M, Krajewski A, Grzanka D, Grzanka A. Potential role of cyclin F mRNA expression in the survival of skin melanoma patients: Comprehensive analysis of the pathways altered due to cyclin F upregulation. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:123-144. [PMID: 29767233 PMCID: PMC6059736 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin F is a part of the Skp, Cullin, F-box containing ligase complex. The activity of cyclin F includes cell cycle control, centrosome duplication and response to DNA damage. The cyclin F expression pattern is very similar to cyclin A, but cyclin F is an orphan cyclin without its cyclin-dependent kinase partner. There is little evidence concerning the role of cyclin F in cancer. In the present study, for the first time, we present analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data in the context of expression of cyclin F mRNA in melanoma patients. Our original in silico analysis, not published elsewhere before, revealed that high expression of cyclin F in melanoma patients is associated with worse overall survival. Cyclin F and ribonucleotide reductase family member 2 (RRM2) compose a functional axis responsible for nucleotide metabolism. Impairment in this pathway may contribute to increased DNA damage repair and drug resistance. Additionally, we analyzed the expression of RRM2 mRNA and discovered that high expression of RRM2 is associated with worse overall survival. To shed more light on cyclin F overexpression in melanoma, we analyzed all protein data available in the TCGA melanoma dataset. It was found that in patients with upregulated cyclin F mRNA, we noted increased activity of pathways related to cell cycle and DNA damage repair. These data will support further in vitro and in vivo studies on the involvement of cyclin F in skin cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Krajewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Prusinski Fernung LE, Al-Hendy A, Yang Q. A Preliminary Study: Human Fibroid Stro-1 +/CD44 + Stem Cells Isolated From Uterine Fibroids Demonstrate Decreased DNA Repair and Genomic Integrity Compared to Adjacent Myometrial Stro-1 +/CD44 + Cells. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:619-638. [PMID: 29954254 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118783252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although uterine fibroids (UFs) continue to place a major burden on female reproductive health, the mechanisms behind their origin remain undetermined. Normal myometrial stem cells may be transformed into tumor-initiating stem cells, causing UFs, due to unknown causes of somatic mutations in MED12, found in up to 85% of sporadically formed UFs. It is well established in other tumor types that defective DNA repair increases the risk of such tumorigenic somatic mutations, mechanisms not yet studied in UFs. OBJECTIVE To examine the putative cause(s) of this stem cell transformation, we analyzed DNA repair within stem cells from human UFs compared to those from adjacent myometrium to determine whether DNA repair in fibroid stem cells is compromised. DESIGN Human fibroid (F) and adjacent myometrial (Myo) stem cells were isolated from fresh tissues, and gene expression relating to DNA repair was analyzed. Fibroid stem cells differentially expressed DNA repair genes related to DNA double- (DSBs) and single-strand breaks. DNA damage was measured using alkaline comet assay. Additionally, DNA DSBs were induced in these stem cells and DNA DSB repair evaluated (1) by determining changes in phosphorylation of DNA DSB-related proteins and (2) by determining differences in γ-H2AX foci formation and relative DNA repair protein RAD50 expression. RESULTS Overall, F stem cells demonstrated increased DNA damage and altered DNA repair gene expression and signaling, suggesting that human F stem cells demonstrate impaired DNA repair. CONCLUSIONS Compromised F stem cell DNA repair may contribute to further mutagenesis and, consequently, further growth and propagation of UF tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Prusinski Fernung
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Najafi M, Motevaseli E, Shirazi A, Geraily G, Rezaeyan A, Norouzi F, Rezapoor S, Abdollahi H. Mechanisms of inflammatory responses to radiation and normal tissues toxicity: clinical implications. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:335-356. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhasan Rezaeyan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Norouzi
- Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Devi KR, Ahmed J, Narain K, Mukherjee K, Majumdar G, Chenkual S, Zonunmawia JC. DNA Repair Mechanism Gene, XRCC1A ( Arg194Trp) but not XRCC3 ( Thr241Met) Polymorphism Increased the Risk of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Females: A Case-Control Study in Northeastern Region of India. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:1150-1159. [PMID: 29332455 PMCID: PMC5762082 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617736162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray repair cross complementary group gene is one of the most studied candidate gene involved in different types of cancers. Studies have shown that X-ray repair cross complementary genes are significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in females. Moreover, studies have revealed that X-ray repair cross complementary gene polymorphism significantly varies between and within different ethnic groups globally. The present case–control study was aimed to investigate the association of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer in females from northeastern region of India. The present case–control study includes histopathologically confirmed and newly diagnosed 464 cases with breast cancer and 534 apparently healthy neighborhood community controls. Information on sociodemographic factors and putative risk factors were collected from each study participant by conducting face-to-face interviews. Genotyping of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) and X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. For statistical analysis, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. We also performed stratified