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Wang B, Li H, Yang C, Nie R, Zhang X, Pu C. VDR gene ApaI polymorphism and risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a meta-analysis from 22 studies. Climacteric 2023; 26:583-593. [PMID: 37477999 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2233421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ApaI polymorphism (G > T, rs7975232) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis has been widely researched, and the results have yielded conflicts. Therefore, we performed an updated pooled analysis to comprehensively assess the association between VDR ApaI polymorphism and postmenopausal osteoporosis risk. METHODS We searched eligible studies about ApaI polymorphism and osteoporosis through the PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases; case-control studies containing available genotype frequencies of A/a were chosen. We used the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval to assess the strength of this association. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment were performed. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to evaluate a sufficient sample. RESULTS Twenty-two studies assessed the relationship between ApaI polymorphism and the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The comprehensive analyses showed no significant association for ApaI polymorphism with postmenopausal osteoporosis in the overall population, equally valid for Asian and Caucasian subgroups with any genetic model. TSA still indicated the results were robust. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that the VDR ApaI genotype may not affect the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Asians and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Sports and Rehabilitation, Yuxi Normal University, Yunnan, China
- The Faculty of Physical Education, Yuxi Normal University, Yunnan, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - C Yang
- The Faculty of Physical Education, Yuxi Normal University, Yunnan, China
| | - R Nie
- The Faculty of Physical Education, Yuxi Normal University, Yunnan, China
| | - X Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - C Pu
- The Key Laboratory of Sports and Rehabilitation, Yuxi Normal University, Yunnan, China
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Alhammadin G, Jarrar Y, Madani A, Lee SJ. Exploring the Influence of VDR Genetic Variants TaqI, ApaI, and FokI on COVID-19 Severity and Long-COVID-19 Symptoms. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1663. [PMID: 38138892 PMCID: PMC10744884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of vitamin D in the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene affect the response to vitamin D and have been linked to various diseases. This study investigated the associations of the major VDR genetic variants ApaI, FokI, and TaqI with the severity and long post-infection symptoms of COVID-19. In total, 100 Jordanian patients with confirmed COVID-19 were genotyped for the VDR ApaI, FokI, and TaqI variants using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. COVID-19 severity, the most commonly reported long-COVID-19 symptoms that lasted for >4 weeks from the onset of infection, and other variables were analyzed according to VDR genetic variants. In this study, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms showed no significant associations with COVID-19 severity (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was detected between the TaqI polymorphism and the severity of symptoms after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (p = 0.04). The wild-type TaqI genotype was typically present in patients with mild illness, whereas the heterozygous TaqI genotype was present in asymptomatic patients. With regard to long-COVID-19 symptoms, the VDR heterozygous ApaI and wild-type TaqI genotypes were significantly associated with persistent fatigue and muscle pain after COVID-19 (p ˂ 0.05). Most carriers of the heterozygous ApaI genotype and carriers of the wild-type TaqI genotype reported experiencing fatigue and muscle pain that lasted for more than 1 month after the onset of COVID-19. Furthermore, the TaqI genotype was associated with persistent shortness of breath after COVID-19 (p = 0.003). Shortness of breath was more common among individuals with homozygous TaqI genotype than among individuals with the wild-type or heterozygous TaqI genotype. VDR TaqI is a possible genetic variant related to both COVID-19 severity and long-COVID-19 symptoms among Jordanian individuals. The associations between VDR TaqI polymorphisms and long-COVID-19 symptoms should be investigated in larger and more diverse ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayda’ Alhammadin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Republic of Korea
