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Guo XC, Lu SY, Zhang SN, Xie P, Li GY, Shi ZQ, Zhou YT, Wang YM. Combined inhibitory effects of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR on growth and development in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109824. [PMID: 38154657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread, frequently found, and seriously toxic cyanobacterial toxins in aquatic environments. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) and microcystin-arginine-arginine (MCRR) are the most studied MCs. Normally, their levels are low and they coexist in the environment; however, they may also interact with each other. The developmental toxicity of MCLR in the presence of MCRR in the early life stage of zebrafish (from 2 to 120 h post fertilization) was investigated for the first time in this study. Our findings revealed that MCRR treatment marginally elevated thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels, whereas MCLR treatment alone resulted in a significant increase in T3 and T4 levels, indicating a cooperative effect. Furthermore, clear changes in the expression levels of genes involved in growth and development, accompanied by growth inhibition, were observed after co-treatment with MCRR and MCLR. In addition, zebrafish larvae subjected to MCRR and/or MCLR treatment showed increased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of catalase in the MCRR + MCLR group, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Thus, we investigated the synergistic developmental toxicity of MCRR and MCLR during the early life stages of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shao-Yong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zu-Qin Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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Luo W, Chi S, Wang J, Yu X, Tong J. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of brain-liver-muscle in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with differential growth rate. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101178. [PMID: 38128380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Growth is an important economically trait for aquatic animals. The popularity of farmed channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in China has recently surged, prompting a need for research into the genetic mechanisms that drive growth and development to expedite the selection of fast-growing variants. In this study, the brain, liver and muscle transcriptomes of channel catfish between fast-growing and slow-growing groups were analyzed using RNA-Seq. Totally, 63, 110 and 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were from brain, liver and muscle tissues. DEGs are primarily involved in growth, development, metabolism and immunity, which are related to the growth regulation of channel catfish, such as growth hormone receptor b (ghrb), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (fgfr4), bone morphogenetic protein 1a (bmp1a), insulin-like growth factor 2a (igf2a), collagen, type I, alpha 1a (col1a1a), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 2 (acsl2) and caveolin 1 (cav1). This study advances our knowledge of the genetic mechanisms accounting for differences in growth rate and offers crucial gene resources for future growth-related molecular breeding programs in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Luo
- Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Yancheng Bioengineering Branch, Yancheng Aquatic Science Research Institute, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Shuang Chi
- Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Yancheng Bioengineering Branch, Yancheng Aquatic Science Research Institute, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Junru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Yun K, Jeon H, Lee J, Kho Y, Ji K. Effects of two alternative plasticizers on the growth hormone-related endocrine system, neurodevelopment, and oxidative stress of zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122947. [PMID: 37977359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In response to the restriction of phthalate plasticizers, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) have been used in medical devices and food packaging. In the present study, the effects of ATBC and ATEC on the development, behavior, growth hormone (GH)-related endocrine system, neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress of zebrafish embryo or larvae were investigated. After exposure of zebrafish to ATBC and ATEC (0, 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 μg/L) for 96 h, developmental toxicity, behavioral changes under light/dark condition, changes in hormones and genes involved in GH/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) axis, changes in hormone, enzyme, and genes related to neurodevelopment, antioxidant enzymes activities were determined. Larvae exposed to 30 or 300 μg/L ATBC showed significant reductions in body length and moving distance and speed, whereas no significant effects on development and locomotor behavior were observed in larvae exposed to ATEC. The contents of GH and IGF-I were significantly reduced in larvae exposed to 3, 30, and 300 μg/L ATBC. Hormonal changes in fish exposed to ATBC are well supported by regulation of genes related to GH (gh1) and the activity of IGF-I (igf1). In fish exposed to ATBC, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity and down-regulation of genes related to the central nervous system development (ache, gap43, mbpa, and syn21) were observed. ATBC increased the production of reactive oxygen species and the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Notably, pre-treatment with the classic antioxidant N-acetylcysteine alleviated ATBC-induced GH-related endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity. Our observations showed that exposure to low levels of ATBC could disturb the regulatory systems of GH/IGFs axis and neurobehavior, ultimately leading to developmental inhibition and hypoactivity, and that increased oxidative stress plays a major role in these toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijeong Yun
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Jeon
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea.
