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Kim CJ, Hadjiargyrou M. Mustn1 in Skeletal Muscle: A Novel Regulator? Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:829. [PMID: 39062608 PMCID: PMC11276411 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a complex organ essential for locomotion, posture, and metabolic health. This review explores our current knowledge of Mustn1, particularly in the development and function of skeletal muscle. Mustn1 expression originates from Pax7-positive satellite cells in skeletal muscle, peaks during around the third postnatal month, and is crucial for muscle fiber differentiation, fusion, growth, and regeneration. Clinically, Mustn1 expression is potentially linked to muscle-wasting conditions such as muscular dystrophies. Studies have illustrated that Mustn1 responds dynamically to injury and exercise. Notably, ablation of Mustn1 in skeletal muscle affects a broad spectrum of physiological aspects, including glucose metabolism, grip strength, gait, peak contractile strength, and myofiber composition. This review summarizes our current knowledge of Mustn1's role in skeletal muscle and proposes future research directions, with a goal of elucidating the molecular function of this regulatory gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Kim
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
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Kim CJ, Singh C, Kaczmarek M, O'Donnell M, Lee C, DiMagno K, Young MW, Letsou W, Ramos RL, Granatosky MC, Hadjiargyrou M. Mustn1 ablation in skeletal muscle results in functional alterations. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:541-557. [PMID: 38094159 PMCID: PMC10714068 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mustn1, a gene expressed exclusively in the musculoskeletal system, was shown in previous in vitro studies to be a key regulator of myogenic differentiation and myofusion. Other studies also showed Mustn1 expression associated with skeletal muscle development and hypertrophy. However, its specific role in skeletal muscle function remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the effects of Mustn1 in a conditional knockout (KO) mouse model in Pax7 positive skeletal muscle satellite cells. Specifically, we investigated the potential effects of Mustn1 on myogenic gene expression, grip strength, alterations in gait, ex vivo investigations of isolated skeletal muscle isometric contractions, and potential changes in the composition of muscle fiber types. Results indicate that Mustn1 KO mice did not present any substantial phenotypic changes or significant variations in genes related to myogenic differentiation and fusion. However, an approximately 10% decrease in overall grip strength was observed in the 2-month-old KO mice in comparison to the control wild type (WT), but this decrease was not significant when normalized by weight. KO mice also generated approximately 8% higher vertical force than WT at 4 months in the hindlimb. Ex vivo experiments revealed decreases in about 20 to 50% in skeletal muscle contractions and about 10%-20% fatigue in soleus of both 2- and 4-month-old KO mice, respectively. Lastly, immunofluorescent analyses showed a persistent increase of Type IIb fibers up to 15-fold in the KO mice while Type I fibers decreased about 20% and 30% at both 2 and 4 months, respectively. These findings suggest a potential adaptive or compensatory mechanism following Mustn1 loss, as well as hinting at an association between Mustn1 and muscle fiber typing. Collectively, Mustn1's complex roles in skeletal muscle physiology requires further research, particularly in terms of understanding the potential role of Mustn1 in muscle repair and regeneration, as well as with influence of exercise. Collectively, these will offer valuable insights into Mustn1's key biological functions and regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Kim
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Chanpreet Singh
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Marina Kaczmarek
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Madison O'Donnell
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Christine Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Kevin DiMagno
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Melody W. Young
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - William Letsou
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Raddy L. Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Michael C. Granatosky
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
- Center for Biomedical InnovationNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
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Kim CJ, Singh C, Lee C, DiMagno K, O'Donnell M, Kaczmarek M, Ahmed A, Salvo‐Schaich J, Perez A, Letsou W, Sepulveda MC, Ramos RL, Hadjiargyrou M. Mustn1 ablation in skeletal muscle results in increased glucose tolerance concomitant with upregulated GLUT expression in male mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15674. [PMID: 37170065 PMCID: PMC10175242 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is closely regulated to maintain energy requirements of vital organs and skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in this process. Mustn1 is expressed during embryonic and postnatal skeletal muscle development and its function has been implicated in myogenic differentiation and myofusion. Whether Mustn1 plays a role in glucose homeostasis in anyway remains largely unknown. As such, we deleted Mustn1 in skeletal muscle using a conditional knockout (KO) mouse approach. KO mice did not reveal any specific gross phenotypic alterations in skeletal muscle. However, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT) revealed that 2-month-old male KO mice had significantly lower glycemia than their littermate wild type (WT) controls. These findings coincided with mRNA changes in genes known to be involved in glucose metabolism, tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; 2-month-old male KO mice had significantly higher expression of GLUT1 and GLUT10 transporters, MUP-1 while OSTN expression was lower. These differences in glycemia and gene expression were statistically insignificant after 4 months. Identical experiments in female KO and WT control mice did not indicate any differences at any age. Our results suggest a link between Mustn1 expression and glucose homeostasis during a restricted period of skeletal muscle development/maturation. While this is an observational study, Mustn1's relationship to glucose homeostasis appears to be more complex with a possible connection to other key proteins such as GLUTs, MUP-1, and OSTN. Additionally, our data indicate temporal and sex differences. Lastly, our findings strengthen the notion that Mustn1 plays a role in the metabolic capacity of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Kim
