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Chen H, Zhou Y, Wang X, Chai X, Wang Z, Wang E, Xu L, Hou T, Li D, Duan M. Discovery of Novel Anti-Resistance AR Antagonists Guided by Funnel Metadynamics Simulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309261. [PMID: 38481034 PMCID: PMC11109662 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonists are widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), but their therapeutic efficacy is usually compromised by the rapid emergence of drug resistance. However, the lack of the detailed interaction between AR and its antagonists poses a major obstacle to the design of novel AR antagonists. Here, funnel metadynamics is employed to elucidate the inherent regulation mechanisms of three AR antagonists (hydroxyflutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide) on AR. For the first time it is observed that the binding of antagonists significantly disturbed the C-terminus of AR helix-11, thereby disrupting the specific internal hydrophobic contacts of AR-LBD and correspondingly the communication between AR ligand binding pocket (AR-LBP), activation function 2 (AF2), and binding function 3 (BF3). The subsequent bioassays verified the necessity of the hydrophobic contacts for AR function. Furthermore, it is found that darolutamide, a newly approved AR antagonist capable of fighting almost all reported drug resistant AR mutants, can induce antagonistic binding structure. Subsequently, docking-based virtual screening toward the dominant binding conformation of AR for darolutamide is conducted, and three novel AR antagonists with favorable binding affinity and strong capability to combat drug resistance are identified by in vitro bioassays. This work provides a novel rational strategy for the development of anti-resistant AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei430071China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xin Chai
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | | | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringSchool of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou213001China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Mojie Duan
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei430071China
- NMR and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and MetallurgyWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China
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2
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Chai X, Hu XP, Wang XY, Wang HT, Pang JP, Zhou WF, Liao JN, Shan LH, Xu XH, Xu L, Xia HG, Hou TJ, Li D. Computationally guided discovery of novel non-steroidal AR-GR dual antagonists demonstrating potency against antiandrogen resistance. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1500-1518. [PMID: 36639570 PMCID: PMC10310723 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major class of medicine for treating the lethal type of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa), long-term use of androgen receptor (AR) antagonists commonly leads to antiandrogen resistance. When AR signaling pathway is blocked by AR-targeted therapy, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) could compensate for AR function especially at the late stage of PCa. AR-GR dual antagonist is expected to be a good solution for this situation. Nevertheless, no effective non-steroidal AR-GR dual antagonist has been reported so far. In this study, an AR-GR dual binder H18 was first discovered by combining structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluation. Then with the aid of computationally guided design, the AR-GR dual antagonist HD57 was finally identified with antagonistic activity towards both AR (IC50 = 0.394 μM) and GR (IC50 = 17.81 μM). Moreover, HD57 could effectively antagonize various clinically relevant AR mutants. Further molecular dynamics simulation provided more atomic insights into the mode of action of HD57. Our research presents an efficient and rational strategy for discovering novel AR-GR dual antagonists, and the new scaffold provides important clues for the development of novel therapeutics for castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chai
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Ping Hu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Ting Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Ping Pang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Ning Liao
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Hu Shan
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xia
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ting-Jun Hou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, Zhejiang, China.
