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Converging evidence that short-active photoperiod increases acetylcholine signaling in the hippocampus. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1173-1183. [PMID: 32794101 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in environmental light influence switches between moods in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and bipolar disorder (BD), with depression arising during short active (SA) winter periods. Light-induced changes in behavior are also seen in healthy animals and are intensified in mice with reduced dopamine transporter expression. Specifically, decreasing the nocturnal active period (SA) of mice increases punishment perseveration and forced swim test (FST) immobility. Elevating acetylcholine with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine induces depression symptoms in people and increases FST immobility in mice. We used SA photoperiods and physostigmine to elevate acetylcholine prior to testing in a probabilistic learning task and the FST, including reversing subsequent deficits with nicotinic and scopolamine antagonists and targeted hippocampal adeno-associated viral administration. We confirmed that physostigmine also increases punishment sensitivity in a probabilistic learning paradigm. In addition, muscarinic and nicotinic receptor blockade attenuated both physostigmine-induced and SA-induced phenotypes. Finally, viral-mediated hippocampal expression of human AChE used to lower ACh levels blocked SA-induced elevation of FST immobility. These results indicate that increased hippocampal acetylcholine neurotransmission is necessary for the expression of SA exposure-induced behaviors. Furthermore, these studies support the potential for cholinergic treatments in depression. Taken together, these results provide evidence for hippocampal cholinergic mechanisms in contributing to seasonally depressed affective states induced by short day lengths.
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Cools O, Hebbrecht K, Coppens V, Roosens L, De Witte A, Morrens M, Neels H, Sabbe B. Pharmacotherapy and nutritional supplements for seasonal affective disorders: a systematic review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1221-1233. [PMID: 30048159 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1501359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of unipolar and bipolar major depressive disorders. It is characterized by its annual recurrence of depressive episodes at a particular season, mostly seen in winter and is responsible for 10-20% of the prevalence of major depressive disorders. Some pathophysiological hypotheses, such as the phase delay and the monoamine depletion hypotheses, have been postulated but the exact cause has not been fully unraveled yet. Studies on treatment for SAD in the last decade are lacking. To tackle this chronic disease, attention needs to be drawn to the gaps in this research field. AREAS COVERED In this systematic review, the authors give a broad overview of the pharmacological therapy available for SAD. Also, nutritional substances fitting well with the postulated hypotheses are reviewed for the treatment and prevention of SAD. There is a specific focus on the quality of the currently performed studies. EXPERT OPINION Light therapy and fluoxetine are the only proven and effective acute treatment options for SAD, while bupropion is the only registered drug for prevention of SAD. This area of research is in dire need of valid large-scale and sufficiently reproducible randomized control trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cools
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp. Campus Drie Eiken , Antwerpen , Belgium
- b University Department, Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
| | - Kaat Hebbrecht
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp. Campus Drie Eiken , Antwerpen , Belgium
- b University Department, Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
| | - Violette Coppens
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp. Campus Drie Eiken , Antwerpen , Belgium
- b University Department, Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
| | - Laurence Roosens
- c Toxicological center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp. Campus Drie Eiken - gebouw S , Antwerpen , Belgium
| | - Andy De Witte
- d Psychiatric Unit of the academic hospital Sint-Vincentius Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp. Campus Drie Eiken , Antwerpen , Belgium
- b University Department, Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
| | - Hugo Neels
- c Toxicological center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp. Campus Drie Eiken - gebouw S , Antwerpen , Belgium
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- a Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Antwerp. Campus Drie Eiken , Antwerpen , Belgium
- b University Department, Psychiatric Hospital Duffel , Duffel , Belgium
