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Schiavon A, Saba L, Catucci G, Petiti J, Puglisi S, Borin C, Reimondo G, Gilardi G, Giachino C, Terzolo M, Lo Iacono M. Albumin/Mitotane Interaction Affects Drug Activity in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells: Smoke and Mirrors on Mitotane Effect with Possible Implications for Patients' Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16701. [PMID: 38069023 PMCID: PMC10706292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitotane is the only drug approved for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Although it has been used for many years, its mechanism of action remains elusive. H295R cells are, in ACC, an essential tool to evaluate drug mechanisms, although they often lead to conflicting results. METHODS Using different in vitro biomolecular technologies and biochemical/biophysical experiments, we evaluated how the presence of "confounding factors" in culture media and patient sera could reduce the pharmacological effect of mitotane and its metabolites. RESULTS We discovered that albumin, the most abundant protein in the blood, was able to bind mitotane. This interaction altered the effect of the drug by blocking its biological activity. This blocking effect was independent of the albumin source or methodology used and altered the assessment of drug sensitivity of the cell lines. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we have for the first time demonstrated that albumin does not only act as an inert drug carrier when mitotane or its metabolites are present. Indeed, our experiments clearly indicated that both albumin and human serum were able to suppress the pharmacological effect of mitotane in vitro. These experiments could represent a first step towards the individualization of mitotane treatment in this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Schiavon
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Division of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Soraya Puglisi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Borin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Reimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Lo Iacono
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (L.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (C.G.); (M.T.)
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Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) Is Critical for Dioxin-Induced Reorganization of the Gut Microbiome and Host Insulin Sensitivity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040364. [PMID: 35448550 PMCID: PMC9029240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to some environmental pollutants can have potent endocrine-disrupting effects, thereby promoting hormone imbalance and cardiometabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and cardiorenal diseases. Recent evidence also suggests that many environmental pollutants can reorganize the gut microbiome to potentially impact these diverse human diseases. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is among the most potent endocrine-disrupting dioxin pollutants, yet our understanding of how TCDD impacts the gut microbiome and systemic metabolism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that TCDD exposure in mice profoundly stimulates the hepatic expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (Fmo3), which is a hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme that is also responsible for the production of the gut microbiome-associated metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Interestingly, an enzymatic product of FMO3 (TMAO) has been associated with the same cardiometabolic diseases that these environmental pollutants promote. Therefore, here, we examined TCDD-induced alterations in the gut microbiome, host liver transcriptome, and glucose tolerance in Fmo3+/+ and Fmo3-/- mice. Our results show that Fmo3 is a critical component of the transcriptional response to TCDD, impacting the gut microbiome, host liver transcriptome, and systemic glucose tolerance. Collectively, this work uncovers a previously underappreciated role for Fmo3 in integrating diet-pollutant-microbe-host interactions.
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Stefania C, Andrea M, Alessio M, Mauro P, Amira G, Martin CJ, Giovanni M, Massimo DG, Fabrizio S. The Benzydamine Experience: A Systematic Review of Benzydamine Abuse. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1728-1737. [PMID: 33441070 PMCID: PMC8977632 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210113151136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recently emerged among novel psychoactive substances (NPS) being reported as ingested for recreational purposes. Among them, benzydamine (BZY), normally prescribed as an OTC anti-inflammatory drug, is reportedly being diverted and recreationally used. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate how the misuse of BZY has been reported, illustrating its psychotropic molecular mechanism, and studying its psychopathological effects. METHODS We firstly conducted a systematic review of the literature concerning the abuse of BZY and its effects. For data gathering purposes, both PRISMA and PROSPERO guidelines were followed. All research methods were approved by PROSPERO (identification code CRD42020187266). Second, we analysed BZY-related data from the European Monitoring Agency (EMA) Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) database recorded during 2005-2020 regarding its abuse. RESULTS Eleven articles, published during 1997-2019, were included in our systematic review, including five case reports, four surveys, and two retrospective case series analyses. While nine articles dealt with the recreational use of BZY, two described an oral overdose of the drug. When specified, dosages of BZY consumed ranged from 500 to 1500mg. The EMA dataset contained three cases of BZY abuse. CONCLUSION Results from the systematic review showed BZY might be diverted for typical hallucinogenic properties occurring at high dosages. Healthcare professionals should be warned about a possible misuse/abuse of a commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drug and be vigilant when prescribing it. Physicians working in emergency units should know that psychotic symptoms may be related to BZY abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiappini Stefania
