1
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Rurek M. Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1406635. [PMID: 38974521 PMCID: PMC11224649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1406635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a closer analysis of cell functioning during β-coronavirus infection. This review will describe evidence for COVID-19 as a syndrome with a strong, albeit still underestimated, mitochondrial component. Due to the sensitivity of host mitochondria to coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial signaling, modulates the immune response, modifies cellular energy metabolism, induces apoptosis and ageing, worsening COVID-19 symptoms which can sometimes be fatal. Various aberrations across human systems and tissues and their relationships with mitochondria were reported. In this review, particular attention is given to characterization of multiple alterations in gene expression pattern and mitochondrial metabolism in COVID-19; the complexity of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins is presented. The participation of mitogenome fragments in cell signaling and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA within membranous compartments, including mitochondria is widely discussed. As SARS-CoV-2 severely affects the quality system of mitochondria, the cellular background for aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics in COVID-19 is additionally characterized. Finally, perspectives on the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis by numerous compounds and therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Azizogli AR, Pai V, Coppola F, Jafari R, Dodd-o JB, Harish R, Balasubramanian B, Kashyap J, Acevedo-Jake AM, Král P, Kumar VA. Scalable Inhibitors of the Nsp3-Nsp4 Coupling in SARS-CoV-2. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5349-5360. [PMID: 36798146 PMCID: PMC9923439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The human Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a novel pathogen claiming millions of lives and causing a global pandemic that has disrupted international healthcare systems, economies, and communities. The virus is fast mutating and presenting more infectious but less lethal versions. Currently, some small-molecule therapeutics have received FDA emergency use authorization for the treatment of COVID-19, including Lagevrio (molnupiravir) and Paxlovid (nirmaltrevir/ritonavir), which target the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the 3CLpro main protease, respectively. Proteins downstream in the viral replication process, specifically the nonstructural proteins (Nsps1-16), are potential drug targets due to their crucial functions. Of these Nsps, Nsp4 is a particularly promising drug target due to its involvement in the SARS-CoV viral replication and double-membrane vesicle formation (mediated via interaction with Nsp3). Given the degree of sequence conservation of these two Nsps across the Betacoronavirus clade, their protein-protein interactions and functions are likely to be conserved as well in SARS-CoV-2. Through AlphaFold2 and its recent advancements, protein structures were generated of Nsp3 and 4 lumenal loops of interest. Then, using a combination of molecular docking suites and an existing library of lead-like compounds, we virtually screened 7 million ligands to identify five putative ligand inhibitors of Nsp4, which could present an alternative pharmaceutical approach against SARS-CoV-2. These ligands exhibit promising lead-like properties (ideal molecular weight and log P profiles), maintain fixed-Nsp4-ligand complexes in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and tightly associate with Nsp4 via hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, alternative peptide inhibitors based on Nsp3 were designed and shown in MD simulations to provide a highly stable binding to the Nsp4 protein. Finally, these therapeutics were attached to dendrimer structures to promote their multivalent binding with Nsp4, especially its large flexible luminal loop (Nsp4LLL). The therapeutics tested in this study represent many different approaches for targeting large flexible protein structures, especially those localized to the ER. This study is the first work targeting the membrane rearrangement system of viruses and will serve as a potential avenue for treating viruses with similar replicative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rahman Azizogli
- Department
of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Varun Pai
- Department
of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Francesco Coppola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Roya Jafari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Joseph B. Dodd-o
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Rohan Harish
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Bhavani Balasubramanian
- Department
of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jatin Kashyap
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Amanda M. Acevedo-Jake
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Departments
of Physics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Department
of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute
of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department
of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental
Medicine, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
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3