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Wang G, Wan D, Wang T, Gong H, Tao Y, Zhang S, Lan H, Li S, Wu M, Zheng X, Sun P. Effects of β-carotene supplementation in the diet of laying breeder hens on the growth performance and liver development of offspring chicks. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4978-4988. [PMID: 37300519 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2218416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, growth regulating factors, and liver morphology of chicks hatched from egg-laying breeding hens dietary supplemented with additives (β-carotene). Hy-line breeding hens were allocated into three groups with three replicates/group. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet as a control (Con), basal diet supplemented with 120 (βc-L) or 240 (βc-H) mg/kg of β-carotene diet. After 6 weeks, the eggs were collected and incubated. The hatched chicks were fed the same diet. The results showed that chicks in the βc-L group increased in body weight at 21 days (p < 0.01). At 42 days, chicks in the βc-H group showed a significant increase in tibia length (p < 0.05). The liver index increased in the βc-L and βc-H groups at 7 days (p < 0.05). Serum HGF (7, 14, 21, and 42 days) and leptin (14 days) were significantly increased in the group supplemented with βc. Hepatic GHR (14 days), IGF-1R (14 days), and LEPR (21 days) mRNA expression were significantly increased. In addition, there was an increase in PCNA-positive cells in the liver of chicks in the βc group. In conclusion, the addition of β-carotene to the diet of laying breeder hens was more advantageous in terms of growth performance and liver development of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Da Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Taiping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haizhou Gong
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Suzhou Free Trade Pilot Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Suo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Okeke ES, Qian X, Che J, Mao G, Chen Y, Xu H, Ding Y, Zeng Z, Wu X, Feng W. Transcriptomic sequencing reveals the potential molecular mechanism by which Tetrabromobisphenol A bis (2-hydroxyethyl ether) exposure exerts developmental neurotoxicity in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109467. [PMID: 36113845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis (2-hydroxyethyl ether) (TBBPA-DHEE) is a derivative of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) used as an intermediate flame retardant in engineering polymers. The mechanism of neurodevelopmental toxicity of TBBPA-DHEE remains unclear due to limited toxicological data. We performed behavioral and transcriptomic analyses to assess the neurodevelopmental effects of TBBPA-DHEE on developing zebrafish and potential toxicity mechanisms. Our result shows that exposure to TBBPA-DHEE significantly increased mortality, deformity rate, and reduction in hatch rate, hatchability, and body length relative to the DMSO control. The behavior analysis indicates that TBBPA-DHEE significantly reduced the spontaneous movement of larva compared to the control. The TSH and GH levels were significantly reduced in all the exposure groups in a concentration-dependent manner relative to the DMSO control. TBBPA-DHEE exhibited a significant reduction in locomotor activity across all the exposure groups in the light/dark locomotion test. The transcriptomic analysis result shows that 579 genes were differentially expressed. KEGG analysis shows the enrichment of complement cascade, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine interaction, and phototransduction pathway resulting in a change in mRNA expression of their genes. These observed changes in developmental endpoints, hormonal level, and alteration in mRNA expression of component genes involved in neurodevelopmental pathways could be part of the possible mechanism of the observed toxic effects of TBBPA-DHEE exposure on zebrafish. This study could reveal the possible neurodevelopmental toxicity of TBBPA-DHEE to aquatic species, which could help uncover the health implications of emerging environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biochemistry, FBS & Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria. https://twitter.com/@ES_Okeke
| | - Xian Qian
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhao Che
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjia Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Yang H, Pu Y, Liu C, Gao L, Duan X, Liu S, Chen D, Zhong L, Li Y. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induce growth inhibition and oxidative stress in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113798. [PMID: 35749998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), widely applied as flame retardant into a variety of products, can be physically leached out to the aquatic environment. Measurable values of TDCIPP have been found in the environment and within biota. Many toxicological assessments have shown that TDCIPP could cause developmental toxicity and oxidative stress in fish. In this study, we focused on the effects of TDCIPP on the growth and oxidative stress of an important commercial fish species in China, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Fish larvae was exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L) of TDCIPP for 7, 14 and 28 days. Simultaneously, the transcription levels of genes associated with the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and the antioxidative enzymes were examined. The body length and body mass of silver carp larvae decreased significantly only under exposure to 5 and 50 μg/L of TDCIPP at 14 days compared with the control group, while differences on those paraments were observed at 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L when larvae were exposed for 28 days. The observation evidenced the time- and dose- dependent growth inhibitions caused by TDCIPP on silver carp larvae. Exposure to TDCIPP also decreased the contents of GH and IGF1 in fish attended by significant down-regulation of gh and igf1. Moreover, TDCIPP up-regulated the expression of cat, sod1 and gstt followed by an increase of the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), but the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were decreased. These results suggested that growth inhibition and oxidative stress co-occurred in silver carp larvae after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TDCIPP accompanied by the abnormal expression of genes which associated with the GH/IGF axis and antioxidative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan Pu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xinbin Duan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Shaoping Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Wu L, Zhong L, Ru H, Yao F, Ni Z, Li Y. Thyroid disruption and growth inhibition of zebrafish embryos/larvae by phenanthrene treatment at environmentally relevant concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106053. [PMID: 34933138 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene induces reproductive and developmental toxicity in fish, but whether it can disrupt the thyroid hormone balance and inhibit growth had not been determined to date. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to phenanthrene (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L) for 7 days. The results of this experiment demonstrated that phenanthrene induced thyroid disruption and growth inhibition in zebrafish larvae. Phenanthrene significantly decreased the concentration of l-thyroxine (T4) but increased that of 3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine (T3). The expression of genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis was altered in zebrafish larvae exposed to phenanthrene. Moreover, phenanthrene exposure significantly increased the malformation rate and significantly reduced the survival rate and the body length of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, phenanthrene significantly decreased the concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Changes observed in gene expression patterns further support the hypothesis that these effects may be related to alterations along the GH/IGF-1 axis. In conclusion, our study indicated that exposure to phenanthrene at concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/L resulted in thyroid disruption and growth inhibition in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, the estimation of phenanthrene levels in the aquatic environment needs to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyin Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Huijun Ru