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Miuli Andrea
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Mosca Alessio
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Pettorruso Mauro
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Guirguis Amira
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Corkery John Martin
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martinotti Giovanni
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Di Giannantonio Massimo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Schifano Fabrizio
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
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Catucci G, Aramini D, Sadeghi SJ, Gilardi G. Ligand stabilization and effect on unfolding by polymorphism in human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1484-1493. [PMID: 32781122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is a powerful tool to prevent adverse reactions caused by different response of individuals to drug administration. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent up to 90% of genetic variations among individuals. Drug metabolizing enzymes are highly polymorphic therefore the kinetic parameters of their catalytic reactions can be significantly influenced. This work reports on the unfolding process of a phase I drug metabolizing enzyme, human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (hFMO3) and its single nucleotide polymorphic variants (SNPs) V257M, E158K and E308G. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates that the thermal denaturation of the enzyme is irreversible. The melting temperature (Tm) for the (Wild Type) WT and its polymorphic variants is found to be in a range from 46 °C to 50 °C. Also the activation energies of unfolding (Ea) show no significant differences among all proteins investigated (290-328 KJ/mol), except for the E308G variant that showed a significantly higher Ea of 412 KJ/mol. The presence of the bound NADP+ cofactor is found to stabilize all the variants by shifting the main Tm by 4-5 °C for all the proteins, exception made for E308G where no changes are observed. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to characterize the interaction of the protein with NADP+ in terms of dissociation constant (Kd), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS). Kd values of 1.6 and 0.7 μM, ΔH of -13.9 Kcal/mol and -16.8 Kcal/mol, ΔS of -20.5 cal/mol/deg, and -28.5 cal/mol/deg were found for V257M and E158K respectively. E308G was found to be unable to bind the NADP+ cofactor, a result that is in line with the Tm results. Circular dichroism also confirmed an overall lower stability of E308G, while NADP+ was found to give a strong positive shift of the Tm stabilizing the structure of E158K (46.2 to 50.6 °C). Previous data highlighted significant differences in terms of activity among the SNPs of hFMO3. In this work a minor impact of the SNPs was found on the stability of the enzyme in the ligand free form, except for E308G, whereas the binding of NADP+ reveals major differences among WT and polymorphic variants that are all measurable in terms of heat capacity, enthalpy and secondary structure content. These data provide the first direct evidence of ligand stabilization effects on hFMO3 that can explain the differences observed in catalytic efficiencies and serve as the starting point for the development of inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - D Aramini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - S J Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - G Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy.
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Abstract
Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) catalyze the oxygenation of numerous foreign chemicals. This review considers the roles of FMOs in the metabolism of endogenous substrates and in physiological processes, and focuses on FMOs of human and mouse. Tyramine, phenethylamine, trimethylamine, cysteamine, methionine, lipoic acid and lipoamide have been identified as endogenous or dietary-derived substrates of FMOs in vitro. However, with the exception of trimethylamine, the role of FMOs in the metabolism of these compounds in vivo is unclear. The use, as experimental models, of knockout-mouse lines deficient in various Fmo genes has revealed previously unsuspected roles for FMOs in endogenous metabolic processes. FMO1 has been identified as a novel regulator of energy balance that acts to promote metabolic efficiency, and also as being involved in the biosynthesis of taurine, by catalyzing the S-oxygenation of hypotaurine. FMO5 has been identified as a regulator of metabolic ageing and glucose homeostasis that apparently acts by sensing or responding to gut bacteria. Thus, FMOs do not function only as xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and there is a risk that exposure to drugs and environmental chemicals that are substrates or inducers of FMOs would perturb the endogenous functions of these enzymes.
