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Shen Y, Liu C, Yang T, Tang Y, Shen Y, Gu Y. Transcriptome characterization of human gingival mesenchymal and periodontal ligament stem cells in response to electronic-cigarettes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121307. [PMID: 36804562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicities and threats of electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) on periodontal health remain elusive. Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) contribute to cell differentiation and regeneration for periodontium as well as inflammatory modulation. However, the effects of E-cig exposure on periodontal tissues, particularly GMSCs and PDLSCs, and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to examine the transcriptome of human GMSCs and PDLSCs exposed to four types of E-cigs (aerosol and liquid with tobacco and menthol flavor) and conventional tobacco smoke in vitro. Our results showed that E-cig exposure primarily impacted the immunoregulation and inflammatory responses to pathogenic microorganisms in GMSCs, and the microenvironment, differentiation and response to corticosteroid in PDLSCs, which were significantly different from the damage effects caused by tobacco smoke. Additionally, we discovered a large number of differentially expressed non-coding RNAs among the different E-cig exposure methods and flavors. We also noticed that in GMSCs, CXCL2 was especially down-regulated by E-cig aerosol exposure whereas up-regulated by E-liquid exposure compared to control. Of note, the enhancer elements near CXCL2 and other genes located at Chromosome 4 contributed to the transcription activity of these genes, and KDM6B was remarkably elevated in response to E-liquid exposure. Lastly, we conducted ChIP-seq analysis to confirm that the elevated gene transcription by E-liquids was due to the weakened H3K27me3 at genome-wide enhancer elements in GMSCs, but not at promoter regions. Taken together, our results characterized the diverse gene expression profiles of GMSCs and PDLSCs in response to E-cigs with different exposure methods and flavors in vitro, and indicated a novel mechanism of KDM6B-mediated H3K27me3 on enhancers for gene transcription regulation. Our data could be served as a resource for emphasizing the understanding of E-cigs in periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Shen
- Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, China
| | - Yihang Shen
- Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, China
| | - Yongchun Gu
- Department of Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215200, China.
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Zhao X, Xie Z, Rao N, Zhang S, Zhang Y. Effect of dermatopontin on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Gene 2023; 858:147185. [PMID: 36632910 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising seed cells for oral bone tissue engineering. Dermatopontin (DPT) is a small-molecule protein recognized as a non-collagenous component of the extracellular matrix and is associated with a variety of biological processes. In this study, we first determined that DPT was elevated during the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. HPDLSCs interfering with DPT expression were established by lentiviral infection. It was found that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of hPDLSCs were inhibited after interfering DPT with lentivirus. Exogenous recombinant DPT treatment could not alter the proliferation of hPDLSCs. Coincidentally, exogenous DPT can only enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in the control lentivirus group, but had no significant effect on the DPT interference group. This study expands the understanding of DPT function and implicates DPT as an important target for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Zhao
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Nanquan Rao
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, PR China.
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Lei T, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Du H. Comparative proteomics analysis of human stem cells from dental gingival and periodontal ligament. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200027. [PMID: 35297194 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dental stem cells isolated from oral tissues have been shown to provide with high proliferation ability and multilineage differentiation potential. Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), kinds of dental stem cells, can be used as substitutes for tissue repair materials because of their similar regenerative functions. In this study, we aim to explore the similarities and differences between the protein profiles of GMSCs and PDLSCs through quantitative proteomics. A total of 2821 proteins were identified and retrieved, of which 271 were up-regulated and 57 were down-regulated in GMSCs compared to PDLSCs. GO analysis demonstrated that the 328 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were involved in the regulation of gene expression, metabolism and signal transduction in biological process, mainly distributed in organelles related to vesicle transport, and involved in the molecular function of binding protein. And KEGG analysis showed that the DAPs were committed to regulating the synthesis of proteasome and spliceosome. RT-qPCR results showed that ARPC1B, PDAP1 and SEC61B can be used as special markers to distinguish GMSCs from PDLSCs. This research contributes to explaining the molecular mechanism and promoting the clinical application of tissue regeneration of GMSCs and PDLSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Kangyanbao Stem Cell (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Lin Y, Tang Z, Jin L, Yang Y. The Expression and Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Periodontal Ligament Cells: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020304. [PMID: 35204802 PMCID: PMC8869287 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a pivotal role in periodontal and bone homeostasis and have promising potential for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. There is compelling evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in PDL cells compared to other cell types and that these lncRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes. This study systematically reviews the current evidence regarding the expression and regulatory functions of lncRNAs in PDL cells during various biological processes. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar to include articles published up to 1 July 2021. Original research articles that investigated the expression or regulation of lncRNAs in PDL cells were selected and evaluated for a systematic review. Fifty studies were ultimately included, based on our eligibility criteria. Thirteen of these studies broadly explored the expression profiles of lncRNAs in PDL cells using microarray or RNA sequencing. Nineteen studies investigated the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate osteogenic differentiation in PDL cells. The remaining 18 studies investigated the mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate the responses of PDL cells to various stimuli, namely, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced inflammation, mechanical stress, oxidative stress, or hypoxia. We systematically reviewed studies on the expression and regulatory roles of lncRNAs in diverse biological processes in PDL cells, including osteogenic differentiation and cellular responses to inflammation, mechanical stress, and other stimuli. These results provide new insights that may guide the development of lncRNA-based therapeutics for periodontal and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lin