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Ashraf M, Khan HN, Ibrahim R, Shahid M, Khan S, Fatima A, Ullah S, Rehman R. Genetic association of vitamin D receptor gene with female infertility. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:116-133. [PMID: 37496429 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2236167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is defined as failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. It affects 15% of couples globally and 22% of couples within Pakistan. Female infertility can be caused by numerous genetic or environmental factors including hormone imbalances and exposure to chemicals or radiation. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the adult population was reported to be 14-59% with a higher prevalence in Asian countries. Furthermore, the expression of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) can play a vital role in the reproductive organs of females. Hence, the aim of our present study was to check the association of VDR polymorphisms with infertile females. For this purpose, blood samples were collected for genotyping of four known VDR mutations [FokI (rs2228570), TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232), and BsmI (rs1544410)] via PCR-based RFLP assay. RESULTS Genotyping indicated that FokI, TaqI, and ApaI are associated with infertility (p = 0.004*, p = 0.013*, and p = 0.033*, respectively). However, BsmI did not show any significance. Multinomial regression analysis indicated that FokI heterozygous genotypes increase the risk of infertility by 2.5 times (hetero: OR = 2.5, 95%, p = 0.001*) as compared to wild type. Heterozygous genotypes of TaqI and ApaI were found to play a protective role and reduce the risk of infertility by 58 and 52%, respectively [TaqI: OR = 0.42, 95%, p = 0.004*, ApaI: OR = 0.48, 95%, p = 0.01*, respectively] as compared to wild type. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was also performed for allelic data as well. CONCLUSION Thus, it could be summarized that among the studied polymorphisms of VDR, FokI SNP greatly increased the risk of infertility, while TaqI and ApaI genotypes protect from infertility. However, BsmI does not influence the risk of infertility in Pakistani females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussarat Ashraf
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabab Ibrahim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Shahid
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sher Khan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ambrin Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abdelmaksoud NM, Abulsoud AI, Abulsoud MI, Elshaer SS. Genetic impact of vitamin D receptor TaqI polymorphism on the risk of osteoporotic fractures in diabetic patients. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bhadada SK, Chadha M, Sriram U, Pal R, Paul TV, Khadgawat R, Joshi A, Bansal B, Kapoor N, Aggarwal A, Garg MK, Tandon N, Gupta S, Kotwal N, Mahadevan S, Mukhopadhyay S, Mukherjee S, Kukreja SC, Rao SD, Mithal A. The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR) position statement for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in adults. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34176015 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR) has herein drafted clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis for the people of India. Implementation of the position statement in clinical practice is expected to improve the overall care of patients with osteoporosis in India. PURPOSE In India, osteoporosis is a major public health problem. However, in the absence of any robust regional guidelines, the screening, treatment, and follow-up of patients with osteoporosis are lagging behind in the country. METHODS The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR), which is a multidisciplinary group of physicians, researchers, dietitians, and epidemiologists and who study bone and related tissues, in their annual meeting, drafted the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis that would be appropriate in a resource constraint setting like India. RESULTS Diagnosis of osteoporosis can be made in a patient with minimal trauma fracture without the aid of any other diagnostic tools. In others, bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry remains the modality of choice. Data indicates that osteoporotic fractures occur at an earlier age in Indians than in the West; hence, screening for osteoporosis should begin at an earlier age. FRAX can be used for fracture risk estimation; however, it may underestimate the risk of future fractures in our population and still needs validation. Maintaining optimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels is essential, which, in most cases, would require regular vitamin D supplementation. Pharmacotherapy should be guided by the presence/absence of vertebral/hip fractures or the severity of risk based on clinical factors, although bisphosphonates remain the first choice in most cases. Regular follow-up is essential to ensure adherence and response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of the position statement in clinical practice is expected to improve the overall care of patients with osteoporosis in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Manoj Chadha
- Department of Endocrinology, Parmanand Deepchand Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, 400016, India
| | - Usha Sriram
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Division, Voluntary Health Services Hospital, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Thomas V Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Rajesh Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110023, India
| | - Ameya Joshi
- Endocrinology Division, Bhaktivedanta Hospital, Thane, 401107, India
| | - Beena Bansal
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Door to Care, Gurgaon, 122018, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Anshita Aggarwal
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Mahendra K Garg
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110023, India
| | - Sushil Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Narendra Kotwal