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Crystal structure of bacterial CYP116B5 heme domain: New insights on class VII P450s structural flexibility and peroxygenase activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:577-587. [PMID: 31430491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Class VII cytochromes P450 are self-sufficient enzymes carrying a phthalate family oxygenase-like reductase domain and a P450 domain fused in a single polypeptide chain. The biocatalytic applications of CYP116B members are limited by the need of the NADPH cofactor and the lack of crystal structures as a starting point for protein engineering. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that the heme domain of CYP116B5 can use hydrogen peroxide as electron donor bypassing the need of NADPH. Here, we report the crystal structure of CYP116B5 heme domain in complex with histidine at 2.6 Å of resolution. The structure reveals the typical P450 fold and a closed conformation with an active site cavity of 284 Å3 in volume, accommodating a histidine molecule forming a hydrogen bond with the water molecule present as 6th heme iron ligand. MD simulations in the absence of any ligand revealed the opening of a tunnel connecting the active site to the protein surface through the movement of F-, G- and H-helices. A structural alignment with bacterial cytochromes P450 allowed the identification of amino acids in the proximal heme site potentially involved in peroxygenase activity. The availability of the crystal structure provides the bases for the structure-guided design of new biocatalysts.
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Phillips IR, Shephard EA. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3): genetic variants and their consequences for drug metabolism and disease. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:19-33. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1643515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Phillips
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Shephard
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Catucci G, Sadeghi SJ, Gilardi G. A direct time-based ITC approach for substrate turnover measurements demonstrated on human FMO3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6217-6220. [PMID: 31074479 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transient binding events are a challenging issue in enzymology. Here we demostrate a time-based ITC approach to human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, an important drug metabolising enzyme. We measure kinetic constants and we demonstrate how this approach can be exploited for measuring the inhibiton of the conversion of the key substrate trimethylamine into trimethylamine N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, 10123, Italy.
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Luganini A, Terlizzi ME, Catucci G, Gilardi G, Maffei ME, Gribaudo G. The Cranberry Extract Oximacro ® Exerts in vitro Virucidal Activity Against Influenza Virus by Interfering With Hemagglutinin. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1826. [PMID: 30131793 PMCID: PMC6090095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The defense against influenza virus (IV) infections still poses a series of challenges. The current antiviral arsenal against influenza viruses is in fact limited; therefore, the development of new anti-influenza strategies effective against antigenically different viruses is an urgent priority. Bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants and fruits may provide a natural source of candidates for such broad-spectrum antivirals. In this regard, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) extracts on the basis of their recognized anti-adhesive activities against bacteria, may provide potential compounds able to prevent viral attachment to target cells. Nevertheless, only few studies have so far investigated the possible use of cranberry extracts as an antiviral tool. This study focuses on the suitability of a cranberry extract as a direct-acting anti-influenza compound. We show that the novel cranberry extract Oximacro® inhibits influenza A and B viruses (IAV, IBV) replication in vitro because of its high content of A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-A) dimers and trimers. Mechanistic studies revealed that Oximacro® prevents attachment and entry of IAV and IBV into target cells and exerts a virucidal activity. Oximacro® was observed to interact with the ectodomain of viral hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, thus suggesting the interference with HA functions and a consequent loss of infectivity of IV particles. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a reduction in the intrinsic fluorescence of HA protein after incubation with purified dimeric PAC-A (PAC-A2), thus confirming a direct interaction between HA and Oximacro® PAC-A2. In silico docking simulations further supported the in vitro results and indicated that among the different components of the Oximacro® chemical profile, PAC-A2 exhibited the best binding propensity with an affinity below 10 nM. The role of PAC-A2 in the anti-IV activity of Oximacro® was eventually confirmed by the observation that it prevented IAV and IVB replication and caused the loss of infectivity of IV particles, thus indicating PAC-A2 as the major active component of Oximacro®. As a whole, these results suggest Oximacro® as a potential candidate to create novel antiviral agents of natural origin for the prevention of IV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria E. Terlizzi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Catucci
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Catucci G, Bortolussi S, Rampolla G, Cusumano D, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 Polymorphic Variants Significantly Affect Clearance of Tamoxifen and Clomiphene. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:687-691. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Stefania Bortolussi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Giulia Rampolla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Debora Cusumano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Sheila J. Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
