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Talafha MM, Qasem A, Naser SA. Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Infection Suppresses Vitamin D Activation and Cathelicidin Production in Macrophages through Modulation of the TLR2-Dependent p38/MAPK-CYP27B1-VDR-CAMP Axis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1358. [PMID: 38732603 PMCID: PMC11085596 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a vital role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with higher levels of autoimmune response and increased susceptibility to infections. CYP27B1 encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. It is instrumental in the conversion of circulating vitamin D (calcifediol) to active vitamin D (calcitriol). This is a crucial step for macrophages to express Cathelicidin Anti-microbial Peptide (CAMP), an anti-bacterial factor released during the immune response. Our recent study indicated that a Crohn's disease (CD)-associated pathogen known as Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) decreases vitamin D activation in macrophages, thereby impeding cathelicidin production and MAP infection clearance. The mechanism by which MAP infection exerts these effects on the vitamin D metabolic axis remains elusive. METHODS We used two cell culture models of THP-1 macrophages and Caco-2 monolayers to establish the effects of MAP infection on the vitamin D metabolic axis. We also tested the effects of Calcifediol, Calcitriol, and SB203580 treatments on the relative expression of the vitamin D metabolic genes, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines profile. RESULTS In this study, we found that MAP infection interferes with vitamin D activation inside THP-1 macrophages by reducing levels of CYP27B1 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression via interaction with the TLR2-dependent p38/MAPK pathway. MAP infection exerts its effects in a time-dependent manner, with the maximal inhibition observed at 24 h post-infection. We also demonstrated the necessity to have toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) for MAP infection to influence CYP27B1 and CAMP expression, as TLR2 gene knockdown resulted in an average increase of 7.78 ± 0.88 and 13.90 ± 3.5 folds in their expression, respectively. MAP infection also clearly decreased the levels of p38 phosphorylation and showed dependency on the p38/MAPK pathway to influence the expression of CYP27B1, VDR, and CAMP which was evident by the average fold increase of 1.93 ± 0.28, 1.86 ± 0.27, and 6.34 ± 0.51 in their expression, respectively, following p38 antagonism. Finally, we showed that calcitriol treatment and p38/MAPK blockade reduce cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in Caco-2 monolayers following macrophage-mediated MAP infection. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized the primary mechanism by which MAP infection leads to diminished levels of active vitamin D and cathelicidin in CD patients, which may explain the exacerbated vitamin D deficiency state in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saleh A. Naser
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (M.M.T.); (A.Q.)
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Nani P, Ladopoulou M, Papaioannou EH, Papagianni ED, Antonatos C, Xiropotamos P, Kapsoritakis A, Potamianos PS, Karmiris K, Tzathas C, Patsatsi A, Lazaridou E, Zafiriou E, Roussaki-Schulze A, Georgiou S, Grafanaki K, Georgakilas GK, Vasilopoulos Y. Pharmacogenetic Analysis of the MIR146A rs2910164 and MIR155 rs767649 Polymorphisms and Response to Anti-TNF Treatment in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Psoriasis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:445. [PMID: 36833372 PMCID: PMC9957441 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical heterogeneity regarding the response profile of the antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and psoriasis (PsO) is attributed, amongst others, to genetic factors that influence the regulatory mechanisms which orchestrate the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated the possible associations between the MIR146A rs2910164 and MIR155 rs767649 variants and the response to anti-TNF therapy in a Greek cohort of 103 CD and 100 PsO patients. We genotyped 103 CD patients and 100 PsO patients via the PCR-RFLP method, utilizing the de novo formation of a restriction site for the SacI enzyme considering the MIR146A rs2910164, while Tsp45I was employed for the MIR155 rs767649 variant. Additionally, we investigated the potential functional role of the rs767649 variant, exploring in silico the alteration of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) mapped on its genomic location. Our single-SNP analysis displayed a significant association between the rare rs767649 A allele and response to therapy (Bonferroni-corrected p value = 0.012) in patients with PsO, a result further enhanced by the alteration in the IRF2 TFBS caused by the above allele. Our results highlight the protective role of the rare rs767649 A allele in the clinical remission of PsO, implying its utilization as a pharmacogenetic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Nani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Ladopoulou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Evgenia H. Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelia D. Papagianni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charalabos Antonatos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Xiropotamos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Andreas Kapsoritakis
- Gastroenterology Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Petros S. Potamianos
- Gastroenterology Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karmiris
- Gastroenterology Department, “Venizeleio Pananeio” General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charalambos Tzathas
- Gastroenterology Department, “Tzaneio” General Hospital of Piraeus, 18536 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Patsatsi
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- BioPsorAD Consortium, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Elisavet Lazaridou
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- BioPsorAD Consortium, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- BioPsorAD Consortium, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
