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Markotić A, Kelava T, Markotić H, Silovski H, Mrzljak A. Vitamin D in liver cancer: novel insights and future perspectives. Croat Med J 2022; 63:187-196. [PMID: 35505652 DOI: pmid/35505652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been a focus of attention in liver cancer due to its direct and indirect antineoplastic effects. This review critically evaluates data from recently published basic and clinical studies investigating the role of vitamin D in liver cancer. Basic studies indicate that vitamin D plays an important role in liver cancer development by suppressing the activity of hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells. Furthermore, vitamin D has a direct anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, proapoptotic, and prodifferentiative effect on liver cancer cells. Recent investigation suggested several interesting mechanisms of these actions, such as inactivation of Notch signaling, p27 accumulation, and tyrosine-protein kinase Met/extracellular signal-regulated kinases inhibition. On the other hand, data from clinical observational studies, although promising, are still inconclusive. Unfortunately, studies on the effect of vitamin D supplementation were generally focused on short-term outcomes of chronic liver diseases (liver enzyme levels or elastographic finding); therefore, there are still no reliable data on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on liver cancer occurrence or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Tomislav Kelava, Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
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2
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Vitamins as Possible Cancer Biomarkers: Significance and Limitations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113914. [PMID: 34836171 PMCID: PMC8622959 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western-style diet, which is common in developed countries and spreading into developing countries, is unbalanced in many respects. For instance, micronutrients (vitamins A, B complex, C, D, E, and K plus iron, zinc, selenium, and iodine) are generally depleted in Western food (causing what is known as ‘hidden hunger’), whereas some others (such as phosphorus) are added beyond the daily allowance. This imbalance in micronutrients can induce cellular damage that can increase the risk of cancer. Interestingly, there is a large body of evidence suggesting a strong correlation between vitamin intake as well as vitamin blood concentrations with the occurrence of certain types of cancer. The direction of association between the concentration of a given vitamin and cancer risk is tumor specific. The present review summarized the literature regarding vitamins and cancer risk to assess whether these could be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers, thus confirming their potential as biomarkers. Despite many studies that highlight the importance of monitoring vitamin blood or tissue concentrations in cancer patients and demonstrate the link between vitamin intake and cancer risk, there is still an urgent need for more data to assess the effectiveness of vitamins as biomarkers in the context of cancer. Therefore, this review aims to provide a solid basis to support further studies on this promising topic.
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The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040566. [PMID: 33917442 PMCID: PMC8067486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.
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Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
HCV is a major risk factor for HCC; however, the exact mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Host genetic factors have been reported to play a significant role. Experimental studies support the tumor inhibitory effect of vitamin D on HCC cells. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been depicted in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. We aimed to assess whether any of these polymorphisms could be significantly associated with increased risk of HCC.
Results
This study was conducted on 76 patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis (48 patients had HCC on top of cirrhosis, and the other 28 had liver cirrhosis only). All patients underwent full medical history assessment, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasonography, and genotyping of the VDR gene. HCC patients had a significantly higher frequency of ApaI CC genotype compared with those patients without HCC. There is no statistically significant difference between the studied groups at any TaqI genotypes, but the carriage of the ApaI CC genotype had a significant association with liver disease severity in both patients groups compared with ApaI CA/AA genotypes. The carriage of the ApaI CC genotype was an independent predictor for HCC in HCV-related liver cirrhosis.
Conclusions
VDR ApaI polymorphism is significantly associated with the development of HCC; thus, ApaI CC genotype could be used as an important molecular marker to predict the risk of HCC in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis.