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Li C, Yue L, Ju Y, Wang J, Chen M, Lu H, Liu S, Liu T, Wang J, Hu X, Tuohetaerbaike B, Wen H, Zhang W, Xu S, Jiang C, Chen F. Serum Proteomic Analysis for New Types of Long-Term Persistent COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0127022. [PMID: 36314975 PMCID: PMC9784772 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01270-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a new type of COVID-19 patients, who were retested positive after hospital discharge with long-term persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection but without COVID-19 clinical symptoms (hereinafter, LTPPs), poses novel challenges to COVID-19 treatment and prevention. Why was there such a contradictory phenomenon in LTPPs? To explore the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we performed quantitative proteomic analyses using the sera of 12 LTPPs (Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital), with the longest carrying history of 132 days, and mainly focused on 7 LTPPs without hypertension (LTPPs-NH). The results showed differential serum protein profiles between LTPPs/LTPPs-NH and health controls. Further analysis identified 174 differentially-expressed-proteins (DEPs) for LTPPs, and 165 DEPs for LTPPs-NH, most of which were shared. GO and KEGG analyses for these DEPs revealed significant enrichment of "coagulation" and "immune response" in both LTPPs and LTPPs-NH. A unity of contradictory genotypes in the 2 aspects were then observed: some DEPs showed the same dysregulated expressed trend as that previously reported for patients in the acute phase of COVID-19, which might be caused by long-term stimulation of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTPPs, further preventing them from complete elimination; in contrast, some DEPs showed the opposite expression trend in expression, so as to retain control of COVID-19 clinical symptoms in LTPPs. Overall, the contrary effects of these DEPs worked together to maintain the balance of LTPPs, further endowing their contradictory steady-state with long-term persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection but without symptoms. Additionally, our study revealed some potential therapeutic targets of COVID-19. Further studies on these are warranted. IMPORTANCE This study reported a new type of COVID-19 patients and explored the underlying molecular mechanism by quantitative proteomic analyses. DEPs were significantly enriched in "coagulation" and "immune response". Importantly, we identified 7 "coagulation system"- and 9 "immune response"-related DEPs, the expression levels of which were consistent with those previously reported for patients in the acute phase of COVID-19, which appeared to play a role in avoiding the complete elimination of SARS-CoV-2 in LTPPs. On the contrary, 6 "coagulation system"- and 5 "immune response"-related DEPs showed the opposite trend in expression. The 11 inconsistent serum proteins seem to play a key role in the fight against long-term persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, further retaining control of COVID-19 clinical symptom of LTPPs. The 26 proteins can serve as potential therapeutic targets and are thus valuable for the treatment of LTPPs; further studies on them are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuidan Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiao Ju
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bahetibieke Tuohetaerbaike
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sihong Xu
- Division II of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing, China
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4
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Focus on Marine Animal Safety and Marine Bioresources in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Crisis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315136. [PMID: 36499463 PMCID: PMC9737530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 as a zoonotic virus has significantly affected daily life and social behavior since its outbreak in late 2019. The concerns over its transmission through different media directly or indirectly have evoked great attention about the survival of SARS-CoV-2 virions in the environment and its potential infection of other animals. To evaluate the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and to counteract the COVID-19 disease, extensive studies have been performed to understand SARS-CoV-2 biogenesis and its pathogenesis. This review mainly focuses on the molecular architecture of SARS-CoV-2, its potential for infecting marine animals, and the prospect of drug discovery using marine natural products to combat SARS-CoV-2. The main purposes of this review are to piece together progress in SARS-CoV-2 functional genomic studies and antiviral drug development, and to raise our awareness of marine animal safety on exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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5
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Hao M, Wang D, Xia Q, Kan S, Chang L, Liu H, Yang Z, Liu W. Pathogenic Mechanism and Multi-omics Analysis of Oral Manifestations in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879792. [PMID: 35860279 PMCID: PMC9290522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease that seriously threatens human life. The clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 include acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19, spreads through contaminated droplets. SARS-CoV-2 particles have been detected in the saliva of COVID-19 patients, implying that the virus can infect and damage the oral cavity. The oral manifestations of COVID-19 include xerostomia and gustatory dysfunction. Numerous studies showed that the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are its potential pathogenic factors, especially the S protein, which binds to human ACE2 receptors facilitating the entry of the virus into the host cells. Usually, upon entry into the host cell, a pathogen triggers the host’s immune response. However, a mount of multi-omics and immunological analyses revealed that COVID-19 is caused by immune dysregulation. A decrease in the number and phenotypes of immune cells, IFN-1 production and excessive release of certain cytokines have also been reported. In conclusion, this review summarizes the oral manifestations of COVID-19 and multi-omics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianyun Xia
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhijing Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Liu,
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6