| | - Angeliki Roussaki-Schulze
- BioPsorAD Consortium, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Dermatology, University General Hospital Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- BioPsorAD Consortium, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Grafanaki
- BioPsorAD Consortium, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Georgakilas
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Clinical and Laboratory Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece
| | - Yiannis Vasilopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- BioPsorAD Consortium, 26504 Patras, Greece
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The first association study of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 (PTPN2) gene polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with Crohn's disease. Gene 2022; 836:146661. [PMID: 35680018 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is one of the sub-entities of Inflammatory Bowel Disease which causes chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The development of CD has shown to have a strong genetic association. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in a susceptible locus of CD, the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene and the development of CD in Malaysian patients. A total of 137 CD patients and 274 matched healthy controls were recruited in the present study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the venous blood of participants and five targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PTPN2 gene were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction. Associations between the SNPs and CD were determined using Fisher's exact test and odds ratio. Findings showed that all five selected SNPs were not significantly associated with the development of CD in Malaysian patients, which was in contrast to studies among the European populations. Malaysian Chinese with rs487273 heterozygous G/T genotype was found to have a lower occurrence of CD (P-value = 0.0253; OR = 0.4396). Patients with rs2542152 homozygous T genotype were associated with stricturing behaviour (P-value = 0.0302, OR = 2.9944). The rs16939895 A/G genotype was associated with inflammation at the ileum site (P-value = 0.0387, OR = 2.2105)while homozygous G genotype was associated with colonic CD (P-value = 0.0164, OR = 2.3917). Functional studies of these SNPs are needed to evaluate their potential use as a biomarker for disease phenotypes among Asian patients.
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Berberine and its derivatives represent as the promising therapeutic agents for inflammatory disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:297-309. [PMID: 35083737 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, with the skeleton of quaternary ammonium, has been considered as the well-defined natural product in treating multiple diseases, including inflammation, acute and chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and diabetes. However, due to the low bioavailability and systemic exposure, broad clinical applications of berberine have been largely impeded. Numerous studies have been conducted to further explore the therapeutic capacities of berberine in preclinical and clinical trials. Over the past, berberine and its derivatives have been shown to possess numerous pharmacological activities, as evidenced in intestinal, pulmonary, skin, and bone inflammatory disorders. In the present review, the pharmacological impact of berberine on inflammatory diseases are fully discussed, with indication that berberine and its potential derivatives represent promising natural therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Barreto E Barreto L, Rattes IC, da Costa AV, Gama P. Paneth cells and their multiple functions. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:701-710. [PMID: 35032139 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine mucosa is lined by specialized cells that form the crypt-villus axis, which expands its surface. Among the six intestinal epithelial cell types, the Paneth cell is located at the base of the crypt, and it contains numerous granules in its cytoplasm, composed of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins and lysozyme, and growth factors, such as EGF, TGF-alpha, and Wnt ligands. Together, these elements act in the defense against microorganisms, regulation of intestinal microbiota, maintenance, and regulation of stem cell identity. Pathologies that target Paneth cells can disturb such defense activity, but they also affect the maintenance of stem cell niche. In that way, Crohn's disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and graft-versus-host disease promote a reduction of Paneth cell population, and consequently of secretion of their products into the lumen of the crypts, making the affected organism predisposed to infections and dysbiosis. Additionally, the emergence of new intestinal cells is also decreased. This review aims to address the main characteristics of Paneth cells, highlighting their multiple functions and the importance of their preservation to ensure bowel homeostasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laylla Barreto E Barreto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Campos Rattes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Vasques da Costa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Intestinal microbiome perturbation characterizes Crohn's disease (CD), though specific contributors to pathophysiology remain elusive. In a recent issue of Science, Jain et al. show that Debaryomyces hansenii impairs intestinal healing in mice via effects on type I interferon signaling and chemokine CCL5 expression in macrophages and that it is also prevalent in the inflamed mucosa of CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Magnaye