- Department of Endocrinology, Army Hospital Research & Referral, New Delhi, 110010, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Endocrinology Division, Sri Ramachandra Medical Center, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Subhash C Kukreja
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sudhaker D Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone & Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford, Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Alkhzouz C, Cabau G, Lazea C, Asavoaie C, Bucerzan S, Mirea AM, Farcas M, Miclaus Jnr M, Popp R, Miclea D. Skeletal Abnormalities and VDR1 Gene Polymorphisms in Mucopolysaccharidosis Patients. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:349-358. [PMID: 33889011 PMCID: PMC8056862 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s295241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Articular and bone damage, which is so disabling in Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), requires attention as to the explanatory bias of the pathogenetic mechanisms identified to date. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been investigated in many studies in correlation with bone metabolism, osteoporosis, and the impaired bone mineral density associated with certain polymorphisms of the VDR gene. Aim This study aims to observe whether there is an association between clinical features, phospho-calcium metabolism parameters and the VDR gene polymorphisms in patients with MPS. Patients and Method We evaluated six patients with MPS type I, 20 patients with MPS type II, two patients with MPS types IIIA and IIIB and three patients with MPS type IVB. In these patients, phospho-calcium metabolism, markers of bone formation, bone radiographs and bone densitometry were evaluated, as were four polymorphisms of the VDR gene (ApaI, BsmI, FokI and TaqI). Results There was a deficiency in 25 hydroxy vitamin D in MPS type I patients at the final evaluation and in MPS type II patients, both at ERT initiation and at the last evaluation. The analysed polymorphisms were not associated with modified calcium-phosphor levels, but some differences were observed regarding the level of 25 OH vitamin D. Thus, in the case of AA polymorphism, all patients have a 25 OH vitamin D deficiency, and one patient with the AA genotype and three with Aa have a 25 OH vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism due to this deficiency (four patients), all of them having the Bb phenotype. Conclusion In MPS patients, vitamin D deficiency is observed, as it is in some patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, which indicates vitamin D supplementation to protect bone metabolism. There are no obvious correlations between VDR polymorphism and bone metabolism in MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Alkhzouz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Georgiana Cabau
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,First Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Asavoaie
- First Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Bucerzan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Marius Farcas
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Miclaus Jnr
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Popp
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Miclea
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in patients with osteomalacic myopathy in Egypt. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:1031-1037. [PMID: 32715368 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D works by binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). The muscle involvement in hypovitaminosis D was broadly named osteomalacic myopathy. METHODS A case control study involved 20 female patients diagnosed with osteomalacic myopathy compared with 15 age-matched healthy female controls. We assessed both for VDR genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at 3 sites (ApaI, BsmI, and FokI). RESULTS ApaI and BsmI genotypes distribution in both groups showed non-significant difference unlike FokI genotypes in which we found significantly higher percentages of single allele mutation in patients vs. controls. CONCLUSION The relation of VDR gene SNPs to muscle function was studied before but in healthy subjects. We tried to correlate if presence/absence of a certain mutation is responsible for the appearance of osteomalacic myopathy.
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Mechanisms Underlying Bone Loss Associated with Gut Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246323. [PMID: 31847438 PMCID: PMC6940820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with gastrointestinal diseases frequently suffer from skeletal abnormality, characterized by reduced bone mineral density, increased fracture risk, and/or joint inflammation. This pathological process is characterized by altered immune cell activity and elevated inflammatory cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment due to disrupted gut immune response. Gastrointestinal disease is recognized as an immune malfunction driven by multiple factors, including cytokines and signaling molecules. However, the mechanism by which intestinal inflammation magnified by gut-residing actors stimulates bone loss remains to be elucidated. In this article, we discuss the main risk factors potentially contributing to intestinal disease-associated bone loss, and summarize current animal models, illustrating gut-bone axis to bridge the gap between intestinal inflammation and skeletal disease.