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Al-Radadi NS, El-Gamil MM, Hussien MA, Salama HM. Novel ((E)-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene)amino)urea ligand and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, and anti-cancer activities. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2023.2188457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa S. Al-Radadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. El-Gamil
- Department of Toxic and Narcotic Drugs, Forensic Medicine, Mansoura Laboratory, Medico-legal Organization, Ministry of Justice, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - H. M. Salama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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4
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Li D, Bao X, Pang J, Hu X, Wang L, Wang J, Yang Z, Xu L, Wang S, Weng Q, Cui S, Hou T. Discovery and Optimization of N-Acyl-6-sulfonamide-tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives as Novel Non-Steroidal Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15710-15724. [PMID: 36399795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SGRMs), which can dissociate the transactivation from the transrepression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are regarded as very promising therapeutics for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We previously discovered a SGRM HP-19 based on the passive antagonistic conformation of GR and bioassays. In this study, we further analyzed the dynamic changes of the passive antagonistic state upon the binding of HP-19 and designed and synthesized 62 N-acyl-6-sulfonamide-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives by structural optimization of HP-19. Therein, compound B53 exhibits the best transrepression activity (IC50 NF-κB = 0.009 ± 0.001 μM) comparable with dexamethasone (IC50 NF-κB = 0.005 ± 0.001 μM) and no transactivation activity. B53 can efficiently reduce the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and so on and makes a milder adverse effect and is highly specific to GR. Furthermore, B53 is able to significantly relieve dermatitis on a mouse model via oral drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Bao
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinping Pang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Longling Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Banerjee A, De P, Kumar V, Kar S, Roy K. Quick and efficient quantitative predictions of androgen receptor binding affinity for screening Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals using 2D-QSAR and Chemical Read-Across. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136579. [PMID: 36174732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals are synthetic or natural molecules in the environment that promote adverse modifications of endogenous hormone regulation in humans and/or in animals. In the present research, we have applied two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) modeling to analyze the structural features of these chemicals responsible for binding to the androgen receptors (logRBA) in rats. We have collected the receptor binding data from the EDKB database (https://www.fda.gov/science-research/endocrine-disruptor-knowledge-base/accessing-edkb-database) and then employed the DTC-QSAR tool, available from https://dtclab.webs.com/software-tools, for dataset division, feature selection, and model development. The final partial least squares model was evaluated using various stringent validation criteria. From the model, we interpreted that hydrophobicity, steroidal nucleus, bulkiness and a hydrogen bond donor at an appropriate position contribute to the receptor binding affinity, while presence of electron rich features like aromaticity and polar groups decrease the receptor binding affinity. Additionally we have also performed chemical Read-Across predictions using Read-Across-v3.1 available from https://sites.google.com/jadavpuruniversity.in/dtc-lab-software/home, and the results for the external validation metrics were found to be better than the QSAR-derived predictions. The best quality of external predictions emerged from the q-RASAR approach which combines both read-across and QSAR. To explore the essential features responsible for the receptor binding, pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking along with molecular dynamics simulation were also performed, and the results are in accordance with the QSAR/q-RASAR findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprava Banerjee
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Priyanka De
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, United States
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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6
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Chen C, Chai X, Hu X, Lou S, Li D, Hou T, Cui S. Discovery of 2-(1-(3-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamides as Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Antagonists Targeting the Androgen Receptor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13074-13093. [PMID: 36154033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) antagonists are efficient therapeutics for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). All the approved AR antagonists to date are targeted to the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of AR and have suffered from various drug resistances, whereas AR antagonist targeting non-LBP site of AR is conceived as a promising strategy. Through the scaffold hopping of AR LBP antagonists, the 2-chloro-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile was designed as a new core structure for AR antagonists. A total of 46 compounds were synthesized and biologically evaluated to disclose compounds 2f, 2k, and 4c, exhibiting potent AR antagonistic activities (IC50 up to 69 nM), force against antiandrogen resistance, and untraditional targeting site of probably AR binding function 3. Therein, 4c exhibited effective tumor growth inhibition in LNCaP xenograft study upon oral administration. This work provides a novel chemical scaffold for AR antagonists and offers new perspective for the development of PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Chai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shengying Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Akeel Al-Hussaniy H, S. Al-tameemi Z, AL-Zobaidy MJ. In silico comparison between the mutated and wild-type androgen receptors and their influence on the selection of optimum androgenic receptor blockers for the treatment of prostate cancer. F1000Res 2022; 11:516. [PMID: 38779468 PMCID: PMC11109556 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.110072.