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Quach HL, Visaria A, Iversen MM, Malhotra R. Depressive Symptoms Among Caregivers of Older Adults With Both Diabetes and Functional Limitations and Moderation by Caregiver Expressive Social Support. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2024:26350106241263521. [PMID: 39058245 DOI: 10.1177/26350106241263521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore how caring for older adults with both diabetes and functional limitations impacts caregiver depressive symptoms and whether this impact is moderated by caregivers' expressive social support and psychological resilience. METHOD Cross-sectional data of 278 dyads, each comprising an older adult with functional limitations and his/her primary family caregiver were analyzed. Older adult diabetes status (yes/no) was based on ever-diagnosis of diabetes. Caregiver depressive symptoms, expressive social support, and psychological resilience were measured using standard scales. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association of interest and its moderation by caregiver expressive social support and psychological resilience. RESULTS Caregivers of older adults with both diabetes and functional limitations had a higher depressive symptoms score compared to caregivers of older adults with only functional limitations. This association was inversely moderated by caregiver expressive social support. As caregiver expressive social support increased, the difference in depressive symptoms between caregivers of older adults with diabetes and functional limitations and caregivers of older adults with only functional limitations reduced. CONCLUSION Family caregivers of older adults with functional limitations and diabetes have a higher depressive symptoms score. However, enhancing caregiver expressive social support could mitigate this risk. Service providers should prioritize support for caregivers in such vulnerable situations and strive to enhance their expressive social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Linh Quach
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Abhijit Visaria
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Rahul Malhotra
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Yusuf A, Purba JM, Putri DE, Aditya RS, Alruwaili AS, AlRazeeni DM. Family-Centered Care Experiences in Elderly with Chronic Diseases in Communities: Qualitative Study of Patients, Families, Nurses, and Volunteers. Health Equity 2024; 8:338-350. [PMID: 39011075 PMCID: PMC11249130 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2024.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The family, at community, must be an important part of elderly care. However, most of the elderly experience a decrease in psychological well-being and quality of life. This is not in accordance with the concept of the family-centered care (FCC) model and can endanger the continuity of the elderly with chronic illnesses. Objective The aim of this study was to explore experience of FCC among patients with chronic illness, nurses, families, and volunteers. Methods This study examines the contextual-based FCC model qualitatively. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted by 12 elderly people, 3 nurses, 10 family members, and 3 volunteers. In total, 36 people, where several were FGD participants, were also interviewed in depth. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, with codes organized into larger themes. Result In total, 36 interviews and FGDs were conducted. The concept of information interaction, the phenomenon of emotional interaction, the practical interaction, and various factors that can either facilitate or impede interaction, were considered the four significant themes. Conclusion FCC acceptance is found in interactions between parents, nurses, family, and volunteers who are not optimistic. Lack of communication and collaboration was noted between community nurses and volunteers. Offer a new perspective on developing and implementing interventions that facilitate positive interactions, reduce family burdens, provide high-quality treatment for parents with chronic diseases, and improve the quality of care for those with advanced chronic conditions. Recommendation These insights provide a fresh perspective on how to develop and implement effective interventions in this context. It is recommended that future research should employ multiple methodologies to investigate FCC across diverse health practices for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Yusuf
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dimentia and Aging Care Research Center, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Jenny Marlindawani Purba
- Community and Psychiatric Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Eka Putri
- Community and Psychiatric Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Ronal Surya Aditya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Alruwaili
- Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Xu S, Lou VWQ, Chi I, Ng WC, Zhou J, Huang LK, Hok Ka Ma C, Jagasia M. Validating interRAI Chinese self-reported carer needs (SCaN) assessment and predicting caregiving distress among informal Chinese caregivers of older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:409. [PMID: 38720258 PMCID: PMC11080141 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to (1) determine the reliability and validity of the interRAI Chinese Self-reported Carer Needs (SCaN) assessment among informal Chinese caregivers of older adults, (2) identify predictors of caregiving distress in Asian regions with long-standing Confucian values of filial piety and family responsibility. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 531 informal Chinese caregivers of older adults in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taiwan, and Singapore. The scale reliability was examined using Cronbach's alphas (α) and McDonald's omega coefficient (ω). The concurrent validity and discriminant validity were assessed using Spearman rank correlations (rho). To examine the predictors of caregiving distress among informal caregivers of older adults, we employed hierarchical linear regression analyses informed by the Model of Carer Stress and Burden and categorized the predictors into six domains. RESULTS Results revealed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.83-0.96) and concurrent validity (rho = 0.45-0.74) of the interRAI Chinese SCaN assessment. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that entering the background factors, primary stressors, secondary stressors, appraisal, and exacerbating factors all significantly enhanced the model's predictability, indicating that the source of caregiving distress is multidimensional. In the full model, caregivers with longer informal care time, lack of support from family and friends, have unmet needs, experience role overload, have sleep problems, and low IADL functioning are at a higher risk of caregiving distress. CONCLUSIONS The interRAI Chinese SCaN Assessment was found to be a reliable and valid tool among the Chinese informal caregivers of older adults. It would be useful for determining family caregivers' strengths, needs, and challenges, and tailoring interventions that address the potentially modifiable factors associated with caregiving distress and maximize support. Healthcare providers working in home and community settings should be aware of the early identification of caregiving distress and routine assessment of their needs and empower them to continue taking care of their needs and providing adequate care to the care recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Xu
