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Blanes-García M, Marinović Z, Herranz-Jusdado JG, Xie X, Ferrão L, Gallego V, Pérez L, Baloch AR, Horváth Á, Pšenička M, Asturiano JF, Morini M. Characterization of potential spermatogonia biomarker genes in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01338-1. [PMID: 38639895 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Identification of specific molecular markers for spermatogonial stem cells in teleost is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of reproductive biotechnologies in aquaculture, such as transplantation and surrogate production in fishes. Since it is not yet possible to distinguish spermatogonial stem cells of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) using specific molecular markers, we isolated spermatogonial cells from immature European eels to find these potential markers. We attempted this by studying three candidate genes: vasa, nanos2, and dnd1. Two vasa (vasa1 and vasa2) genes, nanos2, and dnd1 were identified, characterized, and studied in the muscle, testis, and isolated spermatogonia. Our results showed that vasa1 and vasa2 had the highest levels of expression when measured by qPCR. In situ hybridization and immunochemistry assays showed that the four genes were localized explicitly in type A spermatogonia. However, vasa1 and vasa2 exhibited stronger signals in the immature testicular tissue than the other two potential markers. According to this, vasa1 and vasa2 were found to be the most effective markers for spermatogonial cells in the European eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Blanes-García
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Juan Germán Herranz-Jusdado
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xuan Xie
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Leonor Ferrão
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luz Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Martin Pšenička
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Juan F Asturiano
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marina Morini
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Vasa Is a Potential Germ Cell Marker in Leopard Coral Grouper ( Plectropomus leopardus). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061077. [PMID: 35741839 PMCID: PMC9222667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasa (Ddx4, DEAD box polypeptide 4), an extremely specific marker of germ cells in vivo, is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that plays an essential role in germ cell development and gametogenesis. However, the expression and function information about this gene in groupers remains lacking. Here, vasa homolog termed Plvasa was isolated and identified Plvasa as a putative germ cell marker in the leopard coral grouper, (Plectropomus leopardus). Results indicated that Plvasa contained 17 exons in the genomic sequence and 9 conserved motifs of the DEAD-box protein by sequence analysis. The sequence comparison, phylogenetic analyses and synteny analyses showed that Plvasa was homologous with other teleosts. Additionally, the expression of Plvasa was significantly higher in gonads than in other tissues in adult individuals (p < 0.05). Further, the distribution of Plvasa revealed that it was only expressed in the germ cells, such as spermatids, germline stem cells and oocytes at different stages, and could not be detected in the somatic cells of gonads. The current study verified that the Plvasa gene is a valuable molecular marker of germ cells in leopard coral grouper, which potentially plays an important role in investigating the genesis and development of teleost germ cells.
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Chen X, Zhu Y, Zhu T, Song P, Guo J, Zhong Y, Gui L, Li M. Vasa identifies germ cells in embryos and gonads of Oryzias celebensis. Gene X 2022; 823:146369. [PMID: 35240256 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasa is the most studied germ cell marker that is indispensable for germ cell development in teleost fishes. Here, a vasa full-length cDNA from Oryzias celebensis was isolated. Analysis of gene expression by reversed transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization showed the vasa transcript was maternally inherited and specifically expressed in germ cells during embryogenesis and in adult gonads. During embryogenesis, vasa mRNA was widely distributed in the embryos until the somitogenesis stage and then specifically expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs). In the testis, vasa expression was highest in spermatogonia and gradually decreased during spermatogenesis. In ovary, vasa expression was present predominantly in immature oocytes and persisted throughout oogenesis. Constructs containing green or red fluorescence proteins and vasa 3' UTR or dnd 3' UTR, confirmed stable vasa expression in the PGCs of O. celebensis and co-expression of the two genes. In summary, the conservation of vasa expression in embryonic and adult germ cells of both sexes compared to other vertebrates suggests its function is also widely conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Begum S, Gnanasree SM, Anusha N, Senthilkumaran B. Germ cell markers in fishes - A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhou L, Xu S, Lin F, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yu D, Liu Q, Li J. Both of marine fish species Oryzias melastigma and Pagrus major all failing in early localization at embryo stage by vasa RNA. Gene 2020; 769:145204. [PMID: 33031890 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Germ cells are essential for gonadal development. As precursors of germ cells, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are particularly important for germline formation. However, the research on distribution patterns of PGCs in marine