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is a disease that occurs in men aged more than 50 years. In Iraq, 8.89 men per 100,000 population suffer from prostate cancer, with the incidence being 14,016 cases and mortality being 6,367 cases. Despite advances in treatment against prostate cancer, it can become resistant to drugs. Therefore, the aim of current study was to search and identify binding sites for the repositioning of drugs by computational methods (docking). Methods: Based on the protein structure of the wild androgen receptor, the analysis parameters (22x22x22 on the X, Y, and Z axes) were established. Results: The interactions of the natural ligands with androgen receptor were 10.0 (testosterone) and 10.8 (dihydrotestosterone) while mutated androgen receptor (T877A) had a low affinity with testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (-5.3 and -6.7, respectively). In the interactions of both receptors with the reported inhibitors (antagonists), a decrease with Bicalutamide (-8.3 and -4.3, respectively) and an increase in affinity with Flutamide and Nilutamide (-7.7 and 8.6, wild AR; -8.7 and -9.3 AR T877A) were observed. As for Enzalutamide and Apalutamide (second-generation antagonists), the change was minimal between wild androgen receptor and T877A (-7.6 and -7.7; -7.3 and -7.3, respectively). The change in the affinity of the ligands with androgen receptor and androgen receptor T877A shows how a mutation alters the bonds between these molecules. Conclusion: The identification of key sites and potent inhibitors against abnormal androgen receptor functions will enrich prostate cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Akeel Al-Hussaniy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Anesthetic, Alnukbah University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zahraa S. Al-tameemi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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8
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Discovery of novel MIF inhibitors that attenuate microglial inflammatory activation by structures-based virtual screening and in vitro bioassays. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1508-1520. [PMID: 34429524 PMCID: PMC9160002 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent pro-inflammatory cytokine and is related to acute and chronic inflammatory responses, immune disorders, tumors, and other diseases. In this study, an integrated virtual screening strategy and bioassays were used to search for potent MIF inhibitors. Twelve compounds with better bioactivity than the prototypical MIF-inhibitor ISO-1 (IC50 = 14.41 μM) were identified by an in vitro enzymatic activity assay. Structural analysis revealed that these inhibitors have novel structural scaffolds. Compound 11 was then chosen for further characterization in vitro, and it exhibited marked anti-inflammatory efficacy in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Our findings suggest that MIF may be involved in the regulation of microglial inflammatory activation and that small-molecule MIF inhibitors may serve as promising therapeutic agents for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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9
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Chai X, Sun H, Zhou W, Chen C, Shan L, Yang Y, He J, Pang J, Yang L, Wang X, Cui S, Fu Y, Xu X, Xu L, Yao X, Li D, Hou T. Discovery of N-(4-(Benzyloxy)-phenyl)-sulfonamide Derivatives as Novel Antagonists of the Human Androgen Receptor Targeting the Activation Function 2. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2507-2521. [PMID: 35077161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonists have been widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). As a link between the AR and its transcriptional function, the activation function 2 (AF2) region has recently been revealed as a novel targeting site for developing AR antagonists. Here, we reported a series of N-(4-(benzyloxy)-phenyl)-sulfonamide derivatives as new-scaffold AR antagonists targeting the AR AF2. Therein, compound T1-12 showed excellent AR antagonistic activity (IC50 = 0.47 μM) and peptide displacement activity (IC50 = 18.05 μM). Furthermore, the in vivo LNCaP xenograft study confirmed that T1-12 offered effective inhibition on tumor growth when administered intratumorally. The study represents the first successful attempt to identify a small molecule targeting the AR AF2 with submicromolar AR antagonistic activity by structure-based virtual screening and provides important clues for the development of novel therapeutics for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chai
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfang Zhou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changwei Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luhu Shan
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junzhao He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinping Pang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaqin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dan Li
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Pang JP, Hu XP, Wang YX, Liao JN, Chai X, Wang XW, Shen C, Wang JJ, Zhang LL, Wang XY, Zhu F, Weng QJ, Xu L, Hou TJ, Li D. Discovery of a novel nonsteroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator by virtual screening and bioassays. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2429-2438. [PMID: 35110698 PMCID: PMC8809242 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used in the treatment of a broad range of inflammatory diseases, but their clinic use is limited by undesired side effects such as metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, skin and muscle atrophies, mood disorders and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression. Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SGRMs) are expected to have promising anti-inflammatory efficacy but with fewer side effects caused by GCs. Here, we reported HT-15, a prospective SGRM discovered by structure-based virtual screening (VS) and bioassays. HT-15 can selectively act on the NF-κB/AP1-mediated transrepression function of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and repress the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and CCL-2) as effectively as dexamethasone (Dex). Compared with Dex, HT-15 shows less transactivation potency that is associated with the main adverse effects of synthetic GCs, and no cross activities with other nuclear receptors. Furthermore, HT-15 exhibits very weak inhibition on the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Therefore, it may reduce the side effects induced by normal GCs. The bioactive compound HT-15 can serve as a starting point for the development of novel therapeutics for high dose or long-term anti-inflammatory treatment.