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Chanpreet Singh
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Christine Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Kevin DiMagno
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Madison O'Donnell
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Marina Kaczmarek
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Arhum Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Jessica Salvo‐Schaich
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexis Perez
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - William Letsou
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Raddy L. Ramos
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- College of Osteopathic MedicineNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biological and Chemical SciencesNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNew YorkUSA
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Hu Z, Xu H, Lu Y, He Q, Yan C, Zhao X, Tian Y, Yang C, Zhang Z, Qiu M, Wang Y. MUSTN1 is an indispensable factor in the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of skeletal muscle satellite cells in chicken. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112833. [PMID: 34536390 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The yield and quality of the skeletal muscle are important economic traits in livestock and poultry production. The musculoskeletal embryonic nuclear protein 1 (MUSTN1) gene has been shown to be associated with embryonic development, postnatal growth, bone and skeletal muscle regeneration; however, its function in the skeletal muscle development of chicken remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we observed that the expression level of MUSTN1 increased in conjunction with the proliferation of chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Knockdown of MUSTN1 in SMSCs downregulated the expression of cell proliferation genes as Pax7, CDK-2 and differentiation-relate genes including MyoD, MyoG, MyHC and MyH1B, whereas it upregulates the expression of cell apoptosis gene (Caspase-3) (P < 0.05). However, the combined analysis of CCK-8 and EdU showed that the cell vitality and EdU-positive cells of the si-MUSTN1 transfected group were significantly lower than those of the negative siRNA group (P < 0.05). In addition, the knockdown of MUSTN1 significantly increased the cell population in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased the cell population in the G2/M phase (P < 0.05), whereas the overexpression of MUSTN1 showed opposite effect. Taken together, our findings indicates that MUSTN1 is an important molecular factor that is responsible for regulating muscle growth and development in chickens, particularly, proliferation and differentiation of SMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China
| | - Qijian He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China
| | - Chaoyang Yan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Mohan Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 61130, China.
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Zhu M, Wang M, Shao Y, Nan Y, Blair HT, Morris ST, Zhao Z, Zhang H. Characterization of muscle development and gene expression in early embryos of chicken, quail, and their hybrids. Gene 2020; 768:145319. [PMID: 33246031 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis is a complex, regulated process that involves myoblast proliferation, migration, adhesion, and fusion into myotubes. To investigate early development of embryonic muscles and the expression of regulatory genes during myogenesis in chicken, quail and their hybrids, meat-breeding cocks and egg-breeding cocks were selected as male parents, quails were used as female parents. Their offspring were meat and egg hybrids via Artificial insemination. We measured expression of MUSTN1, IGF-1, and PDK4 using qRT-PCR. We examined muscle fiber diameter using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that muscle development was two days slower in chicken, egg hybrid, and meat hybrid than in quail. Muscle fiber spacing was the largest in chicken, followed by meat hybrid, egg hybrid, and quail. A similar trend was obtained for muscle fiber diameter. Additionally, muscle fiber diameter increased with embryogenesis. The sarcomere was present on day 17 of incubation in quail, but not in the other species. MUSTN1 could up-regulated IGF-1 by activating PI3K/Akt. IGF-1 expression was consistent with myoblast proliferation and myotube fusion. PDK4 was expressed from E7 to E17. The first peak was reached on E10, egg hybrid and meat hybrid reached their peak at E15. PDK4 is involved in the early proliferation and differentiation of muscle, thereby affecting muscle growth and development. Our findings demonstrated that MUSTN1, IGF-1 and PDK4 genes are expressed to varying levels in breast muscle of chicken, quail, egg hybrid and meat hybrid during the embryonic period. Interestingly, with increasing embryonic age, muscle development was approximately 48 h faster in quail than in other species. We speculated that MUSTN1, IGF-1 and PDK4 genes may be the main candidate genes that cause differences in poultry muscle traits, but the molecular regulation mechanisms need to be further studied. Our findings shed some light on the avian embryo muscle formation and molecular breeding of poultry muscle traits, which provide theoretical basis for poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Yanyan Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Ying Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Institute Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Todd Morris
- Institute Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zongsheng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, PR China.