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
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Meirelles MG, Nornberg BF, da Silveira TLR, Kütter MT, Castro CG, Ramirez JRB, Pedrosa V, Romano LA, Marins LF. Growth Hormone Overexpression Induces Hyperphagia and Intestinal Morphophysiological Adaptations to Improve Nutrient Uptake in Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2021; 12:723853. [PMID: 34539447 PMCID: PMC8442846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.723853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The excess of circulating growth hormone (GH) in most transgenic animals implies mandatory growth resulting in higher metabolic demand. Considering that the intestine is the main organ responsible for the digestion, absorption, and direction of dietary nutrients to other tissues, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which gh overexpression modulates the intestine to support higher growth. For this purpose, we designed an 8-weeks feeding trial to evaluate growth parameters, feed intake, and intestinal morphometric indices in the adult gh-transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. To access the sensitivity of the intestine to the excess of circulating GH, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of intestine GH receptors (GHRs) (ghra and ghrb) was analyzed. In addition, the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1a (igf1a) and genes encoding for di and tripeptide transporters (pept1a and pept1b) were assessed. Gh-transgenic zebrafish had better growth performance and higher feed intake compared to non-transgenic sibling controls. Chronic excess of GH upregulates the expression of its cognate receptor (ghrb) and the main growth factor related to trophic effects in the intestine (igf1a). Moreover, transgenic zebrafish showed an increased intestinal absorptive area and higher expression of crucial genes related to the absorption of products from meal protein degradation. These results reinforce the ability of GH to modulate intestinal morphology and the mechanisms of assimilation of nutrients to sustain the energy demand for the continuous growth induced by the excess of circulating GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela G Meirelles
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Bruna F Nornberg
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Tony L R da Silveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mateus T Kütter
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Caroline G Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juan Rafael B Ramirez
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Romano
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Patologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Marins
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Yu J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Li X, Zhou L, Wang Y, Du T, Ma X, Li J. Investigating the effect of nitrate on juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) growth performance, health status, and endocrine function in marine recirculation aquaculture systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111617. [PMID: 33396137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-), a potential toxic nitrogenous compound to aquatic animals, is distributed in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different NO3- levels on growth performance, health status, and endocrine function of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Fish were exposed to 0 mg/L (control, CK), 50 mg/L (low nitrate, LN), 200 mg/L (medium nitrate, MN), and 400 mg/L (high nitrate, HN) NO3-N for 60 d in experimental RAS. Cumulative survival (CS) was significantly decreased with increasing NO3- levels in LN, MN, and HN. The lowest CS was 35% in the HN group. Growth parameters, including absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion rate, were significantly different in HN compared with that in the CK. Histological survey of gills and liver revealed dose-dependent histopathological damage induced by NO3- exposure and significant differences in glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamate oxalate transaminase in MN and HN compared with that in the CK. The hepatosomatic index in HN was significantly higher than that in the CK. Additionally, NO3- significantly increased bioaccumulation in plasma in LN, MN, and HN compared to that in the CK. Significant decreases in hemoglobin and increases in methemoglobin levels indicated reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in HN. Additionally, qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed to investigate key biomarkers involved in the GH/IGF-1, HPT, and HPI axes. Compared with that in the CK, the abundance of GH, GHRb, and IGF-1 was significantly lower in HN, whereas GHRa did not differ between treatments. The plasma T3 level significantly decreased in LN, MN, and HN and T4 significantly decreased in HN. The CRH, ACTH, and plasma cortisol levels were significantly upregulated in HN compared with that in the CK. We conclude that elevated NO3- exposure leads to growth retardation, impaired health status, and endocrine disorders in turbot and the NO3- level for juvenile turbot culture should not exceed 50 mg/L NO3-N in RAS. Our findings indicate that endocrine dysfunction of the GH/IGF-1, HPT, and HPI axes might be responsible for growth inhibition induced by NO3- exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yongshuang Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tengfei Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaona Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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10
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Muscle cellularity, growth performance and growth-related gene expression of juvenile climbing perch Anabas testudineus in response to different eggs incubation temperature. J Therm Biol 2021; 96:102830. [PMID: 33627269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although indigenous climbing perch (Anabas testudineusis) is a highly valuable species, slow growth pattern during the culture period impeding its commercial success in aquaculture. In many fish species, it has been demonstrated that incubation temperature of eggs influenced the muscle development and growth rates, which persisted throughout the subsequent larval and juvenile phases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether different incubation temperature of eggs prior to hatching can stimulate the muscle development, growth, and growth-related gene expression of the slow-growing indigenous species of climbing perch. The fertilized eggs of A. testudineus from an artificial breeding program were incubated under control temperature of 24 °C (IT24), 26 °C (IT26), 28 °C (IT28), and 30 °C (IT30) in 10L glass aquaria with four replicated units for each temperature treatment. After hatching, the larvae from each incubated temperature were separately reared at ambient temperature for 10 days in aquarium, 20 days in hapas, and the next 42 days in cages, totaling 72 days post-hatching (dph). The hatching rates were found significantly (P < 0.05) higher in IT28 compared to the other incubation temperature treatments. After 72 dph, the growth performances (%length gained, %weight gained and SGR) were found to be significantly highest (P < 0.05) in the IT28, followed by the treatments IT30, IT26, and IT24, respectively. Survival rate (73 ± 1.257%) was also found to be highest in the same treatment. The rate of new muscle fiber formation was identified to be significantly highest (P < 0.05) in IT28 followed by the IT26, IT30 and IT24, respectively. The relative mRNA expression level of GHRH, IGF1, IGF2 and PRL was also significantly highest in the IT28 (P < 0.05) compared to other treatments. Results from the present study clearly suggested that 28 °C is the optimum eggs incubation temperature of the native strain of A. testudineus for its highest growth performances in captive breeding condition.
