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Santos-Neto DR, Lopes CEC, Silva GP, Castro LN, Silva JPC, Ferreira DCM, Silva LRG, Dantas LMF, da Silva IS. Highly sensitive voltammetric determination of hydrochlorothiazide using a glassy carbon electrode modified with Super P carbon black nanoparticles. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:6271-6278. [PMID: 39212150 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrochlorothiazide is an extremely important diuretic that regulates body functions, which can prevent several diseases. However, the abuse of this diuretic is concerning since it does not require a medical prescription, particularly for aesthetic purposes such as weight loss, which can lead to various health problems, including ventricular arrhythmia. The present work aims to use a glassy carbon electrode modified with Super P carbon black (SPCB/GCE) to quantify hydrochlorothiazide through Linear Sweep Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (LSAdSV). The modification of the GCE with SPCB significantly improved the response of hydrochlorothiazide. Furthermore, due to the adsorptive nature of charge transport, applying preconcentration time enhanced sensitivity. The optimized system provided a linear range of 0.5 to 30.0 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.083 μmol L-1. Pharmaceutical tablet analyses indicated approximately 25 mg per tablet, which was confirmed by the UV-vis and in agreement with that indicated by the manufacturer. Furthermore, analyses of the tea, synthetic urine, tap water and lake water samples indicated recovery values close to 100%, demonstrating that there was no matrix effect. Therefore, it is possible to infer that the proposed method together with the sensor modified with carbon black nanoparticles presented excellent results, demonstrating that it can be an alternative method of monitoring this drug in different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos R Santos-Neto
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Carlos E C Lopes
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly P Silva
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Lizandra N Castro
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - João Pedro C Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Dianderson C M Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo G Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Luiza M F Dantas
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Iranaldo S da Silva
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Wu L, Rodriguez M, El Hachem K, Krittanawong C. Diuretic Treatment in Heart Failure: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4470. [PMID: 39124738 PMCID: PMC11313642 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Congestion and fluid retention are the hallmarks of decompensated heart failure and the major reason for the hospitalization of patients with heart failure. Diuretics have been used in heart failure for decades, and they remain the backbone of the contemporary management of heart failure. Loop diuretics is the preferred diuretic, and it has been given a class I recommendation by clinical guidelines for the relief of congestion symptoms. Although loop diuretics have been used virtually among all patients with acute decompensated heart failure, there is still very limited clinical evidence to guide the optimized diuretics use. This is a sharp contrast to the rapidly growing evidence of the rest of the guideline-directed medical therapy of heart failure and calls for further studies. The loop diuretics possess a unique pharmacology and pharmacokinetics that lay the ground for different strategies to increase diuretic efficiency. However, many of these approaches have not been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. In recent years, a stepped and protocolized diuretics dosing has been suggested to have superior benefits over an individual clinician-based strategy. Diuretic resistance has been a major challenge to decongestion therapy for patients with heart failure and is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Recently, therapy options have emerged to help overcome diuretic resistance to loop diuretics and have been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the pharmacology and clinical use of loop diuretics in the context of heart failure, with attention to its side effects, and adjuncts, as well as the challenges and future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mario Rodriguez
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karim El Hachem
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Section of Cardiology, Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Pan DST, Kuan WS, Lee MZ, Thajudeen MZ, Rahman MMF, Sheth IA, Ong VYK, Tang JZY, Wee CPJ, Chua MT. Factors affecting outcomes among older trauma patients in Singapore: A retrospective observational study. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2024; 53:324-327. [PMID: 38920225 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Singapore faces a rapidly ageing population with its median age projected to be above 45 years by 2030. Our greying demographics is accompanied by a rise in chronic diseases and medication use, including polypharmacy. Longer life expectancy and increased activity levels have contributed to higher incidence of geriatric trauma locally, with a three-fold rise between 2004 and 2015. Older patients are at greater risk of poorer outcomes following trauma.3 However, the impact of comorbidities and medication use on post-trauma outcomes in Singapore’s ageing population remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Zhou Lee
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Victor Yeok Kein Ong
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Zhe Ying Tang
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mui Teng Chua
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Torres-Atencio I, Carreira MB, Méndez A, Quintero M, Broce A, Oviedo DC, Rangel G, Villarreal AE, Tratner AE, Rodríguez-Araña S, Britton GB. Polypharmacy and Associated Health Outcomes in the PARI-HD Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:287-300. [PMID: 38393905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence points to potential risks associated with polypharmacy (using ≥5 medications) in older adults, but most evidence is derived from studies where racial and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented among research participants. Objective Investigate the association between polypharmacy and cognitive function, subjective health state, frailty, and falls in Hispanic older adults. Methods Panama Aging Research Initiative-Health Disparities (PARI-HD) is a community-based cohort study of older adults free of dementia at baseline. Cognitive function was measured with a neuropsychological test battery. Frailty assessment was based on the Fried criteria. Subjective health state and falls were self-reported. Linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine association. Results Baseline evaluations of 468 individuals with a mean age of 69.9 years (SD = 6.8) were included. The median number of medications was 2 (IQR: 1-4); the rate of polypharmacy was 19.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.1-23.3). Polypharmacy was inversely associated with self-rated overall health (b =-5.89, p < 0.01). Polypharmacy users had 2.3 times higher odds of reporting two or more falls in the previous 12 months (odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.06-5.04). Polypharmacy was independently associated with Fried's criteria for pre-frailty (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.36-5.96) and frailty (OR = 5.14, 95% CI = 1.83-14.42). Polypharmacy was not associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions These findings illustrate the potential risks associated with polypharmacy among older adults in Panama and may inform interventions to improve health outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Torres-Atencio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Maria B Carreira
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
| | - Alondra Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Maryonelly Quintero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Adriana Broce
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Diana C Oviedo
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua, Panama City, Panama
| | - Giselle Rangel
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
| | - Alcibiades E Villarreal
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
| | - Adam E Tratner
- Florida State University, Republic of Panama Campus, Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
| | - Sofía Rodríguez-Araña
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
| | - Gabrielle B Britton
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
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