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Iris Chi
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
| | - Lung-Kuan Huang
- St. Camillus Long-term Care Center, Yi-lan County, Taiwan
- Fo Guang University, Yi-lan County, Taiwan
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Kochuvilayil A, Varma RP. Understanding caregiver burden and quality of life in Kerala's primary palliative care program: a mixed methods study from caregivers and providers' perspectives. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:92. [PMID: 38715047 PMCID: PMC11077822 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family caregivers are vital for long-term care for persons with serious health-related suffering in Kerala. Long-term caregiving and ageing may become burdensome and detrimental to patients and caregivers. We compared the caregiver burden and quality-of-life of ageing caregivers with younger caregivers. We also explored the palliative care nurses' perceptions of the family caregivers' issues. METHODS We did a mixed method study focusing on two groups: (i) three in-depth interviews and a cross-sectional survey among 221 caregivers of palliative care patients in five randomly selected panchayats (most peripheral tier of three-tier local self-government system in India concerned with governance of a village or small town) of Kollam district, Kerala, as part of development and validation of the Achutha Menon Centre Caregiver Burden Inventory; (ii) five in-depth interviews with purposively selected primary palliative care nurses as part of a study on local governments and palliative care. We used a structured interview schedule to collect cross-sectional data on sociodemographic and caregiving-related characteristics, caregiver burden, and health-related quality of life using the EuroQol EQ5D5L and interview guidelines on caregiver issues tailored based on participant type for qualitative interviews. RESULTS Older caregivers comprised 28.1% of the sample and had significantly poorer health and quality-of-life attributes. More senior caregivers experiencing caregiver burden had the lowest mean scores of 0.877 (Standard deviation (SD 0.066, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.854-0.899) followed by younger caregivers with high burden (0.926, SD 0.090, 95% CI 0.907-0.945), older caregivers with low burden (0.935, SD 0.058, 95% CI 0.912-0.958) and younger caregivers with low burden (0.980, SD 0.041, 95% CI 0.970-0.990). Caregivers faced physical, psychological, social, and financial issues, leading to a caregiver burden. The relationships between the palliative care nurses and family caregivers were complex, and nurses perceived caregiver burden, but there were no specific interventions to address this. CONCLUSION In our study from Kollam, Kerala, three out of ten caregivers of palliative care patients were 60 years of age or older. They had significantly lower health-related quality of life, particularly if they perceived caregiver burden. Despite being recognized by palliative care nurses, caregiver issues were not systematically addressed. Further research and suitable interventions must be developed to target such problems in the palliative care programme in Kerala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsha Kochuvilayil
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Prasad Varma
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Kuluski K, Asselbergs M, Baker R, Burns K(KK, Bruno F, Saragosa M, MacLaurin A, Flintoft V, Jeffs L. 'Safety is about partnership': Safety through the lens of patients and caregivers. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13939. [PMID: 39102696 PMCID: PMC10739088 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Creating safer care is a high priority across healthcare systems. Despite this, most systems tend to focus on mitigating past harm, not creating proactive solutions. Managers and staff identify safety threats often with little input from patients and their caregivers during their health encounters. METHODS This is a qualitative descriptive study utilizing focus groups and one-to-one interviews with patients and caregivers who were currently using (or had previously used) services in health systems across Canada. Data were analysed via inductive thematic analysis to understand existing and desired strategies to promote safer and better quality care from the perspectives of patients and caregivers. FINDINGS In our analysis, we identified three key themes (safety strategies) from patients' and caregivers' perspectives and experiences: Using Tools and Approaches for Engaging Patients and Caregivers in their Care; Having Accountability Processes and Mechanisms for Safe Care; and Enabling Patients and Caregivers Access to Information. CONCLUSIONS Safety is more than the absence of harm. Our findings outline a number of suggestions from patients and caregivers on how to make care safer, ranging from being valued on teams, participating as members of quality improvement tables, having access to health information, having access to an advocate to help make sense of information and having processes in place for disclosure and closure. Future work can further refine, implement and evaluate these strategies in practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS An advisory group guided the research and was co-chaired by a patient partner. Members of the advisory group spanned patient and caregiver organizations and health sectors across Canada and included three patient partners and leaders who work closely with patients and caregivers in their day-to-day work. In the research itself, we engaged 28 patients and caregivers from across Canada to learn about their safety experiences and learn what safer care looks like from their perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Kuluski