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11
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Li P, Li ZH. Toxicity evaluation of triphenyltin in zebrafish larvae by embryonic malformation, retinal development, and GH/IGF axis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2101-2107. [PMID: 32821994 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adverse influences of triphenyltin (TPT) on the aquatic system have been of great concern due to their widespread use and ubiquity in water environment, although it has been prohibited as antifouling coatings. In the present study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of TPT on zebrafish embryos by exposure to different concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/l) from 2-h post-fertilization (hpf). Some parameters of developmental abnormalities (hatching, survival, body length, and malformation) were recorded, as well as the expression of several genes involved in the retinal development and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. Our results showed that TPT exposure induced developmental toxicity, including growth inhibition, malformation, and the dysregulation of gene expression levels related to the retinal development and GH/IGF axis. Thus, our data indicated that environmental exposure of TPT could induce developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, and those parameters could extend our understanding of the adverse effects of TPT on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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12
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Canosa LF, Bertucci JI. Nutrient regulation of somatic growth in teleost fish. The interaction between somatic growth, feeding and metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111029. [PMID: 32941926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the current knowledge on the regulation of the somatic growth axis and its interaction with metabolism and feeding regulation. The main endocrine and neuroendocrine factors regulating both the growth axis and feeding behavior will be briefly summarized. Recently discovered neuropeptides and peptide hormones will be mentioned in relation to feeding control as well as growth hormone regulation. In addition, the influence of nutrient and nutrient sensing mechanisms on growth axis will be highlighted. We expect that in this process gaps of knowledge will be exposed, stimulating future research in those areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Dhandare BC, Rather MA, Bhosale BP, Pawar R, Guttula PK, Pagarkar AU. Molecular modeling, docking and dynamic simulations of growth hormone receptor (GHR) of Labeo rohita. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3024-3037. [PMID: 33179589 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormones (GH) have diverse functions like growth promotion, metabolism, appetite, reproduction and social behavior in vertebrates, which is mediated through the growth hormone receptor (GHR). This work was aimed to analyze structural features, homology modeling and molecular docking of Labeo rohita GHR protein. A physicochemical characteristic, like molecular weight was 67.2 kDa and hydropathicity was 0.336. Protein modeling and structure confirmation of L. rohita GHR protein showed 92.7% residues are in the favored region. Selection of ligands and molecular docking shown Melengestrol and Riboflavin ligand showed uppermost binding energy values -7.8 and -7.3 kcal/mol. Molecular interactions describe conventional hydrogen bonding of Melengestrol was observed with VAL94, GLU97, GLU95, TRP57, PHE33, THR34, PRO35, ASP36, PRO37, ARG49, GLY292, LYS291, ILE290, ALA287, LYS289 residues. Riboflavin hydrogen bonds interaction was at PRO37, ASP36, PRO35, THR34, ARG49, SER144, VAL443, GLN442, PRO284, ASP294, ILE285, PRO286, SER408, ALA287, GLY292, LYS291, ILE290, PRO288, LYS287. Molecular dynamics simulation outcomes revealed that complex 2 (Riboflavin and GHR protein) is better than complex1 (Melengestrol and GHR protein). Overall, the results of the present work lead identification of novel molecules that may be agonistic of growth hormone receptor protein and can be used to surge growth in fish. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan C Dhandare
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries, Fish Biotechnology Laboratory, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil-Gandarbal, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir (SKAUST-K), India
| | - B P Bhosale
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries, Fish Biotechnology Laboratory, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindra Pawar
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries, Fish Biotechnology Laboratory, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - A U Pagarkar
- Marine Biological Research Station (MBRS), Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Wang L, Yan R, Yang Q, Li H, Zhang J, Shimoda Y, Kato K, Yamanaka K, An Y. Role of GH/IGF axis in arsenite-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110820. [PMID: 32531574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a critical role in fetal development. However, the effect of arsenite exposure on the GH/IGF axis and its toxic mechanism are still unclear. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a range of NaAsO2 concentrations (0.0-10.0 mM) between 4 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Development indexes of survival, malformation, hatching rate, heart rate, body length and locomotor behavior were measured. Hormone levels, GH/IGF axis-related genes, and nerve-related genes were also tested. The results showed that survival rate, hatching rate, heart rate, body length and locomotor behavior all decreased, while deformity increased. At 120 hpf, the survival rate of zebrafish in 1.5 mM NaAsO2 group was about 70%, the deformity rate exceeded 20%, and the body length shortened to 3.35 mm, the movement distance of zebrafish decreased approximately 63.6% under light condition and about 52.4% under dark condition. The level of GH increased and those of IGF did not change significantly, while the expression of GH/IGF axis related genes (ghra, ghrb, igf2r, igfbp3, igfbp2a, igfbp5b) and nerve related genes (dlx2, shha, ngn1, elavl3, gfap) decreased. In 1.5 mM NaAsO2 group, the decrease of igfbp3 and igfbp5b was almost obvious, about 78.2% and 72.2%. The expression of nerve genes in 1.5 mM NaAsO2 group all have declined by more than 50%. These findings suggested that arsenite exerted disruptive effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the GH/IGF axis, leading to zebrafish embryonic developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heran Li
- Microwants International LTD, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Wang J, Li D, Zhao X, Sun T, Jin S, Wang H, Xiao T, Li Y. GH and GHR gene cloning, expression and their associations with growth-related traits of the barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 243-244:110429. [PMID: 32097715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (ScGH) and growth hormone receptor (ScGHR) genes from the barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), in addition to their cDNAs, were cloned. The associations between their mRNA expression levels and growth-related traits were analysed, and the differences in the levels of expression of growth regulation-related genes between the largest and smallest individuals were compared. The full-length 1182-bp cDNA of ScGH contained a 633-bp open reading frame (ORF), and the length of the gene had 2492 bp. The full-length 2825-bp cDNA of ScGHRa contained a 1818-bp ORF, and the gene had 6970 bp. The full-length 2822-bp cDNA of ScGHRb contained a 1737-bp ORF, and the gene had 8149 bp. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that ScGH was only expressed in the pituitary. ScGHRa was expressed predominantly in muscle, and the expression level of ScGHRb was the highest in the liver. The ScGHRa mRNA levels in the muscle were significantly negatively correlated with the caudal peduncle length. However, no correlation between growth-related traits and ScGH and ScGHRb expression levels were found. Pituitary ScGH, liver GHRb and liver insulin-like growth factor I (igf-1) expression levels were significantly higher in the largest individuals than those in the smallest S. curriculus individuals. Contrarily, the largest individuals had significantly lower expression levels of muscle igf-1 and liver myog than the smallest individuals. Overall, our results provide novel molecular information for growth-regulation study of S. curriculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing'an Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shengzhen Jin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiaoyi Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yaoguo Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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16
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Martínez R, Herrero-Nogareda L, Van Antro M, Campos MP, Casado M, Barata C, Piña B, Navarro-Martín L. Morphometric signatures of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105232. [PMID: 31271907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mode of action of the different pollutants in human and wildlife health is a key step in environmental risk assessment. The aim of this study was to determine signatures that could link morphological phenotypes to the toxicity mechanisms of four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanesulfonate potassium salt (PFOS), tributyltin chloride (TBT), and 17-ß-estradiol (E2). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos were exposed from 2 to 5 dpf to a wide range of BPA, PFOS, TBT and E2 concentrations. At the end of the exposures several morphometric features were assessed. Common and non-specific effects on larvae pigmentation or swim bladder area were observed after exposures to all compounds. BPA specifically induced yolk sac malabsorption syndrome and altered craniofacial parameters, whereas PFOS had specific effects on the notochord formation presenting higher rates of scoliosis and kyphosis. The main effect of E2 was an increase in the body length of the exposed eleutheroembryos. In the case of TBT, main alterations on the morphological traits were related to developmental delays. When integrating all morphometrical parameters, BPA showed the highest rates of malformations in terms of equilethality, followed by PFOS and, distantly, by TBT and E2. In the case of BPA and PFOS, we were able to relate our results with effects on the transcriptome and metabolome, previously reported. We propose that methodized morphometric analyses in zebrafish embryo model can be used as an inexpensive and easy screening tool to predict modes of action of a wide-range number of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, 08007, Spain.
