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Bouhanick B, Sosner P, Brochard K, Mounier-Véhier C, Plu-Bureau G, Hascoet S, Ranchin B, Pietrement C, Martinerie L, Boivin JM, Fauvel JP, Bacchetta J. Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Position Statement From a Panel of Multidisciplinary Experts Coordinated by the French Society of Hypertension. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:680803. [PMID: 34307254 PMCID: PMC8292722 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.680803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is much less common in children than in adults. The group of experts decided to perform a review of the literature to draw up a position statement that could be used in everyday practice. The group rated recommendations using the GRADE approach. All children over the age of 3 years should have their blood pressure measured annually. Due to the lack of data on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with blood pressure values, the definition of hypertension in children is a statistical value based on the normal distribution of blood pressure in the paediatric population, and children and adolescents are considered as having hypertension when their blood pressure is greater than or equal to the 95th percentile. Nevertheless, it is recommended to use normative blood pressure tables developed according to age, height and gender, to define hypertension. Measuring blood pressure in children can be technically challenging and several measurement methods are listed here. Regardless of the age of the child, it is recommended to carefully check for a secondary cause of hypertension as in 2/3 of cases it has a renal or cardiac origin. The care pathway and principles of the therapeutic strategy are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Bouhanick
- Service d'Hypertension Artérielle et Thérapeutique, CHU Rangueil, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Sosner
- Centre Médico-Sportif MON STADE, Paris, France.,Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, APHP, Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
| | - Karine Brochard
- Service de Néphrologie Médecine Interne Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Mounier-Véhier
- Institut Cœur-Poumon, Médecine Vasculaire et HTA, CHU, Université Lille, EA 2694 - Santé Publique: Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins Lille, Lille, France
| | - Geneviève Plu-Bureau
- Unité de Gynécologie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Port-Royal, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Hascoet
- Pôle des Cardiopathies Congénitales du Nouveau-Né à L'adulte - Centre Constitutif Cardiopathies Congénitales Complexes M3C, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, Inserm U999, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Bruno Ranchin
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Service de Néphrologie Rhumatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Filières Maladies Rares ORKID et ERK-Net, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laetitia Martinerie
- Centre de Reference des Maladies Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Université de Paris, Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jean Marc Boivin
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université de Lorraine, Inserm CIC-P Pierre Drouin Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean Pierre Fauvel
- Service de Néphrologie Hospices Civils, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.,UMR CNRS 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Service de Néphrologie Rhumatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Filières Maladies Rares ORKID et ERK-Net, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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