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Zhang Y, Jiang X, Li X, Găman MA, Kord-Varkaneh H, Rahmani J, Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Day AS, Xu Y. Serum Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1-9. [PMID: 32705896 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1797127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Data regarding the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of liver cancer are conflicting. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of all available data of cohort studies on the association of 25-OH-vitamin-D levels with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science databases for prospective observational studies conducted on the general population from inception to May 2019. Six studies provided data from 6357 participants. According to the pooled HR, the subjects with the highest serum concentrations of vitamin D had a 47% lower risk of liver cancer vs. the subjects with the lowest serum concentrations of vitamin D (pooled HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.41-0.68; P < 0.001). There was no significant heterogeneity among the studies (P = 0.431, I2 = 0.0). The pooled HR from the random-effects dose-response model indicated an indirect significant linear association between vitamin D and the risk of liver cancer (coef = -0.017, P < 0.001). However, there was no significant nonlinear dose-response association between serum vitamin D and the risk of liver cancer (coef = -0.0001, P = 0.342). The evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that there may be an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Fang A, Long J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Li Q, Zhang D, Luo Y, Zhong R, Zhou Z, Xu Y, Xu X, Ling W, Chen M, Zhu H. Serum Bioavailable, Rather Than Total, 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival. Hepatology 2020; 72:169-182. [PMID: 31677282 PMCID: PMC7496975 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) are emerging measurements of vitamin D status. It remains unclear whether circulating free or bioavailable 25OHD are relevant to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that bioavailable 25OHD may be a better serum biomarker of vitamin D status than total 25OHD on the association with HCC survival. APPROACH AND RESULTS We included 1,031 newly diagnosed, previously untreated patients with HCC from the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort enrolled between September 2013 and April 2017. Serum total 25OHD levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum-free 25OHD levels were measured using a two-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioavailable 25OHD levels were calculated from measured free 25OHD and albumin using a previously validated equation. Primary outcomes were liver cancer-specific (LCSS) and overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards models were performed to calculate the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median follow-up of 726 days, 430 patients had deceased, including 393 deaths from HCC. In multivariable analyses, higher bioavailable 25OHD levels were significantly associated with better survival, independent of nonclinical and clinical prognostic factors including serum C-reactive protein, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and cancer treatment. The multivariable-adjusted HRs in the highest versus lowest quartile of bioavailable 25OHD levels were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.93; P for trend = 0.014) for LCSS and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.94; P for trend = 0.013) for OS. In contrast, neither total nor free 25OHD levels were associated with LCSS or OS. CONCLUSIONS Higher bioavailable, rather than total, 25OHD levels were independently associated with improved survival in a population-based HCC cohort, suggesting a potential utility of bioavailable 25OHD in HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai‐Ping Fang
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing‐An Long
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yao‐Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhao‐Yan Liu
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi‐Jiong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Dao‐Ming Zhang
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rong‐Huan Zhong
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Guo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Jun Xu
- Department of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and ControlGuangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Jun Xu
- Department of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and ControlGuangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Hua Ling
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Min‐Shan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Lian Zhu
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Li Y, Lin Q, Chang S, Zhang R, Wang J. Vitamin D3 mediates miR-15a-5p inhibition of liver cancer cell proliferation via targeting E2F3. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:292-298. [PMID: 32565955 PMCID: PMC7285896 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 has been demonstrated to suppress the development and progression of liver cancer, but the mechanism is unclear. The effects of vitamin D3 and microRNA (miR)-15a-5p on liver cancer cells were investigated in the present study using MTT and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine whether E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) was a target of miR-15a-5p. The effects of silencing the E2F3 gene expression in liver cancer cells were investigated using a small interfering RNA. Vitamin D3 suppressed liver cancer cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and increased miR-15a-5p expression. Treatment with the miR-15a-5p mimics significantly suppressed liver cancer cell proliferation compared with that of the controls. Bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that E2F3 was a target of miR-15a-5p and that silencing E2F3 inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, Vitamin D3 suppressed cell proliferation by miR-15a-5p-mediated silencing of E2F3 gene expression. These findings suggested a role for vitamin D3 and E2F3 targeting as potential novel liver cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Su'E Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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Abdalla M, Khairy E, Louka ML, Ali-Labib R, Ibrahim EAS. Vitamin D receptor gene methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene 2018; 653:65-71. [PMID: 29432829 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major subtype of primary liver cancers. HCC is typically diagnosed late in its course. With respect to cancer, the genomic actions of vitamin D are mediated through binding to the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), which allows it to modulate the expression of genes in a cell-and tissue-specific manner. Epigenetics is a rapidly evolving field of genetic study applicable to HCC. Changes in DNA methylation patterns are thought to be early events in hepatocarcinogenesis. Curcumin has great potential as an epigenetic agent. Accordingly, the current study has been designed to study the methylation status of VDR gene promoter for the first time in HCC aiming to find its clinical significance and potential screening role in chronic Liver Disease (CLD). Additionally, we aimed to investigate, the effect of Curcumin on HCC cell line, aiming to discover new therapeutic targets through epigenetics. This study was conducted on 45 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue blocks including 15 HCC samples (group A), 15 CLD samples (group B) and 15 apparently normal tissue taken from around benign lesions (group C). Methylation Specific Restriction Digestion and qPCR were done on all samples after DNA extraction. The percentage of VDR gene promoter methylation was significantly higher in the HCC group compared to both CLD and control groups (p < 0.01). VDR promoter methylation by (MS-qPCR) was decreased and the relative expression of VDR by (qRT-PCR) was markedly increased in a dose-dependent fashion in cells grown in Curcumin-adequate medium. In conclusion, this study may open a new gate for the use of VDR promoter methylation as a potential biomarker in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdalla
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. box 11381, Egypt
| | - Eman Khairy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. box 11381, Egypt.
| | - Manal L Louka
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. box 11381, Egypt
| | - Randa Ali-Labib
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. box 11381, Egypt
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BORGES CC, SALLES AF, BRINGHENTI I, MANDARIM-DE-LACERDA CA, AGUILA MB. Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Lipogenesis and Reduces Beta-Oxidation in the Liver of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:106-115. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Carvalho BORGES
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Andreza Fernandes SALLES
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Isabele BRINGHENTI
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Carlos Alberto MANDARIM-DE-LACERDA
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Marcia Barbosa AGUILA
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
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