| | - Laia Herrero-Nogareda
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Morgane Van Antro
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Maria Pilar Campos
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Marta Casado
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
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17
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Zeng X, Sun H, Huang Y, Liu J, Yu L, Liu C, Wang J. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate on growth and transcription of genes involved in the GH/IGF and HPT axes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:376-384. [PMID: 30149310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), as one of the most widely used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), is applied in nearly all manufactured items and materials. It has been reported that TBOEP could cause developmental impairments and disrupt the endocrine regulation of fish growth during acute toxic experiments. However, concentrations to which fish were exposed in these studies were greater than environmentally relevant concentrations ever reported. This study examined effects on growth associated with exposure of zebrafish to 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L TBOEP during 20-90 days post fertilization (dpf). The changes in growth indicators and bioaccumulation of TBOEP were examined along with the transcription of related genes in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. The average body contents of TBOEP were higher in females than in males in all the exposure groups. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBOEP significantly decreased body length and body mass and down-regulated expression of several genes involved in the GH/IGF and HPT axes. Exposure to TBOEP decreased plasma thyroxine (T4) content accompanied by decreased mRNA level of thyrotropin β-subunit (tshβ) in females at 60 dpf, but no effects were observed at 90 dpf. These results suggested that bioaccumulation of TBOEP and down-regulation of genes involved in the GH/IGF axis might be responsible for the observed growth inhibition in zebrafish exposed to TBOEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zeng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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18
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Björnsson BT, Einarsdóttir IE, Johansson M, Gong N. The Impact of Initial Energy Reserves on Growth Hormone Resistance and Plasma Growth Hormone-Binding Protein Levels in Rainbow Trout Under Feeding and Fasting Conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:231. [PMID: 29867764 PMCID: PMC5968089 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) system regulates important physiological functions in salmonid fish, including hydromineral balance, growth, and metabolism. While major research efforts have been directed toward this complex endocrine system, understanding of some key aspects is lacking. The aim was to provide new insights into GH resistance and growth hormone-binding proteins (GHBPs). Fish frequently respond to catabolic conditions with elevated GH and depressed IGF-I plasma levels, a condition of acquired GH resistance. The underlying mechanisms or the functional significance of GH resistance are, however, not well understood. Although data suggest that a significant proportion of plasma GH is bound to specific GHBPs, the regulation of plasma GHBP levels as well as their role in modulating the GH-IGF-I system in fish is virtually unknown. Two in vivo studies were conducted on rainbow trout. In experiment I, fish were fasted for 4 weeks and then refed and sampled over 72 h. In experiment II, two lines of fish with different muscle adiposity were sampled after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of fasting. In both studies, plasma GH, IGF-I, and GHBP levels were assessed as well as the hepatic gene expression of the growth hormone receptor 2a (ghr2a) isoform. While most rainbow trout acquired GH resistance within 4 weeks of fasting, fish selected for high muscle adiposity did not. This suggests that GH resistance does not set in while fat reserves as still available for energy metabolism, and that GH resistance is permissive for protein catabolism. Plasma GHBP levels varied between 5 and 25 ng ml-1, with large fluctuations during both long-term (4 weeks) fasting and short-term (72 h) refeeding, indicating differentiated responses depending on prior energy status of the fish. The two opposing functions of GHBPs of prolonging the biological half-life of GH while decreasing GH availability to target tissues makes the data interpretation difficult, but nutritional regulatory mechanisms are suggested. The lack of correlation between hepatic ghr2a expression and plasma GHBP levels indicate that ghr2a assessment cannot be used as a proxy measure for GHBP levels, even if circulating GHBPs are derived from the GH receptor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tsai TC, Shih CC, Chien HP, Yang AH, Lu JK, Lu JH. Anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-I on mortality and dysmorphogenesis in tbx5-deficient zebrafish embryos. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:5. [PMID: 29506474 PMCID: PMC5836385 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-017-0161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tbx5 deficiency in zebrafish causes several abnormal phenotypes of the heart and pectoral fins. It has been reported that exogenous human growth hormone can enhance expression of downstream mediators in the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) pathway and partially restore dysmorphogenesis in tbx5 morphants. This study aimed to further evaluate the effects of IGF-I on cell apoptosis and dysmorphogenesis in zebrafish embryos deficient for tbx5. RESULTS Among the five studied groups of zebrafish embryos (wild-type embryos [WT], tbx5 morphants [MO], mismatched tbx5 morpholino-treated wild-type embryos [MIS], IGF-I-treated wild-type embryos [WTIGF1], and IGF-I-treated tbx5 morphants [MOIGF1]), the expression levels of the ifg1, igf1-ra, ifg-rb, erk1, and akt2 genes as well as the ERK and AKT proteins were significantly reduced in the MO group, but were partially restored in the MOIGF1 group. These expression levels remained normal in the WT, MIS, and WTIGF1 groups. Exogenous human IGF-I also reduced the incidence of phenotypic anomalies, decreased the expression levels of apoptotic genes and proteins, suppressed cell apoptosis, and improved survival of the MOIGF1 group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IGF-I has an anti-apoptotic protective effect in zebrafish embryos with tbx5 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chun Tsai
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Che Shih
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Ping Chien
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - An-Hang Yang
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jenn-Kan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, No. 201, Shih-Pei Rd., Section 2, Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Jen-Her Lu
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, No. 201, Shih-Pei Rd., Section 2, Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Yu L, Jia Y, Su G, Sun Y, Letcher RJ, Giesy JP, Yu H, Han Z, Liu C. Parental transfer of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate and transgenerational inhibition of growth of zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:196-203. [PMID: 27646168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is a re-emerging environmental contaminant that has been frequently detected at sub-ppb (<μg/L) concentrations in natural waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of TDCIPP on growth in initial generation (F0) zebrafish after chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations, and to examine possible parental transfer of TDCIPP and transgenerational effects on growth of first generation (F1) larvae. When zebrafish (1-month old) were exposed to 580 or 7500 ng TDCIPP/L for 240 days, bioconcentration resulted in significantly less growth as measured by body length, body mass, brain-somatic index (BSI) and hepatic-somatic index (HSI) in F0 females but not F0 males. These effects were possibly due to down-regulation of expression of genes along the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. Furthermore, residues of TDCIPP were detected in F1 eggs after exposure of parents, which resulted in less survival, body length and heart rate in F1 individuals. Down-regulation of genes in the GH/IGF axis (e.g., gh, igf1) might be responsible for transgenerational toxicity. This study provides the first known evidence that exposure of zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentrations of TDCIPP during development can inhibit growth of offspring, which were not exposed directly to TDCIPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yali Jia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Yongkai Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210089, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Zhihua Han
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan, Changde 415000, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, China.