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Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Halupczok-Żyła J, Kolačkov K, Gojny Ł, Zembska A, Bolanowski M. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms With Activity of Acromegaly, Vitamin D Status and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Acromegaly Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:643. [PMID: 31616375 PMCID: PMC6768940 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is one of the most widely studied tumorigenesis-related genes. The primary objective of this study was assessment of possible roles of VDR gene polymorphisms in acromegaly, with regard to the activity of the disease and compared them with a control group. Furthermore, we have assessed the associations between these polymorphisms with vitamin D status as well as with TBS (trabecular bone score) and risk for osteoporotic fracture in acromegaly patients. Materials and Methods: We studied 69 patients with acromegaly and 51 healthy controls (CG). Acromegaly patients were divided into three subgroups on the basis of disease activity (AA, active acromegaly; CD, controlled disease; CA, cured acromegaly). In all patients, blood samples were obtained to assess the hormonal and metabolic status as well as genetic analysis. VDR polymorphisms were determined by means of two methods, Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and minisequencing (SNaPshot). Results: Genotype frequencies for VDR ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the acromegaly group as well as in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in distributions of these four VDR genotypes between acromegaly patients and the control group. This study revealed statistically significant negative correlation between risk of major osteoporotic fractures and genotypes tt (TaqI), aa (ApaI) and bb (BsmI) in acromegaly groups. Furthermore, the negative correlations were observed between TBS and risk for major osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures. Conclusions: Our study suggests that tt (TaqI), aa (ApaI) and bb (BsmI) of VDR gene may be associated with better bone quality and microarchitecture (higher TBS), which lead to a lower risk of osteoporotic fractures in acromegaly patients. TBS may be a useful tool for predicting risk of fractures in acromegaly patients.
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Do genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor contribute to breast/ovarian cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gene 2018; 677:211-227. [PMID: 30059751 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the most suitable genetic model for detecting the risk of breast cancer (BC)/ovarian cancer (OC) in specific populations. METHODS Databases were searched for related studies published up to October 2017. First, VDR genetic polymorphisms were compared in patients with and without cancer. Second, a network meta-analysis was used to reveal the relation between VDR genetic polymorphisms with disease outcomes. Subgroup analyses and a meta-regression were performed according to cancer types, ethnicity and genotypic method. The study is registered in PROSPERO with an ID: CRD42017075505. RESULTS Forty-five studies were eligible, which included 65,754 patients and 55 clinical analyses. Of genetic models, results suggested that the recessive model with the CDX2 polymorphism predicted the risk of BC in all cases. The recessive polymorphism model with the rs2228570 (FokI) polymorphism seemed to the best predictor of BC in Caucasian patients, whereas the homozygote model with the CDX2 polymorphism appeared to best predict BC in African-American patients. The homozygote model with the rs2228570 (FokI) polymorphism model appeared to detect the risk of OC in all cases, whereas the heterozygote model with the rs1544410 (BsmI) polymorphism seemed to detect the risk of OC in Caucasian patients. CONCLUSIONS By detecting the risk of BC, the recessive model with the rs2228570 (FokI) polymorphism is likely the best genetic model in Caucasian patients, and the homozygote model with the CDX2 polymorphism appears to be best genetic model in African-American patients. Moreover, for detecting clinical risk of OC, heterozygote models with the rs1544410 (BsmI) polymorphism is likely the best genetic model for detecting the risk of OC in Caucasian patients.
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Role of nutritional vitamin D in osteoporosis treatment. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:179-191. [PMID: 29782843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. The World Health Organization has defined osteoporosis as a decrease in bone mass (50%) and bony quality (50%). Vitamin D, a steroid hormone, is crucial for skeletal health and in mineral metabolism. Its direct action on osteoblasts and osteoclasts and interaction with nonskeletal tissues help in maintaining a balance between bone turnover and bone growth. Vitamin D affects the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, suggesting that it affects bone formation, bone resorption, and bone quality. At physiological concentrations, active vitamin D maintains a normal rate of bone resorption and formation through the RANKL/OPG signal. However, active vitamin D at pharmacological concentration inhibits bone resorption at a higher rate than that of bone formation, which influences the bone quality and quantity. Nutritional vitamin D rather than active vitamin D activates osteoblasts and maintains serum 25(OH)D3 concentration. Despite many unanswered questions, much data support nutritional vitamin D use in osteoporosis patients. This article emphasizes the role of nutritional vitamin D replacement in different turnover status (high or low bone turnover disorders) of osteoporosis together with either anti-resorptive (Bisphosphonate, Denosumab et.) or anabolic (Teriparatide) agents when osteoporosis persists.
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