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhongyuan Tang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu Y, Fu D. lncRNA ZNF710-AS1 Acts as a ceRNA for miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p to Accelerate Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs by Upregulating the BMP6/Smad1/5/9 Pathway. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Dentistry Department, Jiufeng Street Health Service Center of East Lake Gaoxin District
| | - Dongjie Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
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Jia L, Zhang Y, Li D, Zhang W, Zhang D, Xu X. Analyses of key mRNAs and lncRNAs for different osteo-differentiation potentials of periodontal ligament stem cell and gingival mesenchymal stem cell. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6217-6231. [PMID: 34028189 PMCID: PMC8256345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) are candidate seed cells for bone tissue engineering, but the osteo-differentiation ability of the latter is weaker than the former, and the mechanisms are unknown. To explore the potential regulation of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), this study obtained the gene expression profiles of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs in both undifferentiated and osteo-differentiated conditions by microarray assay and then analysed the common and specific differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in hPDLSCs and hGMSCs through bioinformatics method. The results showed that 275 mRNAs and 126 lncRNAs displayed similar changing patterns in hPDLSCs and hGMSCs after osteogenic induction, which may regulate the osteo-differentiation in both types of cells. In addition, the expression of 223 mRNAs and 238 lncRNAs altered only in hPDLSCs after osteogenic induction, and 177 mRNAs and 170 lncRNAs changed only in hGMSCs. These cell-specific differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs could underlie the different osteo-differentiation potentials of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs. Finally, dickkopf Wnt signalling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) was proved to be one regulator for the weaker osteo-differentiation ability of hGMSCs through validation experiments. We hope these results help to reveal new mRNAs-lncRNAs-based molecular mechanism for osteo-differentiation of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs and provide clues on strategies for improving stem cell-mediated bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Jia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Dongfang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5521715. [PMID: 34046069 PMCID: PMC8128613 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs. These messages help to control the composition and function of dental-derived MSCs and thus accelerate the translation of cell therapy into clinical practice.
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He J, Huang Y, Liu J, Ge L, Tang X, Lu M, Hu Z. Hypoxic conditioned promotes the proliferation of human olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells and relevant lncRNA and mRNA analysis. Life Sci 2020; 265:118861. [PMID: 33301811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS LncRNAs are involved in many biological processes, and hypoxia contributed to the alterations of lncRNAs. Hypoxic preconditioned olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) exerted stronger anti-apoptotic ability in models of disease, but the molecules that controlled different biological characteristics of human OM-MSCs between hypoxic and normoxic conditions were unclear. The present study was aimed to explore the molecules that controlled different biological characteristics of human OM-MSCs between hypoxic and normoxic conditions. MAIN METHODS LncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles of human OM-MSCs between hypoxic (3%) and normoxic conditions were analyzed by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis, bioinformatics analysis on these data were further performed. Moreover, loss-of function assay was conducted to investigate the impact of hypoxic condition on the proliferation and apoptosis of OM-MSCs. KEY FINDINGS Through the comparative analysis and bioinformatics analysis, a total of 1741 lncRNAs and 1603 mRNAs were significant differentially expressed in the hypoxia group compared with normoxia group. Enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes of human OM-MSCs mainly participated in cell cycle regulation, secretin of cytokines and so on. Meanwhile, hypoxic condition significantly promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of human OM-MSCs, following loss-of-function assays confirmed that lncRNA DARS-AS1 were involved in this regulatory process by hypoxic condition. Further prediction of targeted genes and the construction of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network enriched the significance regarding the mechanism of DARS-AS1. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, these findings provided a new perspective for understanding the molecules expression patterns in hypoxia that contributed to corresponding phenotype alterations of OM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
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Zhang J, Liu X, Wan C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Meng C, Zhang Y, Jiang C. NLRP3 inflammasome mediates M1 macrophage polarization and IL‐1β production in inflammatory root resorption. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:451-460. [PMID: 31976565 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chunyan Wan
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
- Department of Endodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chenda Meng
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
- School of Stomatology Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Qian J, Yang J, Liu X, Chen Z, Yan X, Gu H, Xue Q, Zhou X, Gai L, Lu P, Shi Y, Yao N. Analysis of lncRNA-mRNA networks after MEK1/2 inhibition based on WGCNA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3657-3668. [PMID: 31583713 PMCID: PMC6972678 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) responds poorly to treatment. Efforts have been exerted to prolong the survival time of PDA, but the 5-year survival rates remain disappointing. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PDA development is significant. MEK/ERK pathway signaling has been proven to be important in PDA. lncRNA-mRNA networks have become a vital part of molecular mechanisms in the MEK/ERK pathway. Herein, weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to investigate the coexpressed lncRNA-mRNA networks in the MEK/ERK pathway based on GSE45765. Differently expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) were found and 10 modules were identified based on coexpression profiles. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were then performed to analyze the coexpressed lncRNA and mRNA in different modules. PDA cells and tissues were used to validate the analysis results. Finally, we found that NONHSAT185150.1 and B4GALT6 were negatively correlated with MEK1/2. By analyzing GSE45765, the genome-wide profiles of lncRNA-mRNA network after MEK1/2 was established, which might aid the development of drug-targeting MEK1/2 and the investigation of diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodi Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingqin Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Gai
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengpeng Lu
- Department of Oncology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ninghua Yao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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