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Botta PE, Simó I, Sciara AA, Arranz SE. Growth hormone receptors in the atherinid Odontesthes bonariensis: characterization and expression profile after fasting-refeeding and growth hormone administration. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1870-1885. [PMID: 27097742 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the understanding of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, growth hormone (Gh)-insulin-like growth factor-1(Igf1) axis, O. bonariensis growth hormone receptor type 1 (ghr1) and type 2 (ghr2) mRNA sequences were obtained. Both transcripts were ubiquitously expressed except in kidney, encephalon and anterior intestine. Alternative transcripts of both receptors were found in muscle. Interestingly, two different ghr2 transcripts with alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites located in the long 3' untranslated region (UTR-APA) were also found in liver. Hepatic ghr1, ghr2 and insulin-like growth factor type 1 (igf1) transcript levels were examined under two different metabolic conditions. In the first experimental condition, fish were fasted for 2 weeks and then re-fed for another 2 weeks. Despite igf1 mRNA relative expression did not show significant differences under the experimental period of time examined, both ghr transcripts decreased their expression levels after the fasting period and returned to their control levels after re-feeding. In the second treatment, recombinant O. bonariensis growth hormone (r-pjGh) was orally administered once a week. After 4 weeks of treatment, liver igf1, ghr1 and ghr2 mRNA relative expression increased (13, 4·5 and 2·1 fold, P < 0·05) compared to control values. These results add novel information to the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor system in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Botta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET - Área Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - I Simó
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET - Área Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - A A Sciara
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET - Área Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - S E Arranz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET - Área Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Costa LS, Rosa PV, Fortes-Silva R, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, López-Olmeda JF. Daily rhythms of the expression of genes from the somatotropic axis: The influence on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of feeding and growth hormone administration at different times. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 181-182:27-34. [PMID: 26743958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the presence of daily rhythms in the somatotropic axis of tilapia fed at two times (mid-light, ML or mid-dark, MD) and the influence of the time of day of growth hormone (GH) administration on the response of this axis. Two different GH injection times were tested: ZT 3 (3h after lights on) and ZT 15 (3h after lights off). In both experiments, the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap), pituitary growth hormone (gh), liver insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2a), and liver and muscle growth hormone receptors (ghr1 and ghr2) and IGF receptors (igf1ra and igf2r) were evaluated by means of qPCR. Daily rhythms were observed in the liver for ghr1, ghr2 and igf2r but only in fish fed at ML, with the acrophases located in the light phase (ZT 3:30, 3:31 and 7:38 h, respectively). In the muscle, ghr1 displayed a significant rhythm in both groups and ghr2 in ML fed fish (acrophases at ZT 5:29, 7:14 and 9:23h). The time of both GH administration and feeding influenced the response to GH injection: ML fed fish injected with GH at ZT 15 h showed a significant increase in liver igf1, igf2a and ghr2; and muscle ghr2 expression. This is the first report that describes the existence of daily rhythms in the somatotropic axis of tilapia and its time-dependent responses of GH administration. Our results should be considered when investigating the elements of the somatotropic axis in tilapia and GH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Priscila V Rosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fortes-Silva
- Agricultural Science, Biological and Environmental Center, University of Bahia, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - F Javier Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose F López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Cheng CH, Yang FF, Liao SA, Miao YT, Ye CX, Wang AL. Effect of acute ammonia exposure on expression of GH/IGF axis genes GHR1, GHR2 and IGF-1 in pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:495-507. [PMID: 25600623 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne ammonia has become a persistent pollutant of aquatic habitats. The exposure to ammonia stress can reduce growth in a wide range of aquatic organisms. To assess the effect of ammonia exposure on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors (GH/IGF) axis, we identified and characterized GHR1, GHR2 and IGF-1 from pufferfish. Comparative analysis showed that these genes shared high identity and similarity with corresponding genes in other fish species. The transcripts of these genes were widely expressed in all tested tissues. The highest level of GHR1 mRNA was found in the brain, whereas GHR2 and IGF-1 mRNA levels were the highest in the liver. Following acute ammonia exposure (100 mg/L total ammonia-nitrogen), GHR2 expression in the liver did not change at 6 h and then significantly decreased at 12, 24 and 48 h, whereas GHR1 and IGF-1 expressions were significantly down-regulated at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. These results indicated that ammonia stress decreased the expression of GH/IGF axis genes, which might have negative effect on the growth and development of pufferfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China,
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Paula DAJ, Machado MRF, Murgas LDS, Rabelo D, Zangerônimo MG, V. R. Neto R, Andrade ES, Andrade EA. Toxicity of cryoprotectants on Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (curimba) embryos in an experimental incubator (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20130234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effect of cryoprotectant substances on Prochilodus lineatus embryos in an experimental incubator. The prospective study applied combinations of polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin and fetal bovine serum with dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol in a new experimental incubator. The morphology of embryos, larval viability and the efficiency of experimental incubators in maintaining the quality of embryos were evaluated. This study demonstrates the efficient association between hydroxyethylcellulose and dimethyl sulfoxide as greater viability (p<0.05) was found for embryos (72.9 ± 23.9%). It should also be noted the permeation of cryoprotectants in embryos through the changes found in chorion diameter, embryo diameter and embryo volume comparing the treatments versus control group (water) (p<0.05), this results can help in future cryopreservation protocols. Although the temperature and oxygenation differed between the usual and experimental incubators (p<0.05), the results showed a high fertilization rate (79.6 ± 13.2%) for experimental incubators (p<0.05) which is sufficient for the maintenance of embryos in a cryoprotective environment and effectively allows experimentation for long periods with cryoprotectant substances. Cryopreservation of fish embryos has not been accomplished yet and new approaches are required for understanding the permeability of teleost embryos, especially in Brazilian native species.
