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Mitochondrial DNA variation of the caracal (Caracal caracal) in Iran and range-wide phylogeographic comparisons. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wright EA, Wiedmeier RC, Roberts EK, Pipkin DR, Hernández F, Bayouth JP, Conway WC, Bradley RD. Distinct mtDNA lineages in free‐ranging
Ammotragus
(aoudad) from the United States indicate multiple introductions from northern Africa. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8849. [PMID: 35462978 PMCID: PMC9018999 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation records indicate aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) populations in the United States are a product of multiple human‐mediated introductions. Two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b, cytb; displacement loop, D loop) and one nuclear gene (prion protein gene exon 3, PRNP) were used to determine: (1) genetic variation, (2) if genetic units correspond to taxonomic designations, (3) the number and geographic origin of translocations, and (4) divergence times. Three phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and parsimony) produced similar topologies with two clades (I and II). Clade I contained progeny of individuals resulting from introductions to Texas and Spain, and individuals from Algeria. Individuals in Clade II were progeny of past introductions to the United States and Europe, and northern Algeria. Clade II was subdivided into two subclades (A and B) representing two haplogroups. No genetic variation was detected in the PRNP sequences. Three haplogroups appeared to correspond to the subspecies A. l. lervia and A. l. sahariensis whose native distribution includes northwestern Africa. Network analyses assigned haplogroups to two major groups similar to those depicted in the phylogenetic analyses. Genetic distances ranged from 0.80% to 5.17% and 2.99% to 15.42% for cytb and D loop, respectively; and were higher than normally recovered for caprids, warranting a reexamination of subspecific status. Divergence dates indicated a major split between A. l. lervia and A. l. sahariensis circa 2.38 mya. Together, the high level of genetic divergences among US populations and apparent presence of two subspecies of aoudad in the United States support the hypothesis of multiple introductions from multiple sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Wright
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | | | | | - David R. Pipkin
- U.S. Department of AgricultureAPHIS, Wildlife ServicesCanyonTexasUSA
| | | | - Joseph P. Bayouth
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Warren C. Conway
- Department of Natural Resources ManagementTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Robert D. Bradley
- Department of Biological SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
- Museum of Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
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Stipoljev S, Safner T, Gančević P, Galov A, Stuhne T, Svetličić I, Grignolio S, Cassinello J, Šprem N. Population structure and genetic diversity of non-native aoudad populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12300. [PMID: 34112859 PMCID: PMC8192935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aoudad (Ammotragus lervia Pallas 1777) is an ungulate species, native to the mountain ranges of North Africa. In the second half of the twentieth century, it was successfully introduced in some European countries, mainly for hunting purposes, i.e. in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Italy, and Spain. We used neutral genetic markers, the mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite loci, to characterize and compare genetic diversity and spatial pattern of genetic structure on different timeframes among all European aoudad populations. Four distinct control region haplotypes found in European aoudad populations indicate that the aoudad has been introduced in Europe from multiple genetic sources, with the population in the Sierra Espuña as the only population in which more than one haplotype was detected. The number of detected microsatellite alleles within all populations (< 3.61) and mean proportion of shared alleles within all analysed populations (< 0.55) indicates relatively low genetic variability, as expected for new populations funded by a small number of individuals. In STRUCTURE results with K = 2-4, Croatian and Czech populations cluster in the same genetic cluster, indicating joined origin. Among three populations from Spain, Almeria population shows as genetically distinct from others in results, while other Spanish populations diverge at K = 4. Maintenance of genetic diversity should be included in the management of populations to sustain their viability, specially for small Czech population with high proportion of shared alleles (0.85) and Croatian population that had the smallest estimated effective population size (Ne = 5.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Stipoljev
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toni Safner
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Pavao Gančević
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Galov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Stuhne
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ida Svetličić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jorge Cassinello
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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