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Mohyuddin H, Georgiou P, Wadhawan A, Daue ML, Brenner LA, Gragnoli C, Saunders EFH, Fuchs D, Lowry CA, Postolache TT. Seasonality of blood neopterin levels in the Old Order Amish. Pteridines 2017; 28:163-176. [PMID: 29657362 DOI: 10.1515/pterid-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal changes in non-human animals and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in humans are associated with immune activation in winter relative to summer. We intended to measure seasonal variation in neopterin, a marker of cellular immunity, and its interactions with gender and seasonality of mood. We studied 320 Amish from Lancaster, PA, USA (men = 128; 40%) with an average age [Standard deviation (SD)] of 56.7 (13.9) years. Blood neopterin level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seasonality was measured with Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Statistical analysis included analysis of covariance (ANCOVAs) and multivariate linear regression. We also investigated interactions of seasonal differences in neopterin with gender, seasonality scores and estimation of SAD diagnosis. We found a significantly higher neopterin level in winter than in summer (p = 0.006). There were no significant gender or seasonality interactions. Our study confirmed the hypothesized higher neopterin level in winter. A cross sectional design was our major limitation. If this finding will be replicated by longitudinal studies in multiple groups, neopterin could be used to monitor immune status across seasons in demographically diverse samples, even if heterogeneous in gender distribution, and degree of seasonality of mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Mohyuddin
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; and Saint Elizabeths' Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melanie L Daue
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; and Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Denver, CO, USA; and Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika F H Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Denver, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA; and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Azorin JM, Belzeaux R, Fakra E, Hantouche EG, Adida M. Characteristics of depressive patients according to family history of affective illness: Findings from a French national cohort. J Affect Disord 2016; 198:15-22. [PMID: 26998792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature is scarce about the characteristics of mood disorder patients with a family history (FH) of affective illness. The aim of the current study was to compare the prominent features of depressive patients with a FH of mania (FHM), those of depressive patients with a FH of depression (FHD), and those of depressive patients with no FH of affective illness (FHO). METHODS As part of the EPIDEP National Multisite French Study of 493 consecutive DSM-IV major depressive patients evaluated in at least two semi-structured interviews 1 month apart, 45 (9.1%) were classified as FHM, 210 (42.6%) as FHD, and 238 (48.3%) as FHO. RESULTS The main characteristics of FHM patients were a cyclothymic temperament, the presence of mixed features and diurnal variations of mood during depression, early sexual behaviour, a high number of mood episodes and hypomanic switches, high rates of suicide attempts and rapid cycling; diagnosis of bipolar disorder was more frequent in this group as well as comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bulimia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and impulse control disorders. The FHD patients had more depressive temperament, generalized anxiety disorder, and anorexia nervosa. Compared to FHO, FHM and FHD showed an earlier age at onset, more comorbid anxiety disorders, as well as more psychotic features. LIMITATIONS The following are the limitations of this study: retrospective design, recall bias, and preferential enrolment of bipolar patients with a depressive predominant polarity. CONCLUSIONS In light of genetic studies conducted in affective disorder patients, our findings may support the hypothesis of genetic risks factors common to affective disorders and dimensions of temperament, that may extend to comorbid conditions specifically associated with bipolar or unipolar illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Azorin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseilles, France.
| | - R Belzeaux
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseilles, France
| | - E Fakra
- Department of Psychiatry, North Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - M Adida
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseilles, France
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D’Incao DB, Gastaud MB. Investigando a associação entre sintomas e queixas depressivas com as estações do ano. FRACTAL: REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1984-0292/896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A depressão implica diversos prejuízos na vida dos indivíduos, ocasiona desde a incapacitação para o trabalho até o prejuízo nas relações e bem estar. Objetivos Este trabalho buscou investigar se há associação entre queixas e sintomas depressivos e a estação do ano em que pacientes buscam atendimento na área da saúde mental. Método Foi realizado estudo transversal e documental com pacientes adultos e idosos em ambulatório transdisciplinar em Porto Alegre, RS. Resultados Não foi encontrada associação entre motivo de consulta, sintomas depressivos e a estação do ano. Apesar disto, associou-se faixa etária, renda familiar, sexo e fonte de encaminhamento à busca por atendimento psicoterápico em função de patologia depressiva. Conclusões Apesar de não ter encontrado associação entre queixa e sintomatologia depressiva e a estação do ano em que o paciente buscou atendimento, esta pesquisa levantou dados pertinentes e importantes a serem considerados em futuros estudos sobre queixas e sintomas depressivos.
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