- Institute for Better HealthTrillium Health PartnersMississaugaOntarioCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Maaike Asselbergs
- Patients for Patient Safety CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Healthcare Excellence CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ross Baker
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Katharina (Kathy) Kovacs Burns
- School of Public Health, Edmonton Clinic Health AcademyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Health Services and Patients for Patient Safety CanadaAlbertaCanada
| | - Frances Bruno
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Sinai Health SystemTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Virginia Flintoft
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lianne Jeffs
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Sinai Health SystemTorontoOntarioCanada
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Chen MC, Palmer MH, Lin SY. SOURCE, a learned resourcefulness program to reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life for older family caregivers. Int J Older People Nurs 2024; 19:e12588. [PMID: 37950534 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family members often undertake caregiving responsibilities over long periods of time, which could lead to caregiving burden. A theory-based and culturally sensitive learned resourcefulness program may help family caregivers mitigate stress by learning and using self-help strategies. OBJECTIVES This study's aim is to use rigorous methods to investigate the effects of a learned resourcefulness program called SOURCE (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129) to reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life (QOL) for family caregivers. SOURCE is an acronym for the six self-help behaviors at the core of this theory-based learned resourcefulness program, developed by the Principal Investigator (PI) in collaboration with other researchers (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129). These behaviors are: seeking problem-solving strategies, organizing daily actions, using self-regulation, reframing positive situations, changing negative self-thinking, and exploring new thinking and skills. METHODS We used a quasi-experimental design with repeated measures for this study. The potential subjects were family caregivers whose family member was receiving home care. PI recruited 94 family caregivers (60 years old or older) who were caring for disabled and/or ill family members who also were 60 years old or older and living at home at the time of the study. The PI recruited these caregivers through the home care services department of a hospital and two community healthcare centers in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 46) received the four-week in-person SOURCE while their family member continued to receive home care services, whereas the control group (n = 48) did not receive the SOURCE program while their family member received home care services. We collected data from the participants using the Caregiver Burden Scale, EuroQol-5 Dimension, and Rosenbaum's Self-Control Scale at baseline (T0, Week 1), after the intervention (T1, Week 5), and at follow-up (T2, Week 9). We analyzed the data using paired-sample t-tests and used the generalized estimating equation method to compare paired data between the baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Of the 94 recruited family caregivers, 90.4% (n = 85) completed the study. We found no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic, caregiver burden, and QOL variables at baseline. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly improved caregiver burden scores (indicating a reduction in caregiver burden) at the end of the intervention and at follow-up. The experimental group had significantly improved QOL scores at follow-up only. The experimental group also showed high levels of adherence to and satisfaction with the intervention. The paired-sample t-test results show significantly improved learned resourcefulness between T0 and T1 and between T0 and T2 (t = -5.84, p < 0.001; t = -6.77, p < 0.001) for the experimental group. CONCLUSION The SOURCE program helped family caregivers develop and use self-help behaviors during their daily caregiving tasks. The family caregivers reported satisfaction with the program as well as reduced caregiver burden and improved QOL after the program ended. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The SOURCE program can be implemented to improve family caregivers' caregiver burden and QOL. Community health nurses can improve self-help abilities of family caregivers by helping them to acquire abilities and skills that allow them to effectively handle stress and reduce their caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Chen
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mary Happel Palmer
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shu-Yuan Lin
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Nakayama G, Masumoto S, Haruta J, Maeno T. Association between family caregivers' primary care experience when they report as patients and their stress related to caregiving: A pilot cross-sectional study. J Gen Fam Med 2023; 24:231-239. [PMID: 37484121 PMCID: PMC10357097 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined whether family caregivers' own primary care providers can affect caregiving-specific well-being, such as caregiver stress. In this pilot study, we explored whether primary care experiences when family caregivers report as patients were associated with the stress of caregiving. Methods We used cross-sectional data from a survey conducted in Japan between November and December 2020. We recruited family caregivers aged 40-74 years who were caring for community-dwelling adults with chronic conditions. We assessed primary care experience using the Japanese version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool Short Form (JPCAT-SF) and caregiver stress using the Japanese short version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. Results In total, 406 family caregivers were included in the analysis. The mean JPCAT-SF total score was 42.1 out of 100 points. The proportion of caregivers who had higher caregiver stress was 48.8%. After adjusting for possible confounders, the JPCAT-SF score was found to be significantly associated with caregiver stress (lower stress = 0 vs. higher stress = 1; adjusted prevalence ratio per 1 SD increase in JPCAT-SF score = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.98). Among the subscales of the JPCAT-SF, longitudinality, and comprehensiveness (services available) were associated with caregiver stress. Conclusions Better primary care experiences when family caregivers reported as patients were associated with lower caregiver stress. Longitudinality, which includes focusing attention on the individual as a whole person, and comprehensiveness in the context of building provider-patient relationships that make consultation easier when needed, were associated with lower stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Nakayama