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Binding of methimazole and NADP(H) to human FMO3: In vitro and in silico studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:460-468. [PMID: 29959003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human flavin-containing monooxygenase isoform 3 (hFMO3) is an important hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme, catalyzing the monooxygenation of nucleophilic heteroatom-containing xenobiotics. Based on the structure of bacterial FMO, it is proposed that a conserved asparagine is involved in both NADP(H) and substrate binding. In order to explore the role of this amino acid in hFMO3, two mutants were constructed. In the case of N61Q, increasing the steric hindrance above the flavin N5-C4a causes poor NADP(H) binding, destabilizing the catalytic FAD intermediate, whereas the introduction of a negatively charged residue, N61D, interferes mainly with catalytic intermediate formation and its stability. To better understand the substrate-enzyme interaction, in vitro as well as in silico experiments were carried out with methimazole as substrate. Methimazole is a high-affinity substrate of hFMO3 and can competitively suppress the metabolism of other compounds. Our results demonstrate that methimazole Pi-stacks above the isoalloxazine ring of FAD in hFMO3, in a similar way to indole binding to the bacterial FMO. However, for hFMO3 indole is found to act as a non-substrate competitive inhibitor. Finally, understanding the binding mode of methimazole and indole could be advantageous for development of hFMO3 inhibitors, currently investigated as a possible treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Gocheva G, Ilieva N, Peneva K, Ivanova A. Characterization of the interaction forces in a drug carrier complex of doxorubicin with a drug-binding peptide. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:874-884. [PMID: 29164779 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptide-based materials are used as building blocks for drug delivery systems aimed at toxicity decrease in chemotherapeutics. A molecular-level approach is adopted for investigating the non-covalent interactions between doxorubicin and a recently synthesized drug-binging peptide as a key part of a system for delivery to neoplastic cells. Molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solution at room and body temperature are applied to investigate the structure and the binding modes within the drug-peptide complex. The tryptophans are outlined as the main chemotherapeutic adsorption sites, and the importance of their placement in the peptide sequence is highlighted. The drug-peptide binging energy is evaluated by density functional theory calculations. Principal component analysis reveals comparable importance of several types of interaction for the binding strength. π-Stacking is dominant, but other factors are also significant: intercalation, peptide backbone stacking, electrostatics, dispersion, and solvation. Intra- and intermolecular H-bonding also stabilizes the complexes. The influence of solvent molecules on the binding energy is mild. The obtained data characterize the drug-to-peptide attachment as a mainly attractive collective process with interactions spanning a broad range of values. These results explain with atomistic detail the experimentally registered doxorubicin-binging ability of the peptide and outline the complex as a prospective carrying unit that can be employed in design of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Gocheva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Ilieva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Jena Center of Soft Matter, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Inactivation mechanism of N61S mutant of human FMO3 towards trimethylamine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14668. [PMID: 29116146 PMCID: PMC5676948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (hFMO3) catalyses the oxygenation of a wide variety of compounds including drugs as well as dietary compounds. It is the major hepatic enzyme involved in the production of the N-oxide of trimethylamine (TMAO) and clinical studies have uncovered a striking correlation between plasma TMAO concentration and cardiovascular disease. Certain mutations within the hFMO3 gene cause defective trimethylamine (TMA) N-oxygenation leading to trimethylaminuria (TMAU) also known as fish-odour syndrome. In this paper, the inactivation mechanism of a TMAU-causing polymorphic variant, N61S, is investigated. Transient kinetic experiments show that this variant has a > 170-fold lower NADPH binding affinity than the wild type. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic experiments reveal that the poor NADP+ binding affinity accelerates the C4a-hydroperoxyFAD intermediate decay, responsible for an unfavourable oxygen transfer to the substrate. Steady-state kinetic experiments show significantly decreased N61S catalytic activity towards other substrates; methimazole, benzydamine and tamoxifen. The in vitro data are corroborated by in silico data where compared to the wild type enzyme, a hydrogen bond required for the stabilisation of the flavin intermediate is lacking. Taken together, the data presented reveal the molecular basis for the loss of function observed in N61S mutant.
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14
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Di Nardo G, Cimicata G, Baravalle R, Dell'Angelo V, Ciaramella A, Catucci G, Ugliengo P, Gilardi G. Working at the membrane interface: Ligand-induced changes in dynamic conformation and oligomeric structure in human aromatase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:46-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Nardo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
- CrisDi; Interdepartmental Center for Crystallography; Torino Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cimicata
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Roberta Baravalle
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | | | - Alberto Ciaramella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Piero Ugliengo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Torino Italy
- CrisDi; Interdepartmental Center for Crystallography; Torino Italy
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Castrignanò S, Bortolussi S, Catucci G, Gholami O, Valetti F, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Bioelectrochemical profiling of two common polymorphic variants of human FMO3 in presence of graphene oxide. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chemical applications of Class B flavoprotein monooxygenases. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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