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Wang Z, Liang W, Li X, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chen G, Zhang H, Chang G. Characterization and expression of MUSTN1 gene from different duck breeds. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:723-730. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1828905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Manocha S, Farokhnia N, Khosropanah S, Bertol JW, Santiago J, Fakhouri WD. Systematic review of hormonal and genetic factors involved in the nonsyndromic disorders of the lower jaw. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:162-172. [PMID: 30576023 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular disorders are among the most common birth defects in humans, yet the etiological factors are largely unknown. Most of the neonates affected by mandibular abnormalities have a sequence of secondary anomalies, including airway obstruction and feeding problems, that reduce the quality of life. In the event of lacking corrective surgeries, patients with mandibular congenital disorders suffer from additional lifelong problems such as sleep apnea and temporomandibular disorders, among others. The goal of this systematic review is to gather evidence on hormonal and genetic factors that are involved in signaling pathways and interactions that are potentially associated with the nonsyndromic mandibular disorders. We found that members of FGF and BMP pathways, including FGF8/10, FGFR2/3, BMP2/4/7, BMPR1A, ACVR1, and ACVR2A/B, have a prominent number of gene-gene interactions among all identified genes in this review. Gene ontology of the 154 genes showed that the functional gene sets are involved in all aspects of cellular processes and organogenesis. Some of the genes identified by the genome-wide association studies of common mandibular disorders are involved in skeletal formation and growth retardation based on animal models, suggesting a potential direct role as genetic risk factors in the common complex jaw disorders. Developmental Dynamics 248:162-172, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Manocha
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadia Farokhnia
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sepideh Khosropanah
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Jessica W Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joel Santiago
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Hadjiargyrou M. Mustn1: A Developmentally Regulated Pan-Musculoskeletal Cell Marker and Regulatory Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010206. [PMID: 29329193 PMCID: PMC5796155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mustn1 gene encodes a small nuclear protein (~9.6 kDa) that does not belong to any known family. Its genomic organization consists of three exons interspersed by two introns and it is highly homologous across vertebrate species. Promoter analyses revealed that its expression is regulated by the AP family of transcription factors, especially c-Fos, Fra-2 and JunD. Mustn1 is predominantly expressed in the major tissues of the musculoskeletal system: bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle and tendon. Its expression has been associated with normal embryonic development, postnatal growth, exercise, and regeneration of bone and skeletal muscle. Moreover, its expression has also been detected in various musculoskeletal pathologies, including arthritis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, other skeletal muscle myopathies, clubfoot and diabetes associated muscle pathology. In vitro and in vivo functional perturbation revealed that Mustn1 is a key regulatory molecule in myogenic and chondrogenic lineages. This comprehensive review summarizes our current knowledge of Mustn1 and proposes that it is a new developmentally regulated pan-musculoskeletal marker as well as a key regulatory protein for cell differentiation and tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA.