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11
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Pang JP, Shen C, Zhou WF, Wang YX, Shan LH, Chai X, Shao Y, Hu XP, Zhu F, Zhu DY, Xiao L, Xu L, Xu XH, Li D, Hou TJ. Discovery of novel antagonists targeting the DNA binding domain of androgen receptor by integrated docking-based virtual screening and bioassays. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:229-239. [PMID: 33767381 PMCID: PMC8724294 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is a master regulator in the development and progress of prostate cancer (PCa). A major challenge for the clinically used AR antagonists is the rapid emergence of resistance induced by the mutations at AR ligand binding domain (LBD), and therefore the discovery of novel anti-AR therapeutics that can combat mutation-induced resistance is quite demanding. Therein, blocking the interaction between AR and DNA represents an innovative strategy. However, the hits confirmed targeting on it so far are all structurally based on a sole chemical scaffold. In this study, an integrated docking-based virtual screening (VS) strategy based on the crystal structure of the DNA binding domain (DBD) of AR was conducted to search for novel AR antagonists with new scaffolds and 2-(2-butyl-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxamido)-4,5-dimethoxybenzoicacid (Cpd39) was identified as a potential hit, which was competent to block the binding of AR DBD to DNA and showed decent potency against AR transcriptional activity. Furthermore, Cpd39 was safe and capable of effectively inhibiting the proliferation of PCa cell lines (i.e., LNCaP, PC3, DU145, and 22RV1) and reducing the expression of the genes regulated by not only the full-length AR but also the splice variant AR-V7. The novel AR DBD-ARE blocker Cpd39 could serve as a starting point for the development of new therapeutics for castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Pang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhou
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu-Hu Shan
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xin Chai
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ping Hu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dan-Yan Zhu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Xiao
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Dan Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ting-Jun Hou
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- State Key Lab of CAD & CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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12
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Fu W, Zhang M, Liao J, Tang Q, Lei Y, Gong Z, Shan L, Duan M, Chai X, Pang J, Tang C, Wang X, Xu X, Li D, Sheng R, Hou T. Discovery of a Novel Androgen Receptor Antagonist Manifesting Evidence to Disrupt the Dimerization of the Ligand-Binding Domain via Attenuating the Hydrogen-Bonding Network Between the Two Monomers. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17221-17238. [PMID: 34809430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) has proved to be a vital drug target for treating prostate cancer. Here, we reported the discovery of a novel AR antagonist 92 targeting the AR ligand-binding pocket, but distinct from the marketed drug enzalutamide (Enz), 92 demonstrated inhibition on the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) dimerization, which is a novel mechanism reported for the first time. First, a novel hit (26, IC50 = 5.57 μM) was identified through virtual screening based on a theoretical AR LBD dimer bound with the Enz model. Then, guided by molecular modeling, 92 was discovered with 32.7-fold improved AR antagonistic activity (IC50 = 0.17 μM). Besides showing high bioactivity and safety, 92 can inhibit AR nuclear translocation. Furthermore, 92 inhibited the formation of the AR LBD dimer, possibly through attenuating the hydrogen-bonding network between the two monomers. This interesting finding would pave the way for the discovery of a new class of AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Minkui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianing Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yixuan Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance at Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Luhu Shan
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Mojie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xin Chai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jinping Pang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuwen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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13
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Titov IY, Stroylov VS, Rusina P, Svitanko IV. Preliminary modelling as the first stage of targeted organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to present a classification and applicability analysis of methods for preliminary molecular modelling for targeted organic, catalytic and biocatalytic synthesis. The following three main approaches are considered as a primary classification of the methods: modelling of the target – ligand coordination without structural information on both the target and the resulting complex; calculations based on experimentally obtained structural information about the target; and dynamic simulation of the target – ligand complex and the reaction mechanism with calculation of the free energy of the reaction. The review is meant for synthetic chemists to be used as a guide for building an algorithm for preliminary modelling and synthesis of structures with specified properties.