analysis to find out the association of X-ray repair cross complementary genes with the risk of breast cancer stratified based on menstrual status. This study revealed that tryptophan allele (R/W-W/W genotype) in X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.97, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). Moreover, it was found that tryptophan allele (W/W genotype) at codon 194 of X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene significantly increased the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females (crude odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-2.46, P < .05 for R/W-W/W genotype). The present study did not reveal any significant association of X-ray repair cross complementary 3 (Thr241Met) polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer. The present study has explored that X-ray repair cross complementary 1A (Arg194Trp) gene polymorphism is significantly associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal females from northeastern region of India which may be beneficial for prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rekha Devi
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Jishan Ahmed
- 2 Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kaustab Mukherjee
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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15
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Markkanen E. Not breathing is not an option: How to deal with oxidative DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 59:82-105. [PMID: 28963982 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage constitutes a major threat to genetic integrity, and has thus been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. 7,8-dihydro-8oxo-deoxyGuanine (8-oxo-G) is one of the best characterised oxidative DNA lesions, and it can give rise to point mutations due to its miscoding potential that instructs most DNA polymerases (Pols) to preferentially insert Adenine (A) opposite 8-oxo-G instead of the correct Cytosine (C). If uncorrected, A:8-oxo-G mispairs can give rise to C:G→A:T transversion mutations. Cells have evolved a variety of pathways to mitigate the mutational potential of 8-oxo-G that include i) mechanisms to avoid incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into DNA through nucleotide pool sanitisation enzymes (by MTH1, MTH2, MTH3 and NUDT5), ii) base excision repair (BER) of 8-oxo-G in DNA (involving MUTYH, OGG1, Pol λ, and other components of the BER machinery), and iii) faithful bypass of 8-oxo-G lesions during replication (using a switch between replicative Pols and Pol λ). In the following, the fate of 8-oxo-G in mammalian cells is reviewed in detail. The differential origins of 8-oxo-G in DNA and its consequences for genetic stability will be covered. This will be followed by a thorough discussion of the different mechanisms in place to cope with 8-oxo-G with an emphasis on Pol λ-mediated correct bypass of 8-oxo-G during MUTYH-initiated BER as well as replication across 8-oxo-G. Furthermore, the multitude of mechanisms in place to regulate key proteins involved in 8-oxo-G repair will be reviewed. Novel functions of 8-oxo-G as an epigenetic-like regulator and insights into the repair of 8-oxo-G within the cellular context will be touched upon. Finally, a discussion will outline the relevance of 8-oxo-G and the proteins involved in dealing with 8-oxo-G to human diseases with a special emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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16
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Rezapoor S, Shirazi A, Abbasi S, Bazzaz JT, Izadi P, Rezaeejam H, Valizadeh M, Soleimani-Mohammadi F, Najafi M. Modulation of Radiation-induced Base Excision Repair Pathway Gene Expression by Melatonin. J Med Phys 2017; 42:245-250. [PMID: 29296039 PMCID: PMC5744453 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Approximately 70% of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy. Although radiotherapy is effective in killing cancer cells, it has adverse effects on normal cells as well. Melatonin (MLT) as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent has been proposed to stimulate DNA repair capacity. We investigated the capability of MLT in the modification of radiation-induced DNA damage in rat peripheral blood cells. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male rats (n = 162) were divided into 27 groups (n = 6 in each group) including: irradiation only, vehicle only, vehicle with irradiation, 100 mg/kg MLT alone, 100 mg/kg MLT plus irradiation in 3 different time points, and control. Subsequently, they were irradiated with a single whole-body X-ray radiation dose of 2 and 8 Gy at a dose rate of 200 MU/min. Rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of MLT or the same volume of vehicle alone 1 h prior to irradiation. Blood samples were also taken 8, 24, and 48 h postirradiation, in order to measure the 8-oxoguanine glycosylase1 (Ogg1), Apex1, and Xrcc1 expression using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Exposing to the ionizing radiation resulted in downregulation of Ogg1, Apex1, and Xrcc1 gene expression. The most obvious suppression was observed in 8 h after exposure. Pretreatments with MLT were able to upregulate these genes when compared to the irradiation-only and vehicle plus irradiation groups (P < 0.05) in all time points. Conclusion: Our results suggested that MLT in mentioned dose may result in modulation of Ogg1, Apex1, and Xrcc1 gene expression in peripheral blood cells to reduce X-ray irradiation-induced DNA damage. Therefore, administration of MLT may increase the normal tissue tolerance to radiation through enhancing the cell DNA repair capacity. We believed that MLT could play a radiation toxicity reduction role in patients who have undergone radiation treatment as a part of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Abbasi
- Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Rezaeejam
- Department of Radiology, Allied Medical School, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Farid Soleimani-Mohammadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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