fish is very limited, especially for economic species. The vasa gene has been widely used as marker to identify PGCs origination and migration because of vasa RNA is a component of germ plasm. In this study, we isolated full-length vasa cDNA (Omvas and Pmvas) from marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and red seabream (Pagrus major), detected vasa transcripts in different tissues by RT-PCR and described vasa expression patterns during embryogenesis and gametogenesis by in situ hybridization. At the same time, we also explored the relationship between early distribution of germ plasm components and species evolution. The results demonstrated that deduced amino acid sequence of Omvas and Pmvas shared several conserved motifs of Vasa homologues and high identity with other teleost, and vasa transcripts were exclusively detected in early germ cells of gonad. During embryogenesis, vasa RNA of both fishes, like medaka (Oryzias latipes), failed to localize at cleavage furrows and distributed uniformly throughout each blastomere. This study firstly discovered that the marine economic fish, red seabream, lost vasa RNA early specific localization at cleavage furrows and distinctive distribution in germ cells. In addition, compared with other teleost, we found that early distribution of germ plasm might not relate to species evolution. This will improve our understanding of vasa localization modes in teleost, and facilitate fish germ cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yunong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daode Yu
- Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Hayman ES, Fairgrieve WT, Luckenbach JA. Molecular and morphological sex differentiation in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a marine teleost with XX/XY sex determination. Gene 2020; 764:145093. [PMID: 32866588 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic sex of an organism is determined by molecular changes in the gonads, so-called molecular sex differentiation, which should precede the rise of cellular or anatomical sex-distinguishing features. This study characterized molecular and morphological sex differentiation in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), a marine teleost with established XX/XY genotypic sex determination. Next generation sequencing was conducted on sablefish ovarian and testicular mRNAs to obtain sequences for transcripts associated with vertebrate sex determination and differentiation and early reproductive development. Gene-specific PCRs were developed to determine the distribution and ontogenetic gonadal expression of transcription, growth, steroidogenic and germline factors, as well as gonadotropin and steroid receptors. Molecular changes associated with sex differentiation were first apparent in both XY- and XX-genotype sablefish at ~ 60 mm in body length and prior to histological signs of sex differentiation. The earliest and most robust markers of testicular differentiation were gsdf, amh, dmrt1, cyp11b, star, sox9a, and fshr. Markedly elevated mRNA levels of several steroidogenesis-related genes and ar2 in differentiating testes suggested that androgens play a role in sablefish testicular differentiation. The earliest markers of ovarian differentiation were cyp19a1a, lhcgr, foxl2, nr0b1, and igf3. Other transcripts such as figla, zp3, and pou5f3 were expressed predominantly in XX-genotype fish and significantly increased with the first appearance and subsequent development of primary oocytes. This study provides valuable insight to the developmental sequence of events associated with gonadal sex differentiation in marine teleosts with XX/XY sex determination. It also implicates particular genes in processes of male and female development and establishes robust molecular markers for phenotypic sex in sablefish, useful for ongoing work related to sex control and reproductive sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Hayman
- Ocean Associates Inc., Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - William T Fairgrieve
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - J Adam Luckenbach
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) Stem Spermatogonia: Histological Characterization, Immunostaining, In Vitro Proliferation, and Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050851. [PMID: 32423131 PMCID: PMC7278407 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The meagre, Argyrosomus regius, is a valued fish species of which aquaculture production might be supported by the development of a stem germ cell xenotransplantation technology. Meagre males were sampled at a fish farm in the Ionian Sea (Italy) at the beginning and end of the reproductive season. Small and large Type A undifferentiated spermatogonia were histologically identified in the germinal epithelium. Among the tested stemness markers, anti-oct4 and anti-vasa antibodies labeled cells likely corresponding to the small single Type A spermatogonia; no labeling was obtained with anti-GFRA1 and anti-Nanos2 antibodies. Two types of single A spermatogonia were purified via density gradient centrifugation of enzymatically digested testes. Testes from fish in active spermatogenesis resulted in a more efficient spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) yield. After cell seeding, meagre SSCs showed active proliferation from Day 7 to Day 21 and were cultured up to Day 41. After cryopreservation in dimethyl-sulfoxide-based medium, cell viability was 28.5%. In conclusion, these results indicated that meagre SSCs could be isolated, characterized, cultured in vitro, successfully cryopreserved, and used after thawing. This is a first step towards the development of a xenotransplantation technology that might facilitate the reproduction of this valuable species in captivity.
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