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Elhenawy W, Hordienko S, Gould S, Oberc AM, Tsai CN, Hubbard TP, Waldor MK, Coombes BK. High-throughput fitness screening and transcriptomics identify a role for a type IV secretion system in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2032. [PMID: 33795670 PMCID: PMC8016931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are pathogenic bacteria frequently isolated from patients who have Crohn's disease (CD). Despite the phenotypic differences between AIEC and commensal E. coli, comparative genomic approaches have been unable to differentiate these two groups, making the identification of key virulence factors a challenge. Here, we conduct a high-resolution, in vivo genetic screen to map AIEC genes required for intestinal colonization of mice. In addition, we use in vivo RNA-sequencing to define the host-associated AIEC transcriptome. We identify diverse metabolic pathways required for efficient gut colonization by AIEC and show that a type IV secretion system (T4SS) is required to form biofilms on the surface of epithelial cells, thereby promoting AIEC persistence in the gut. E. coli isolated from CD patients are enriched for a T4SS, suggesting a possible connection to disease activity. Our findings establish the T4SS as a principal AIEC colonization factor and highlight the use of genome-wide screens in decoding the infection biology of CD-associated bacteria that otherwise lack a defined genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Elhenawy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Hordienko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Gould
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander M Oberc
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Caressa N Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Troy P Hubbard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian K Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Calender A, Weichhart T, Valeyre D, Pacheco Y. Current Insights in Genetics of Sarcoidosis: Functional and Clinical Impacts. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2633. [PMID: 32823753 PMCID: PMC7465171 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex disease that belongs to the vast group of autoinflammatory disorders, but the etiological mechanisms of which are not known. At the crosstalk of environmental, infectious, and genetic factors, sarcoidosis is a multifactorial disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach for which genetic research, in particular, next generation sequencing (NGS) tools, has made it possible to identify new pathways and propose mechanistic hypotheses. Codified treatments for the disease cannot always respond to the most progressive forms and the identification of new genetic and metabolic tracks is a challenge for the future management of the most severe patients. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the genes identified by both genome wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES), as well the connection of these pathways with the current research on sarcoidosis immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Calender
- Department of Molecular and Medical genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital, 69500 Bron, France;
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- INSERM UMR 1272, Department of Pulmonology, Avicenne Hospital, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Saint Joseph Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Yves Pacheco
- Department of Molecular and Medical genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital, 69500 Bron, France;
- CNRS UMR 5305, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
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A cross-disease meta-GWAS identifies four new susceptibility loci shared between systemic sclerosis and Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1862. [PMID: 32024964 PMCID: PMC7002703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified a number of genetic risk loci associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Crohn’s disease (CD), some of which confer susceptibility to both diseases. In order to identify new risk loci shared between these two immune-mediated disorders, we performed a cross-disease meta-analysis including GWAS data from 5,734 SSc patients, 4,588 CD patients and 14,568 controls of European origin. We identified 4 new loci shared between SSc and CD, IL12RB2, IRF1/SLC22A5, STAT3 and an intergenic locus at 6p21.31. Pleiotropic variants within these loci showed opposite allelic effects in the two analysed diseases and all of them showed a significant effect on gene expression. In addition, an enrichment in the IL-12 family and type I interferon signaling pathways was observed among the set of SSc-CD common genetic risk loci. In conclusion, through the first cross-disease meta-analysis of SSc and CD, we identified genetic variants with pleiotropic effects on two clinically distinct immune-mediated disorders. The fact that all these pleiotropic SNPs have opposite allelic effects in SSc and CD reveals the complexity of the molecular mechanisms by which polymorphisms affect diseases.
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Elhenawy W, Tsai CN, Coombes BK. Host-Specific Adaptive Diversification of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:301-312.e5. [PMID: 30683582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease influenced by bacteria. Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) is associated with CD, yet the adaptations facilitating AIEC gut colonization are unknown. AIEC isolates exhibit high genetic diversity, suggesting strains evolve independently across different gut environments. We tracked the adaptive evolution of AIEC in a murine model of chronic colonization across multiple hosts and transmission events. We detected evolved lineages that outcompeted the ancestral strain in the host through independent mechanisms. One lineage was hypermotile because of a mobile insertion sequence upstream of the master flagellar regulator, flhDC, which enhanced AIEC invasion and establishment of a mucosal niche. Another lineage outcompeted the ancestral strain through improved use of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid in the gut. The presence of hypermotile and acetate-consuming lineages discriminated E. coli isolated from CD patients from healthy controls, suggesting an evolutionary trajectory that distinguishes AIEC from commensal E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Elhenawy
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Caressa N Tsai
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brian K Coombes
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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