The bibliography includes 353 references.
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14
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Shao G, Bao J, Pan X, He X, Qi Y, Zhang JZH. Analysis of the binding modes of the first- and second-generation antiandrogens with respect to F876L mutation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:60-72. [PMID: 33905591 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is an important target for the treatment of prostate cancer, and mutations in the AR have an important impact on the resistance of existing drugs. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the existing marketed antiandrogens flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, and its main metabolite ORM15341 in complex with the wild-type and F876L mutant AR. We calculated the residue-specific binding free energy contribution of the wild-type and mutant ARs with the AS-IE method and analyzed the hotspot residues and the binding free energy contributions of specific residues before and after the mutation. In addition, we analyzed the total binding obtained by adding residue binding energy contributions and compared the results with experimental values. The obtained residue-specific binding information should be very helpful in understanding the mechanism of drug resistance with respect to specific mutations and in the design of new generation drugs against possible new mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Shao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxiao Bao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Pan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - John Z H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Serçinoğlu O, Bereketoglu C, Olsson PE, Pradhan A. In silico and in vitro assessment of androgen receptor antagonists. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 92:107490. [PMID: 33932781 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing concern for male reproductive health as studies suggest that there is a sharp increase in prostate cancer and other fertility related problems. Apart from lifestyle, pollutants are also known to negatively affect the reproductive system. In addition to many other compounds that have been shown to alter androgen signaling, several environmental pollutants are known to disrupt androgen signaling via binding to androgen receptor (AR) or indirectly affecting the androgen synthesis. We analyzed here the molecular mechanism of the interaction between the human AR Ligand Binding Domain (hAR-LBD) and two environmental pollutants, linuron (a herbicide) and procymidone (a pesticide), and compared with the steroid agonist dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and well-known hAR antagonists bicalutamide and enzalutamide. Using molecular docking and dynamics simulations, we showed that the co-activator interaction site of the hAR-LBD is disrupted in different ways by different ligands. Binding free energies of the ligands were also ordered in increasing order as follows: linuron, procymidone, DHT, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide. These data were confirmed by in vitro assays. Reporter assay with MDA-kb2 cells showed that linuron, procymidone, bicalutamide and enzalutamide can inhibit androgen mediated activation of luciferase activity. Gene expression analysis further showed that these compounds can inhibit the expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and microseminoprotein beta (MSMB) in prostate cell line LNCaP. Comparative analysis showed that procymidone is more potent than linuron in inhibiting AR activity. Furthermore, procymidone at 10 μM dose showed equivalent and higher activity to AR inhibitor enzalutamide and bicalutamide respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Serçinoğlu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Bereketoglu
- Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
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16
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Paradoxical androgen receptor regulation by small molecule enantiomers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100918118. [PMID: 33741738 PMCID: PMC8000581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100918118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that target the androgen receptor (AR) are the mainstay of therapy for lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), yet existing drugs lose their efficacy during continued treatment. This evolution of resistance is due to heterogenous mechanisms which include AR mutations causing the identical drug to activate instead of inhibit the receptor. Understanding in molecular detail the paradoxical phenomenon wherein an AR antagonist is transformed into an agonist by structural mutations in the target receptor is thus of paramount importance. Herein, we describe a reciprocal paradox: opposing antagonist and agonist AR regulation determined uniquely by enantiomeric forms of the same drug structure. The antiandrogen BMS-641988, which has (R)-chirality at C-5 encompasses a previously uncharacterized (S)-stereoisomer that is, surprisingly, a potent agonist of AR, as demonstrated by transcriptional assays supported by cell imaging studies. This duality was reproduced in a series of novel compounds derived from the BMS-641988 scaffold. Coupled with in silico modeling studies, the results inform an AR model that explains the switch from potent antagonist to high-affinity agonist in terms of C-5 substituent steric interactions with helix 12 of the ligand binding site. They imply strategies to overcome AR drug resistance and demonstrate that insufficient enantiopurity in this class of AR antagonist can confound efforts to correlate structure with function.
