1
|
Go M, Shim SH. Genomic aspects in reproductive medicine. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2024; 51:91-101. [PMID: 38263590 PMCID: PMC11140259 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a complex disease characterized by extreme genetic heterogeneity, compounded by various environmental factors. While there are exceptions, individual genetic and genomic variations related to infertility are typically rare, often family-specific, and may serve as susceptibility factors rather than direct causes of the disease. Consequently, identifying the cause of infertility and developing prevention and treatment strategies based on these factors remain challenging tasks, even in the modern genomic era. In this review, we first examine the genetic and genomic variations associated with infertility, and subsequently summarize the concepts and methods of preimplantation genetic testing in light of advances in genome analysis technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyeon Go
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xin X, Xu P, Wang N, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Huang H, Feng L, Wang S. Copy number variations (CNVs) and karyotyping analysis in males with azoospermia and oligospermia. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:213. [PMID: 37684669 PMCID: PMC10485952 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the essential roles that genetic factors play in azoospermia and oligospermia, this study aims to identify abnormal chromosomes using karyotyping and CNVs and elucidate the associated genes in patients. METHODS A total of 1157 azoospermia and oligospermia patients were recruited, of whom, 769 and 674 underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify CNVs and routine G-band karyotyping, respectively. RESULTS First, 286 patients were co-analyzed using CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) and karyotyping. Of the 725 and 432 patients with azoospermia and oligospermia, 33.8% and 48.9% had abnormal karyotypes and CNVs, respectively. In particular, 47,XXY accounted for 44.18% and 26.33% of abnormal karyotypes and CNVs, respectively, representing the most frequent genetic aberration in azoospermia and oligospermia patients. Nevertheless, big Y and small Y accounted for 7.46% and 16.67% of abnormal karyotypes, respectively. We also identified high-frequency CNVs-loci, such as Xp22.31 and 2p24.3, in azoospermia and oligospermia patients. CONCLUSION Sex chromosome and autosomal CNV loci, such as Xp22.31 and 2p24.3, as well as the associated genes, such as VCX and NACAP9, could be candidate spermatogenesis genes. The high-frequency abnormal karyotypes, CNV loci, and hot genes represent new targets for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of perinatal laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of perinatal laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu M, Chen M, Guo N, Lin M, Li Y, Huang H, Cai M, Xu L. Molecular genetic analysis of 1,980 cases of male infertility. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:345. [PMID: 37383371 PMCID: PMC10294593 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of chromosomal karyotype abnormalities and azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletion on the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yq) in infertile men, and to determine their association with infertility to ultimately improve clinical outcomes in these patients. A total of 1,980 azoospermic and oligospermic men from the outpatient department of the Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) were recruited between January 2016 and December 2019. Peripheral blood was used for karyotype analysis; AZF microdeletion analysis of the Yq was performed using capillary electrophoresis. Among the 1,980 patients, 178 had chromosomal abnormalities (9.0%; 178/1,980), of whom 98 had an abnormal number of chromosomes. Among the abnormal karyotypes, the most common was 47, XXY (80/178; 44.9%). AZF microdeletion on the Yq occurred at a rate of 10.66% (211/1,980); the most common type was the AZFb/c deletion (sY1192; 140/211; 66.4%). The present findings showed that karyotype abnormalities and AZF gene microdeletion are important drivers of male infertility. Specifically, men with Yqh- and del(Y)(q11) had a higher risk of AZF microdeletion. These results suggested that patient treatment could be personalized based on routine molecular genetic analysis, which could further alleviate the economic and emotional burden of undergoing redundant or ineffective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Fu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Meihuan Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Guo
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Meiying Cai
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heydari R, Jangravi Z, Maleknia S, Seresht-Ahmadi M, Bahari Z, Salekdeh GH, Meyfour A. Y chromosome is moving out of sex determination shadow. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:4. [PMID: 34983649 PMCID: PMC8724748 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sex hormones play a key role in sex differences in susceptibility, severity, outcomes, and response to therapy of different diseases, sex chromosomes are also increasingly recognized as an important factor. Studies demonstrated that the Y chromosome is not a 'genetic wasteland' and can be a useful genetic marker for interpreting various male-specific physiological and pathophysiological characteristics. Y chromosome harbors male‑specific genes, which either solely or in cooperation with their X-counterpart, and independent or in conjunction with sex hormones have a considerable impact on basic physiology and disease mechanisms in most or all tissues development. Furthermore, loss of Y chromosome and/or aberrant expression of Y chromosome genes cause sex differences in disease mechanisms. With the launch of the human proteome project (HPP), the association of Y chromosome proteins with pathological conditions has been increasingly explored. In this review, the involvement of Y chromosome genes in male-specific diseases such as prostate cancer and the cases that are more prevalent in men, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and cancers, has been highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Y chromosome-related diseases can have a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Maleknia
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Seresht-Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Wang G, Zhang F, Dai L. An NGS-based approach to identify Y-chromosome variation in non-obstructive azoospermia. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14201. [PMID: 34350635 DOI: 10.1111/and.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs), including deletions and duplications on the Y chromosome, are known genetic factors in azoospermia. Therefore, it is important to identify novel pathogenic CNVs related to azoospermia. In this study, we compared CNVs detected by STS-PCR and NGS in 107 individuals with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). STS-PCR analysis revealed that 8.14% (9/107) of patients had AZF deletions. The highest percentage of deletions was located in the AZFc region, followed by AZFa and AZFb+c. Positive CNVs, including four duplications, six deletions and three complex CNVs, were detected using NGS methods in 12.15% (13/107) of NOA patients. Both the duplications and deletions detected in q11.223 were confirmed to increase the genetic risk for NOA. A comparison between the STS-PCR results and NGS methods revealed concordant CNV-positive results in 4 of 107 cases (3.74%). The discrepancies included 6 cases with CNVs identified by NGS but not detected by STS-PCR, and two cases were detected by STS-PCR but not by NGS. Notably, four duplications were not identified and three complex CNVs were detected as simple deletions using STS-PCR analysis. The NGS method provides comprehensive results in detecting Y chromosome-linked CNVs, including deletions and duplications, which might broaden our understanding of NOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Reproductive Center, Yinchuan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Disorders of Sex Development-Novel Regulators, Impacts on Fertility, and Options for Fertility Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072282. [PMID: 32224856 PMCID: PMC7178030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders (or differences) of sex development (DSD) are a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions with variations in chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. Impaired gonadal development is central to the pathogenesis of the majority of DSDs and therefore a clear understanding of gonadal development is essential to comprehend the impacts of these disorders on the individual, including impacts on future fertility. Gonadal development was traditionally considered to involve a primary 'male' pathway leading to testicular development as a result of expression of a small number of key testis-determining genes. However, it is increasingly recognized that there are several gene networks involved in the development of the bipotential gonad towards either a testicular or ovarian fate. This includes genes that act antagonistically to regulate gonadal development. This review will highlight some of the novel regulators of gonadal development and how the identification of these has enhanced understanding of gonadal development and the pathogenesis of DSD. We will also describe the impact of DSDs on fertility and options for fertility preservation in this context.
Collapse
|