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Ward B, Yombi JC, Balligand JL, Cani PD, Collet JF, de Greef J, Dewulf JP, Gatto L, Haufroid V, Jodogne S, Kabamba B, Pyr dit Ruys S, Vertommen D, Elens L, Belkhir L. HYGIEIA: HYpothesizing the Genesis of Infectious Diseases and Epidemics through an Integrated Systems Biology Approach. Viruses 2022; 14:1373. [PMID: 35891354 PMCID: PMC9318602 DOI: 10.3390/v14071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two years on, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc around the world and has battle-tested the pandemic-situation responses of all major global governments. Two key areas of investigation that are still unclear are: the molecular mechanisms that lead to heterogenic patient outcomes, and the causes of Post COVID condition (AKA Long-COVID). In this paper, we introduce the HYGIEIA project, designed to respond to the enormous challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic through a multi-omic approach supported by network medicine. It is hoped that in addition to investigating COVID-19, the logistics deployed within this project will be applicable to other infectious agents, pandemic-type situations, and also other complex, non-infectious diseases. Here, we first look at previous research into COVID-19 in the context of the proteome, metabolome, transcriptome, microbiome, host genome, and viral genome. We then discuss a proposed methodology for a large-scale multi-omic longitudinal study to investigate the aforementioned biological strata through high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and mass-spectrometry (MS) technologies. Lastly, we discuss how a network medicine approach can be used to analyze the data and make meaningful discoveries, with the final aim being the translation of these discoveries into the clinics to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Ward
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics Group (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (B.W.); (S.P.d.R.)
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.d.G.); (J.P.D.); (V.H.)
| | - Jean Cyr Yombi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jean-François Collet
- WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Julien de Greef
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.d.G.); (J.P.D.); (V.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Joseph P. Dewulf
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.d.G.); (J.P.D.); (V.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Biochemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit (CBIO), de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.d.G.); (J.P.D.); (V.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Sébastien Jodogne
- Computer Science and Engineering Department (INGI), Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics (ICTEAM), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Benoît Kabamba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Pôle de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Pyr dit Ruys
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics Group (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (B.W.); (S.P.d.R.)
| | - Didier Vertommen
- De Duve Institute, and MASSPROT Platform, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Laure Elens
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics Group (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (B.W.); (S.P.d.R.)
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.d.G.); (J.P.D.); (V.H.)
| | - Leïla Belkhir
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.d.G.); (J.P.D.); (V.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
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7
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Chen L, Liu C, Liang T, Ye Z, Huang S, Chen J, Sun X, Yi M, Zhou C, Jiang J, Chen T, Li H, Chen W, Guo H, Chen W, Yao Y, Liao S, Yu C, Wu S, Fan B, Gan Z, Zhan X. Mechanism of COVID-19-Related Proteins in Spinal Tuberculosis: Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882651. [PMID: 35720320 PMCID: PMC9202521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this article was to investigate the mechanism of immune dysregulation of COVID-19-related proteins in spinal tuberculosis (STB). Methods Clinical data were collected to construct a nomogram model. C-index, calibration curve, ROC curve, and DCA curve were used to assess the predictive ability and accuracy of the model. Additionally, 10 intervertebral disc samples were collected for protein identification. Bioinformatics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including immune cells analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI). Results The nomogram predicted risk of STB ranging from 0.01 to 0.994. The C-index and AUC in the training set were 0.872 and 0.862, respectively. The results in the external validation set were consistent with the training set. Immune cells scores indicated that B cells naive in STB tissues were significantly lower than non-TB spinal tissues. Hub proteins were calculated by Degree, Closeness, and MCC methods. The main KEGG pathway included Coronavirus disease-COVID-19. There were 9 key proteins in the intersection of COVID-19-related proteins and hub proteins. There was a negative correlation between B cells naive and RPL19. COVID-19-related proteins were associated with immune genes. Conclusion Lymphocytes were predictive factors for the diagnosis of STB. Immune cells showed low expression in STB. Nine COVID-19-related proteins were involved in STB mechanisms. These nine key proteins may suppress the immune mechanism of STB by regulating the expression of immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tuo Liang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shengsheng Huang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xuhua Sun
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chenxing Zhou
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Li
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wuhua Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wenkang Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanlin Yao
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shian Liao
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chaojie Yu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Binguang Fan
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaoping Gan
- Department of Hematology, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, Guangxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, China
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