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Zeng C, Liu XL, Wang WM, Tong JG, Luo W, Zhang J, Gao ZX. Characterization of GHRs, IGFs and MSTNs, and analysis of their expression relationships in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. Gene 2014; 535:239-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Walock CN, Kittilson JD, Sheridan MA. Characterization of a novel growth hormone receptor-encoding cDNA in rainbow trout and regulation of its expression by nutritional state. Gene 2014; 533:286-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Besseau L, Fuentès M, Sauzet S, Beauchaud M, Chatain B, Covès D, Boeuf G, Falcón J. Somatotropic axis genes are expressed before pituitary onset during zebrafish and sea bass development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:133-41. [PMID: 24055560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The somatotropic axis, or growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis, of fish is involved in numerous physiological process including regulation of ionic and osmotic balance, lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, growth, reproduction, immune function and behavior. It is thought that GH plays a role in fish development but conflicting results have been obtained concerning the ontogeny of the somatotropic axis. Here we investigated the developmental expression of GH, GH-receptor (GHR) and IGF-1 genes and of a GH-like protein from fertilization until early stages of larval development in two Teleosts species, Danio rerio and Dicentrarchus labrax, by PCR, in situ hybridization and Western blotting. GH, GHR and IGF-1 mRNA were present in unfertilized eggs and at all stages of embryonic development, all three displaying a similar distribution in the two species. First located in the whole embryo (until 12 hpf in zebrafish and 76 hpf in sea bass), the mRNAs appeared then distributed in the head and tail, from where they disappeared progressively to concentrate in the forming pituitary gland. Proteins immunoreactive with a specific sea bass anti-GH antibody were also detected at all stages in this species. Differences in intensity and number of bands suggest that protein processing varies from early to later stages of development. The data show that all actors of the somatotropic axis are present from fertilization in these two species, suggesting they plays a role in early development, perhaps in an autocrine/paracrine mode as all three elements displayed a similar distribution at each stage investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Besseau
- Université Pierre & Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arago, Avenue de Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France; CNRS UMR 7232, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Avenue de Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
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Pierce AL, Breves JP, Moriyama S, Uchida K, Grau EG. Regulation of growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR1 and GHR2) mRNA level by GH and metabolic hormones in primary cultured tilapia hepatocytes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 179:22-9. [PMID: 22820350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) regulates essential physiological functions in teleost fishes, including growth, metabolism, and osmoregulation. Recent studies have identified two clades of putative receptors for GH (GHR1 clade and GHR2 clade) in fishes, both of which are highly expressed in the liver. Moreover, the liver is an important target for the anabolic effects of GH via endocrine IGFs, and liver sensitivity to GH is modulated by metabolic hormones. We investigated the effects of GH, insulin, glucagon, cortisol and triiodothyronine on GHR1 and GHR2 mRNA levels in primary cultured tilapia hepatocytes. Physiological concentrations of GH strongly stimulated GHR2 mRNA level (0.5-50×10(-9) M), but did not affect GHR1 mRNA level. Insulin suppressed stimulation of GHR2 mRNA level by GH (10(-8)-10(-6) M). Insulin increased basal GHR1 mRNA level (10(-8)-10(-6) M). Cortisol increased basal GHR2 mRNA level (10(-7)-10(-6) M), but did not consistently affect GH-stimulated GHR2 mRNA level. Cortisol increased basal GHR1 mRNA level (10(-9)-10(-6) M). Glucagon suppressed GH-stimulated GHR2 mRNA level and increased basal GHR1 mRNA level at a supraphysiological concentration (10(-6) M). A single injection of GH (5 μg/g) increased liver GHR2 mRNA level, and insulin injection (5 μg/g) decreased both basal and GH-stimulated GHR2 mRNA levels after 6 h. In contrast, insulin and GH injection had little effect on liver GHR1 mRNA level. This study shows that GHR1 and GHR2 gene expression are differentially regulated by physiological levels of GH and insulin in tilapia primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Pierce
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
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Zhong H, Zhou Y, Liu S, Tao M, Long Y, Liu Z, Zhang C, Duan W, Hu J, Song C, Liu Y. Elevated expressions of GH/IGF axis genes in triploid crucian carp. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 178:291-300. [PMID: 22713693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are pivotal signaling factors of the GH/IGF axis, which plays a crucial role in regulating growth in vertebrates. In this study, GH, GHR and IGF-1 cDNAs were cloned from triploid and tetraploid crucian carp. In addition, mRNA expression levels were characterized in diploid red crucian carp, triploids and tetraploids. Reverse transcriptase PCR indicated that GH genes were only expressed in the pituitary, while GHR and IGF-1 were widely expressed in all tested tissues. Real-time PCR study of different seasonal profiles showed that triploids had significantly higher expression of the studied genes during both the prespawning and the spawning season. Although different temperatures (22, 26 and 30°C) showed no significant effects on GH, GHR and IGF-1 mRNA expression in either diploids or triploids, triploids had higher expression levels than diploids at each temperature. After 1 week of fasting, the expression of all studied genes was reduced in both diploids and triploids, while the expressions levels were higher in triploids than in diploids. These results suggest that the elevated expression of GH/IGF axis genes in triploids plays a crucial role in the faster growth rate of triploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of the Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Tsai TC, Lu JK, Choo SL, Yeh SY, Tang RB, Lee HY, Lu JH. The paracrine effect of exogenous growth hormone alleviates dysmorphogenesis caused by tbx5 deficiency in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:63. [PMID: 22776023 PMCID: PMC3407474 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmorphogenesis and multiple organ defects are well known in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos