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Donald PR, Kaufmann SHE, Schaub D, Thee S, Lange C. Carl Flügge, one of the last holistic hygienists and discoverer of droplet transmission of infectious diseases. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:17. [PMID: 39093331 PMCID: PMC11297070 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Carl Flügge is best known for the promotion of studies demonstrating the transmission of all manner of infections, but particularly tuberculosis, by coughed droplets. But it is seldom recognised that Flügge was also influential in a number of other fields comprising the practice of hygiene. One-hundred years following his death in 1923, we review literature related to the studies of Flügge and his colleagues and students and illustrate the particular emphasis he laid upon the environment within which disease and its transmission might be fostered or prevented, embracing and studying aspects essential to the health of any community ranging from fundamental microbiology in the laboratory to subjects as disparate as housing, clean water supply, nutrition, sanitation, socio-economic circumstances and climate. Very early in his career he promoted breast feeding for the prevention of seasonal gastro-enteritis and later the sheltering of cough as a means of preventing the transmission of infected respiratory droplets, not only as regards tuberculosis, but also concerning all manner of other respiratory infections. By the time of Flügge's death the complexification of available scientific methodologies comprising hygiene made it difficult for any individual to comprehend and study the wide range of hygiene-related subjects such as Flügge did. Carl Flügge was one of the last holistic hygienists and an originator of the study of environmental health as a pillar of hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Donald
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Western Cape Province, South Africa.
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schaub
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg- Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thee
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie, Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg- Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens' Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Bernicker E, Averbuch SD, Edge S, Kamboj J, Khuri FR, Pierce JY, Schiller J, Sirohi B, Thomas A, Moushey A, Phillips J, Hendricks C. Climate Change and Cancer Care: A Policy Statement From ASCO. JCO Oncol Pract 2024; 20:178-186. [PMID: 38011607 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen Edge
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allyn Moushey
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
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Govender P, Medvedyuk S, Raphael D. 1845 or 2023? Friedrich Engels's insights into the health effects of Victorian-era and contemporary Canadian capitalism. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2023; 45:1609-1633. [PMID: 37226700 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Condition of the Working Class in England (hereafter, CWCE) by Friedrich Engels is a masterpiece of urban research not only for its explicit descriptions of the living and working conditions of members of the Victorian-era working class and their effects on health but also its insights into the sources of these conditions through a political economy analysis. For Engels, the capitalist economic system, with the support of the state apparatus, prematurely sickened and killed men, women and children in its unrestrained pursuit of profits. Our reading of CWCE in 2023 concludes that Engels identified virtually every social determinant of health now found in contemporary discourse with his insights into how their quality and distribution shape health clearly relevant to present-day Canada. Revisiting CWCE directs our attention to how the same economic and political forces that sickened and killed members of the English working class in 1845 now do so in present-day Canada. Engels's insights also suggest means of responding to these forces. We place these findings within Derrida's concept of spectre and Rainey and Hanson's concept of trace to show how ideas from the past can inform the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piara Govender
- Graduate Program in Health Policy and Equity, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stella Medvedyuk
- Graduate Program in Health Policy and Equity, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Raphael
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Moreira HG. We Need to Talk about Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230569. [PMID: 37909503 PMCID: PMC10586820 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Graner Moreira
- Universidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás – Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinUnidade de Pronto AtendimentoGoiâniaGOBrasilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein – Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
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Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Health Equity through Clinical Research - Meeting the Challenge of Inclusion. NEJM EVIDENCE 2023; 2:EVIDctw2300015. [PMID: 38320133 DOI: 10.1056/evidctw2300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Health Equity through Clinical Research Representativeness is perhaps one of the most important requirements in medical research, especially for health disparities research. Study findings should apply to all members of the population without selection bias. The authors detail the multiple approaches to ensuring representativeness that were developed in the HANDLS study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
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Feine JS. Social Justice in Dental Research. JDR Clin Trans Res 2023; 8:108-109. [PMID: 36930292 PMCID: PMC10026150 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231158258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S Feine
- Oral Health and Society Division, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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Lange KW. Rudolf Virchow as a pioneer of both biomedicine and social medicine. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:873-874. [PMID: 35365057 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211048289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Lange
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Pan J, Chen C, Yang Y. Building a global community of shared future free from poverty. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2021; 5:113-115. [PMID: 34580618 PMCID: PMC8457890 DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chu Chen
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Health Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yili Yang
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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