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17
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Hazarika J, Ganguly M, Borgohain G, Sarma S, Bhuyan P, Mahanta R. Disruption of androgen receptor signaling by chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its environmental degradation products: a structural insight. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6027-6038. [PMID: 33480323 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1875885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen-disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the biosynthesis, metabolism or function of endogenous androgens affecting normal male reproductive development and health. Several epidemiological studies have indicated a link between exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals with reduced sperm counts and increased infertility. The actions of androgens within target cells are transduced by the androgen receptors (ARs). Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a chlorinated organophosphorus pesticide, is known to cause impairment in both male and female reproductive systems. Recent publications have shown molecular interactions of CPF and its environmental degradation products with human progesterone receptor and human estrogen receptor. Exposure to CPF causes a marked reduction in sperm counts with lowering in serum testosterone level, which suggests possible molecular interaction of CPF with AR. The investigation to reveal the possibility and the extent of binding of CPF and some of its degradation products (chlorpyrifos-oxon [CPYO], desethyl chlorpyrifos [DEC], trichloromethoxypyridine [TMP] and trichloropyridinol [TCP]) with AR using molecular docking simulation are reported. The findings of the present docking, binding energy and molecular dynamics studies reveal that CPF and its degradation products may bind to ARs and act as a potent androgen disruptor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mausumi Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Gargi Borgohain
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shruti Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rita Mahanta
- Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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18
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Zhu J, Wu Y, Wang M, Li K, Xu L, Chen Y, Cai Y, Jin J. Integrating Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening With Multiple Protein Structures and Bio-Assay Evaluation for Discovery of Novel GSK3β Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:566058. [PMID: 33041806 PMCID: PMC7517831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is associated with various key biological processes, and it has been considered as a critical therapeutic target for the treatment of many diseases. However, it is a big challenge to develop ATP-competition GSK3β inhibitors because of the high sequence homology with other kinases. In this work, a novel parallel virtual screening strategy based on multiple GSK3β protein structures, integrating molecular docking, complex-based pharmacophore, and naive Bayesian classification, was developed to screen a large chemical database, the 50 compounds with top-scores then underwent a luminescent kinase assay, which led to the discovery of two GSK3β inhibitor hits. The high screening enrichment rate indicates the reliability and practicability of the integrated protocol. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were employed to investigate the binding modes of the GSK3β inhibitors, and some “hot residues” critical to GSK3β affinity were highlighted. The present study may provide some valuable guidance for the development of novel GSK3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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19
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Wang J, Cao D, Tang C, Xu L, He Q, Yang B, Chen X, Sun H, Hou T. DeepAtomicCharge: a new graph convolutional network-based architecture for accurate prediction of atomic charges. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:6278692. [PMID: 34020543 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomic charges play a very important role in drug-target recognition. However, computation of atomic charges with high-level quantum mechanics (QM) calculations is very time-consuming. A number of machine learning (ML)-based atomic charge prediction methods have been proposed to speed up the calculation of high-accuracy atomic charges in recent years. However, most of them used a set of predefined molecular properties, such as molecular fingerprints, for model construction, which is knowledge-dependent and may lead to biased predictions due to the representation preference of different molecular properties used for training. To solve the problem, we present a new architecture based on graph convolutional network (GCN) and develop a high-accuracy atomic charge prediction model named DeepAtomicCharge. The new GCN architecture is designed with only the atomic properties and the connection information between the atoms in molecules and can dynamically learn and convert molecules into appropriate atomic features without any prior knowledge of the molecules. Using the designed GCN architecture, substantial improvement is achieved for the prediction accuracy of atomic charges. The average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of DeepAtomicCharge is 0.0121 e, which is obviously more accurate than that (0.0180 e) reported by the previous benchmark study on the same two external test sets. Moreover, the new GCN architecture needs much lower storage space compared with other methods, and the predicted DDEC atomic charges can be efficiently used in large-scale structure-based drug design, thus opening a new avenue for high-performance atomic charge prediction and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jike Wang
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410004, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Cunchen Tang
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.,Artificial Intelligence Institute, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.,Artificial Intelligence Institute, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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20
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Zinc-mediated conformational preselection mechanism in the allosteric control of DNA binding to the zinc transcriptional regulator (ZitR). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13276. [PMID: 32764589 PMCID: PMC7413533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc transcriptional regulator (ZitR) functions as a metalloregulator that fine tunes transcriptional regulation through zinc-dependent DNA binding. However, the molecular mechanism of zinc-driven allosteric control of the DNA binding to ZitR remains elusive. Here, we performed enhanced sampling accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to figure out the mechanism, revealing the role of protein dynamics in the zinc-induced allosteric control of DNA binding to ZitR. The results suggest that zinc-free ZitR samples distinct conformational states, only a handful of which are compatible with DNA binding. Remarkably, zinc binding reduces the conformational plasticity of the DNA-binding domain of ZitR, promoting the population shift in the ZitR conformational ensemble towards the DNA binding-competent conformation. Further co-binding of DNA to the zinc–ZitR complex stabilizes this competent conformation. These findings suggest that ZitR–DNA interactions are allosterically regulated in a zinc-mediated conformational preselection manner, highlighting the importance of conformational dynamics in the regulation of transcription factor family.