with T-box transcription factor 5 (tbx5) deficiencies, mimicking human Holt-Oram syndrome. METHODS Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray analysis to study the expression of special genes in tbx5 morphants, we demonstrated that GH and some GH-related genes were markedly downregulated. Zebrafish embryos microinjected with tbx5-morpholino (MO) antisense RNA and mismatched antisense RNA in the 1-cell stage served as controls, while zebrafish embryos co-injected with exogenous growth hormone (GH) concomitant with tbx5-MO comprised the treatment group. RESULTS The attenuating effects of GH in tbx5-MO knockdown embryos were quantified and observed at 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 h post-fertilization. Though the understanding of mechanisms involving GH in the tbx5 functioning complex is limited, exogenous GH supplied to tbx5 knockdown zebrafish embryos is able to enhance the expression of downstream mediators in the GH and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 pathway, including igf1, ghra, and ghrb, and signal transductors (erk1, akt2), and eventually to correct dysmorphogenesis in various organs including the heart and pectoral fins. Supplementary GH also reduced apoptosis as determined by a TUNEL assay and decreased the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins (bcl2 and bad) according to semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively, as well as improving cell cycle-related genes (p27 and cdk2) and cardiomyogenetic genes (amhc, vmhc, and cmlc2). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, tbx5 knockdown causes a pseudo GH deficiency in zebrafish during early embryonic stages, and supplementation of exogenous GH can partially restore dysmorphogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, and abnormal cardiomyogenesis in tbx5 knockdown zebrafish in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chun Tsai
- Department of Medical Research and Education, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Kann Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sie-Lin Choo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Yeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ren-Bing Tang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Yu Lee
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Her Lu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kittilson JD, Jones E, Sheridan MA. ERK, Akt, and STAT5 are Differentially Activated by the Two Growth Hormone Receptor Subtypes of a Teleost Fish (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:30. [PMID: 22649371 PMCID: PMC3355939 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that the teleost fish, rainbow trout, possesses two growth hormone receptor (GHR) subtypes that display distinct ligand-binding and agonist-induced regulation features. In this study, we used Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells stably transfected individually with the two trout GHR subtypes, GHR1 and GHR2, to elucidate receptor-effector pathway linkages. Growth hormone (GH) stimulated rapid (5-10 min) phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, JAk2, and STAT5 in both GHR1- and GHR2-expressing cells; however; STAT5 was activated to a greater extent through GHR1 than through GHR2, whereas ERK and Akt were activated to a greater through GHR2 than through GHR1. Although blockade of the ERK pathway had no effect on the activation of Akt, inhibition of PI3K-Akt partially prevented activation of ERK, suggesting cross-talk between the ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways. JAK2 inhibition completely blocked activation of ERK, Akt, and STAT5, suggesting that all of these pathways link to GHR1 and GHR2 via JAK2. These findings establish important receptor-effector pathway linkages and suggest that the GHR subtypes of teleost fish may be functionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
| | - Mark A. Sheridan
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
- *Correspondence: Mark A. Sheridan, Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Department 2715, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA. e-mail:
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Palstra AP, Tudorache C, Rovira M, Brittijn SA, Burgerhout E, van den Thillart GEEJM, Spaink HP, Planas JV. Establishing zebrafish as a novel exercise model: swimming economy, swimming-enhanced growth and muscle growth marker gene expression. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14483. [PMID: 21217817 PMCID: PMC3013094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zebrafish has been largely accepted as a vertebrate multidisciplinary model but its usefulness as a model for exercise physiology has been hampered by the scarce knowledge on its swimming economy, optimal swimming speeds and cost of transport. Therefore, we have performed individual and group-wise swimming experiments to quantify swimming economy and to demonstrate the exercise effects on growth in adult zebrafish. Methodology/Principal Findings Individual zebrafish (n = 10) were able to swim at a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of 0.548±0.007 m s−1 or 18.0 standard body lengths (BL) s−1. The optimal swimming speed (Uopt) at which energetic efficiency is highest was 0.396±0.019 m s−1 (13.0 BL s−1) corresponding to 72.26±0.29% of Ucrit. The cost of transport at optimal swimming speed (COTopt) was 25.23±4.03 µmol g−1 m−1. A group-wise experiment was conducted with zebrafish (n = 83) swimming at Uopt for 6 h day−1 for 5 days week−1 for 4 weeks vs. zebrafish (n = 84) that rested during this period. Swimming zebrafish increased their total body length by 5.6% and body weight by 41.1% as compared to resting fish. For the first time, a highly significant exercise-induced growth is demonstrated in adult zebrafish. Expression analysis of a set of muscle growth marker genes revealed clear regulatory roles in relation to swimming-enhanced growth for genes such as growth hormone receptor b (ghrb), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor a (igf1ra), troponin C (stnnc), slow myosin heavy chain 1 (smyhc1), troponin I2 (tnni2), myosin heavy polypeptide 2 (myhz2) and myostatin (mstnb). Conclusions/Significance From the results of our study we can conclude that zebrafish can be used as an exercise model for enhanced growth, with implications in basic, biomedical and applied sciences, such as aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan P Palstra
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ishtiaq Ahmed AS, Xiong F, Pang SC, He MD, Waters MJ, Zhu ZY, Sun YH. Activation of GH signaling and GH-independent stimulation of growth in zebrafish by introduction of a constitutively activated GHR construct. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:557-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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