- Department of Primary Care and Medical EducationInstitute of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Shoichi Masumoto
- Department of Family Medicine, General Practice and Community HealthInstitute of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Department of General MedicineTsukuba Central HospitalUshikuJapan
| | - Junji Haruta
- Medical Education Center, School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
- Center for General Medicine Education, School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuhiro Maeno
- Department of Primary Care and Medical EducationInstitute of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
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McAndrew NS, Erickson J, Hetland B, Guttormson J, Patel J, Wallace L, Visotcky A, Banerjee A, Applebaum AJ. A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study: Eliciting ICU Experiences and Measuring Outcomes of Family Caregivers of Patients Who Have Undergone Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2023:10748407231166945. [PMID: 37191306 PMCID: PMC10330518 DOI: 10.1177/10748407231166945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of an intensive care unit (ICU) admission on family caregivers of patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been well described. Aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of conducting research with family caregivers of HSCT patients during an ICU admission and generate preliminary data about their experiences and engagement in care. Using a mixed-methods, repeated measures design, we collected data from family caregivers after 48 hr in the ICU (T1) and at 48 hr after transferring out of ICU (T2). Enrolling HSCT caregivers in research while in the ICU was feasible (10/13 consented; 9/10 completed data collection at T1); however, data collection at T2 was not possible for most caregivers. Caregiver distress levels were high, and engagement in care was moderate. The three themes that emerged from interviews (n = 5) highlighted that although HSCT family caregivers faced many challenges and received limited support during their ICU experience, they were able to access their own personal resources and demonstrated resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S McAndrew
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
- Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | | | - Breanna Hetland
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
- Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison J Applebaum
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Nakayama G, Masumoto S, Haruta J, Maeno T. Family caregivers' experience with healthcare and social care professionals and their participation in health checkups: A cross sectional study in Japan. J Gen Fam Med 2023; 24:110-118. [PMID: 36909789 PMCID: PMC10000252 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For family caregivers, who are generally regarded as a vulnerable population, having regular checkups is a desirable health behavior. This study examined family caregivers' habit of having regular checkups prior to becoming involved with professionals who care for patients, and whether they had had recent checkups. We then examined the association between family caregivers' experience with professionals and their participation in checkups after adjusting for the past habit. Methods We conducted a cross sectional survey in Japan between November and December 2020. We recruited family caregivers who were aged 40-74 years and caring for community-dwelling adult patients. The outcome variable was whether family caregivers had undergone any health checkups since April 2019. We assessed family caregivers' experience using the Japanese version of the Caregivers' Experience Instrument (J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS). Results Of the 1091 recruited family caregivers, 629 were included in the analysis. Of these, 358 had previously undergone regular checkups, and 158 had no checkups or selected the option "unknown." Outcome rates in each group were 74.6% and 43.0%, respectively, and 62.0% for all 629 caregivers. Multivariate modified Poisson regression analysis revealed that among the J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS scores, only the domain score for attention for the caregiver was significantly associated with family caregivers' participation in checkups (adjusted prevalence ratio per 1 SD increase = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14). Conclusions Among family caregivers' experience with professionals, the factor that focused on caregivers themselves was significantly associated with their participation in checkups. This finding underscores the significance of caregiver-focused care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Nakayama
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shoichi Masumoto
- Department of Family Medicine, General Practice and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan.,Department of General Medicine Tsukuba Central Hospital Ushiku Japan
| | - Junji Haruta
- Medical Education Center, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Maeno
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
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Xi JY, Zhong SR, Zhou YX, Lin X, Hao YT. Effects of family multi-generational relationship on multimorbidity and healthy life expectancy for second generations: insight from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:100. [PMID: 36800942 PMCID: PMC9938571 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the context of aging, Chinese families consisting of more than three generations (grandparents, parents, children) are the norm. The second generation (parents) and other family members may establish a downward (contact only with children) or two-way multi-generational relationship (contact with children and grandparents). These multi-generational relationships may have the potential effect on multimorbidity burden and healthy life expectancy in the second generation, but less is known about the direction and intensity of this effect. This study aims to explore this potential effect. METHODS We obtained longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018, which included 6,768 people. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between multi-generational relationships and the number of multimorbidity. The Markov multi-state transition model was used to analyze the relationship between multi-generational relationships and the severity of multimorbidity. The multistate life table was used to calculate healthy life expectancy for different multi-generational relationships. RESULTS The risk of multimorbidity in two-way multi-generational relationship was 0.830 (95% CIs: 0.715, 0.963) times higher than that in downward multi-generational relationship. For mild multimorbidity burden, downward and two-way multi-generational relationship may prevent aggravation of burden. For severe multimorbidity burden, two-way multi-generational relationship may aggravate the burden. Compared with two-way multi-generational relationship, the second generations with downward multi-generational relationship has a higher healthy life expectancy at all ages. CONCLUSION In Chinese families with more than three generations, the second generations with severe multimorbidity burden may aggravate the condition by providing support to elderly grandparents, and the support provided by offspring to the second generations plays a vital positive role in improving the quality of life and narrowing the gap between healthy life expectancy and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Xi
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74Th Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Si-Rui Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74Th Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74Th Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74Th Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yuan-Tao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74Th Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Shamsikhani S, Ahmadi F, Kazemnejad A, Vaismoradi M. Design and psychometric properties of the family support for older people questionnaire. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1068839. [PMID: 36817922 PMCID: PMC9932903 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The population of older people is increasing across the world. Older people need care and support from their families to be able to live independently. This study aimed to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of the family support for older people (FSOP) questionnaire. Methods In this instrument development study using a mixed-methods design, the psychometric properties of the FSOP questionnaire in terms of validity and reliability were evaluated. Results The FSOP questionnaire consisted of 50 items in six domains. It was shown to have appropriate qualitative and quantitative validities (score > 1.5). The indicators of content validity (CVR > 0.62, ICVI ≥ 0.80, and SCVI > 0.94) and confirmatory factor analysis (indexes of χ2/df = 2.50, CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.97, AGFI = 0.96, NNFI = 0.96, PNFI = 0.89, TLI = 0.96, and RMSEA = 0.06) were satisfactory. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for reliability was 0.94, indicating an optimal score. Conclusions Healthcare providers and family caregivers are suggested to use the FSOP questionnaire for improving the quality of life of older people at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Shamsikhani
- Shazand School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran,Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlollah Ahmadi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Fazlollah Ahmadi ✉
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Biostatistical Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Vaismoradi
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway,Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
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Lukman NA, Merry L. Religion, support and self-care experiences: A qualitative descriptive study with Indonesian adults with the chronic disease living in Montreal, Canada. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1765-1777. [PMID: 35975318 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore and describe the chronic illness self-care experiences of Indonesian immigrants living in Montreal, Canada and to gain a better understanding of how religion and support shaped these experiences. DESIGN Qualitative description. METHODS Data were collected from January to March 2020 via semi-structured interviews. Eight men and women participated. The data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Major themes identified were (1) religion, (2) being helpful to others, (3) family support, (4) transnational family support, (5) community support and (6) being in Indonesia versus Canada. Religion and faith were sources of motivation for self-care and provided guidance and strength to heal and accept the illness, mainly through the practice of prayer. 'Being helpful to others' (collectivism), including aiding others to avoid getting sick or giving 'health tips', and also just generally taking care of family also contributed to overall well-being. Spouses were the main source of assistance with disease monitoring and management and health maintenance, whereas support from the Indonesian community was minimal and mostly consisted of informational and social support. Transnational relationships with family members in Indonesia, however, provided an additional means for obtaining emotional support, advice and access to traditional medicines. Overall, there was little expectation that family or the community offer or provide support with self-care. These low expectations may partially be explained by the different cultural and social contexts in Canada compared with Indonesia. CONCLUSION Religious, cultural, social and family factors may be carried over from the home country and/or may be altered post-migration, and this may impact how Indonesian immigrants with chronic illness engage in self-care. IMPACT Cultural factors (collectivism, traditional medicines), religious beliefs and support networks, both locally and transnationally should be assessed and considered during care to better support and promote self-care among immigrants living with chronic diseases. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Two Indonesian community organizations facilitated recruitment and data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akidah Lukman
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, CIUSSS West-Central Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lisa Merry
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,SHERPA, The University Institute with Regards to Cultural Communities, CIUSSS West-Central Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,InterActions, Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs, CIUSSS North Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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