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21
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Hu X, Chai X, Wang X, Duan M, Pang J, Fu W, Li D, Hou T. Advances in the computational development of androgen receptor antagonists. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1453-1461. [PMID: 32439609 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor is a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor and an essential therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Competitive binding of antagonists to the androgen receptor can alleviate aberrant activation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer. In recent years, computer-aided drug design has played an essential part in the discovery of novel androgen receptor antagonists. This review summarizes the recent advances in the discovery of novel androgen receptor antagonists through computer-aided drug design approaches; and discusses the applications of molecular modeling techniques to understand the resistance mechanisms of androgen receptor antagonists at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Hu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Chai
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuwen Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mojie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinping Pang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dan Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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22
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Yang M, Xu Z, Zhuang Z. Macrophages affect immune inflammation and proliferation in benign prostatic hyperplasia via androgen receptor and CD40/CD40L signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101343. [PMID: 32473708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with development of prostate diseases, this study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of macrophages (MAs) in inflammation and proliferation of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) cells. METHODS Totally 85 prostate tissues (75 from BPH patients and 10 from brain death patients) were collected for determination of biomarkers of T lymphocyte (CD4 and CD8), B lymphocyte (CD20) and MAs (CD68), as well as androgen receptor (AR) and CD40/CD40L. MAs stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were cultured with BPH cells (BPH-1), followed by AR inhibitor or anti-CD40 L antibody treatment. Proliferation and cell apoptosis were observed by MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometer. Expressions of apoptotic related proteins and MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS BPH tissues had increased expressions of AR, CD40 and CD40 L, as well as elevated expressions of inflammation biomarkers (CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68) in comparison to normal prostate tissues. MAs could increase the expressions of lymphocytes and inflammation biomarkers, in addition to promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Cell proliferation and inflammation reaction could be attenuated by anti-CD40 L antibody and AR inhibitor in a concentration dependent manner through inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38. CONCLUSION MAs regulate AR and CD40/CD40L expression to promote the inflammation and proliferation as well as inhibiting apoptosis of BPH-1 cells through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. This conclusion may provide a therapeutic strategy for BPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggen Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China
| | - Zhenqiang Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China.