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Suarez-Bregua P, Chien CJ, Megias M, Du S, Rotllant J. Promoter architecture and transcriptional regulation of musculoskeletal embryonic nuclear protein 1b (mustn1b) gene in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:992-1000. [PMID: 28891223 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mustn1 is a specific musculoskeletal protein that plays a critical role in myogenesis and chondrogenesis in vertebrates. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that mustn1b mRNAs are specifically expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles in Zebrafish embryos. However, the precise function and the regulatory elements required for its muscle-specific expression are largely unknown. RESULTS The purpose of this study was to explore and uncover the target genomic regions that regulate mustn1b gene expression by in vivo functional characterization of the mustn1b promoter. We report here stable expression analyses of eGFP from fluorescent transgenic reporter Zebrafish line containing a 0.8kb_mustn1b-Tol2-eGFP construct. eGFP expression was specifically found in the skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues. We show that reporter Zebrafish lines generated replicate the endogenous mustn1b expression pattern in early Zebrafish embryos. Specific site directed-mutagenesis analysis revealed that promoter activity resides in two annotated genomic regulatory regions, each one corresponding to a specific functional transcription factor binding site. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that mustn1b is specifically expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues and its muscle specificity is controlled by the 0.2-kb promoter and flanking sequences and in vivo regulated by the action of two sequence-specific families of transcription factors. Developmental Dynamics 246:992-1000, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Ju Chien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Manuel Megias
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Shaojun Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Aquatic Molecular Pathobiology Lab, IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Camarata T, Vasilyev A, Hadjiargyrou M. Cloning of zebrafish Mustn1 orthologs and their expression during early development. Gene 2016; 593:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Krause MP, Moradi J, Coleman SK, D'Souza DM, Liu C, Kronenberg MS, Rowe DW, Hawke TJ, Hadjiargyrou M. A novel GFP reporter mouse reveals Mustn1 expression in adult regenerating skeletal muscle, activated satellite cells and differentiating myoblasts. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:180-90. [PMID: 23506283 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mustn1 has been implicated in myofusion as well as skeletal muscle growth and repair; however, the exact role and spatio-temporal expression of Mustn1 have yet to be fully defined. METHODS Transgenic mice were generated with a 1512-bp sequence of the Mustn1 promoter directing the expression of GFP (Mustn1(PRO) -GFP). These mice were used to investigate the spatio-temporal expression of Mustn1(PRO) -GFP during skeletal muscle development and adult skeletal muscle repair, as well as various phases of the satellite cell lifespan (i.e. quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation). RESULTS Mustn1(PRO) -GFP expression was observed within somites at embryonic day 12 and developing skeletal muscles at embryonic day 15 and 18. While uninjured adult tibialis anterior muscle displayed no detectable Mustn1(PRO) -GFP expression, cardiotoxin injury robustly elevated Mustn1(PRO) -GFP expression at 3 days post-injury with decreasing levels observed at 5 days and minimal, focal expression seen at 10 days. The expression of Mustn1(PRO) -GFP at 3 days post-injury consistently overlaid with MyoD although the strongest expression of Mustn1(PRO) -GFP was noted in newly formed myotubes that were expressing minimal levels of MyoD. By 5 days post-injury, Mustn1(PRO) -GFP overlaid in all myotubes expressing myogenin although cells were present expressing Mustn1(PRO) -GFP alone. The expression patterns of Mustn1(PRO) -GFP in regenerating muscle preceded the expression of desmin throughout the regenerative time course consistent with Mustn1 being upstream of this myogenic protein. Further, quiescent satellite cells located on freshly isolated, single myofibers rarely expressed Mustn1(PRO) -GFP, but within 24 h of isolation, all activated satellite cells expressed Mustn1(PRO) -GFP. Expression of Mustn1(PRO) -GFP in primary myoblasts diminished with prolonged time in proliferation media. However, in response to serum withdrawal, the expression of Mustn1(PRO) -GFP increased during myofusion (day 2) followed by declining expression thereafter. CONCLUSION Mustn1(PRO) -GFP is expressed in activated satellite cells and myoblasts but continued time in proliferation media diminished Mustn1(PRO) -GFP expression. However, myoblasts exposed to serum withdrawal increased Mustn1(PRO) -GFP expression consistent with its demonstrated role in myofusion. The in vivo expression pattern of Mustn1 observed in regenerating and developing skeletal muscle is consistent with its presence in satellite cells and its critical role in myofusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Krause
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton; Ontario; Canada
| | - J. Moradi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton; Ontario; Canada
| | - S. K. Coleman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton; Ontario; Canada
| | - D. M. D'Souza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton; Ontario; Canada
| | - C. Liu
- Department of Life Sciences; Theobald Science Center; New York Institute of Technology; Old Westbury; NY; USA
| | - M. S. Kronenberg
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington; CT; USA
| | - D. W. Rowe
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington; CT; USA
| | - T. J. Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton; Ontario; Canada
| | - M. Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences; Theobald Science Center; New York Institute of Technology; Old Westbury; NY; USA
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