| | - Zhiming Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China
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23
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Chen X, Liu H, Xie W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Fan Y, Hua Y, Zhu L, Zhao J, Lu T, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Investigation of Crystal Structures in Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:5244-5262. [PMID: 31689093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are important drug targets in several therapeutic areas ,and structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) is an important strategy in discovering lead compounds for kinase targets. However, there are multiple crystal structures available for each target, and determining which one is the most favorable is a key step in molecular docking for SBVS due to the ligand induce-fit effect. This work aimed to find the most desirable crystal structures for molecular docking by a comprehensive analysis of the protein kinase database which covers 190 different kinases from all eight main kinase families. Through an integrated self-docking and cross-docking evaluation, 86 targets were eventually evaluated on a total of 2608 crystal structures. Results showed that molecular docking has great capability in reproducing conformation of crystallized ligands and for each target, the most favorable crystal structure was selected, and the AGC family outperformed the other family targets based on RMSD comparison. In addition, RMSD values, GlideScore, and corresponding bioactivity data were compared and demonstrated certain relationships. This work provides great convenience for researchers to directly select the optimal crystal structure in SBVS-based kinase drug design and further validates the effectiveness of molecular docking in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Wuchen Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yuanrong Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yi Hua
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Junnan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue , Nanjing 211198 , China
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24
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Ma YC, Yang B, Wang X, Zhou L, Li WY, Liu WS, Lu XH, Zheng ZH, Ma Y, Wang RL. Identification of novel inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases delta: structure-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, flexible docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and post-molecular dynamics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4432-4448. [PMID: 31625456 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1682050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique functions in regulating the synapse activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases delta (PTPδ) that has drawn special attention for developing drugs to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this study, the PTPδ pharmacophore was first established by the structure-based pharmacophore method. Subsequently, 10 compounds contented Lipinski's rule of five was acquired by the virtual screening of the PTPδ pharmacophore against ZINC and PubChem databases. Then, the 10 identified molecules were discovered that had better binding affinity than a known PTPδ inhibitors compound SCHEMBL16375396. Two compounds SCHEMBL16375408 and ZINC19796658 with high binding score, low toxicity were gained. They were observed by docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations that the novel potential inhibitors not only possessed the same function as SCHEMBL16375396 did in inhibiting PTPδ, but also had more favorable conformation to bind with the catalytic active regions. This study provides a new method for identify PTPδ inhibitor for the treatment of ASDs disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Ya Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Shan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Hua Lu
- New Drug Research and Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zheng
- New Drug Research and Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Run-Ling Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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25
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Thangsunan P, Wongsaipun S, Kittiwachana S, Suree N. Effective prediction model and determination of binding residues influential for inhibitors targeting HIV-1 integrase-LEDGF/p75 interface by employing solvent accessible surface area energy as key determinant. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:460-473. [PMID: 30744499 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1580219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Development of a highly accurate prediction model for protein-ligand inhibition has been a major challenge in drug discovery. Herein, we describe a novel predictive model for the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase (IN)-LEDGF/p75 protein-protein interaction. The model was constructed using energy parameters approximated from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations. Chemometric analysis using partial least squares (PLS) regression revealed that solvent accessible surface area energy (ΔGSASA) is the major determinant parameter contributing greatly to the prediction accuracy. PLS prediction model on the ΔGSASA values collected from 41 complexes yielded a strong correlation between the predicted and the actual inhibitory activities (R2 = 0.9666, RMSEC of pIC50 values = 0.0890). Additionally, for the test set of 14 complexes, the model performed satisfactorily with very low pIC50 errors (Q2 = 0.5168, RMSEP = 0.3325). A strong correlation between the buried surface areas on the IN protein, when bound with IN-LEDGF/p75 inhibitors, and the respective ΔGSASA values was also obtained. Furthermore, the current method could identify 'hot spots'of amino acid residues highly influential to the inhibitory activity prediction. This could present fruitful implications in binding site determination and future inhibitor developments targeting protein-protein interactions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharapong Thangsunan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakunna Wongsaipun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sila Kittiwachana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuttee Suree
- Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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26
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Li D, Zhou W, Pang J, Tang Q, Zhong B, Shen C, Xiao L, Hou T. A magic drug target: Androgen receptor. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1485-1514. [PMID: 30569509 DOI: 10.1002/med.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is closely associated with a group of hormone-related diseases including the cancers of prostate, breast, ovary, pancreas, etc and anabolic deficiencies such as muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. Depending on the specific type and stage of the diseases, AR ligands including not only antagonists but also agonists and modulators are considered as potential therapeutics, which makes AR an extremely interesting drug target. Here, we at first review the current understandings on the structural characteristics of AR, and then address why and how AR is investigated as a drug target for the relevant diseases and summarize the representative antagonists and agonists targeting five prospective small molecule binding sites at AR, including ligand-binding pocket, activation function-2 site, binding function-3 site, DNA-binding domain, and N-terminal domain, providing recent insights from a target and drug development view. Further comprehensive studies on AR and AR ligands would bring fruitful information and push the therapy of AR relevant diseases forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenfang Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinping Pang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingling Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Xiao
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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