1
|
Rodríguez-Villegas C, Díaz PA, Salgado P, Tomasetti SJ, Díaz M, Marín SL, Baldrich ÁM, Niklitschek E, Pino L, Matamala T, Espinoza K, Figueroa RI. The role of physico-chemical interactions in the seasonality of toxic dinoflagellate cyst assemblages: The case of the NW Patagonian fjords system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119901. [PMID: 35963388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are recurrent in the NW Patagonia fjords system and their frequency has increased over the last few decades. Outbreaks of HAB species such as Alexandrium catenella, a causal agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning, and Protoceratium reticulatum, a yessotoxins producer, have raised considerable concern due to their adverse socioeconomic consequences. Monitoring programs have mainly focused on their planktonic stages, but since these species produce benthic resting cysts, the factors influencing cyst distributions are increasingly gaining recognition as potentially important to HAB recurrence in some regions. Still, a holistic understanding of the physico-chemical conditions influencing cyst distribution in this region is lacking, especially as it relates to seasonal changes in drivers of cyst distributions, as the characteristics that favor cyst preservation in the sediment may change through the seasons. In this study, we analyzed the physico-chemical properties of the sediment (temperature, pH, redox potential) and measured the bottom dissolved oxygen levels in a "hotspot" area of southern Chile, sampling during the spring and summer as well as the fall and winter, to determine the role these factors may play as modulators of dinoflagellate cyst distribution, and specifically for the cysts of A. catenella and P. reticulatum. A permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed the significant effect of sediment redox conditions in explaining the differences in the cyst assemblages between spring-summer and fall-winter periods (seasonality). In a generalized linear model (GLM), sediment redox potential and pH were associated with the highest abundances of A. catenella resting cysts in the spring-summer, however it was sediment temperature that most explained the distribution of A. catenella in the fall-winter. For P. reticulatum, only spring-summer sediment redox potential and temperature explained the variation in cyst abundances. The implications of environmental (physico-chemical) seasonality for the resting cysts dynamics of both species are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Patricio A Díaz
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Pablo Salgado
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Enrique Abello 0552, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Manuel Díaz
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile; Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Sandra L Marín
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Ángela M Baldrich
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Edwin Niklitschek
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Loreto Pino
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Thamara Matamala
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Katherine Espinoza
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Rosa I Figueroa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramilo I, Figueroa RI, Rayón-Viña F, Cuadrado Á, Bravo I. Temperature-dependent growth and sexuality of the ciguatoxin producer dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus spp. in cultures established from the Canary Islands. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 110:102130. [PMID: 34887010 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benthic dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus produce ciguatoxins, compounds that when metabolized in fish and consumed by humans cause ciguatera poisoning (CP). This syndrome, which is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, has recently been reported also in subtropical-temperate latitudes such as the Canary Islands where CP events have been regularly detected since 2004. This study examined the effect of temperature on the growth of Gambierdiscus isolated from Canary waters: G. australes, G. caribaeus, G. carolinianus, G. excentricus, and G. silvae. From the temperature vs. growth curves, the maximum growth (µm), optimum temperature range for growth (Topt), and the temperature yielding maximum growth (Tm) were estimated for each species. The results revealed temperature-dependent differences in the growth parameters. G. caribaeus had the highest Tm and Topt, followed by G. australes, G. carolinianus, G. silvae, and G excentricus. G. australes tolerated the widest range of temperatures (from 15 °C to 29 °C), which may explain its broader geographic distribution, both worldwide and across the Canary archipelago. Neither G. excentricus nor G. silvae survived at 29 °C whereas G. caribaeus reached mean growth rates (± standard deviation) up to 0.19 ± 0.01 div.day-1 at that temperature, followed by G. australes (0.16 ± 0.01 div.day-1) and G. carolinianus (0.14 ± 0.04 div.day-1). G. caribaeus showed no measurable growth at 19°C, whereas G. excentricus and G. silvae along with G. australes appeared as the species better adapted to lower temperatures. In an intraspecific variability study of 12 strains of G. australes, the mean (± standard deviation) of µm and Tm were 0.17 ± 0.01 div.day-1 and 27.7 ± 0.5 °C, respectively. An analysis of the shapes and position of the cell nuclei at the different temperatures showed that nuclei characteristic of vegetative cells appeared mainly at 26 °C but extreme temperatures resulted in nuclei with a more variable morphology. The presence of putative zygotes at extreme temperatures (17 °C, 19 °C and 29 °C) suggests that sexual reproduction is promoted as an adaptive strategy which could play an important role in the expansion of geographic distribution of Gambierdiscus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ramilo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rosa Isabel Figueroa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Rayón-Viña
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cuadrado
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Dpto Biomedicina y Biotecnología, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bioluminescence and Photoreception in Unicellular Organisms: Light-Signalling in a Bio-Communication Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111311. [PMID: 34768741 PMCID: PMC8582858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence, the emission of light catalysed by luciferases, has evolved in many taxa from bacteria to vertebrates and is predominant in the marine environment. It is now well established that in animals possessing a nervous system capable of integrating light stimuli, bioluminescence triggers various behavioural responses and plays a role in intra- or interspecific visual communication. The function of light emission in unicellular organisms is less clear and it is currently thought that it has evolved in an ecological framework, to be perceived by visual animals. For example, while it is thought that bioluminescence allows bacteria to be ingested by zooplankton or fish, providing them with favourable conditions for growth and dispersal, the luminous flashes emitted by dinoflagellates may have evolved as an anti-predation system against copepods. In this short review, we re-examine this paradigm in light of recent findings in microorganism photoreception, signal integration and complex behaviours. Numerous studies show that on the one hand, bacteria and protists, whether autotrophs or heterotrophs, possess a variety of photoreceptors capable of perceiving and integrating light stimuli of different wavelengths. Single-cell light-perception produces responses ranging from phototaxis to more complex behaviours. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that unicellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes can perform complex tasks ranging from habituation and decision-making to associative learning, despite lacking a nervous system. Here, we focus our analysis on two taxa, bacteria and dinoflagellates, whose bioluminescence is well studied. We propose the hypothesis that similar to visual animals, the interplay between light-emission and reception could play multiple roles in intra- and interspecific communication and participate in complex behaviour in the unicellular world.
Collapse
|
4
|
Balota EJ, Head MJ, Okada M, Suganuma Y, Haneda Y. Paleoceanography and dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy across the Lower-Middle Pleistocene Subseries (Calabrian-Chibanian Stage) boundary at the Chiba composite section, Japan. PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE 2021; 8:48. [PMID: 34722118 PMCID: PMC8550375 DOI: 10.1186/s40645-021-00438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A dinoflagellate cyst record from the highly resolved Chiba composite section in Japan has been used to reconstruct sea-surface paleoceanographic changes across the Lower-Middle Pleistocene Subseries (Calabrian-Chibanian Stage) boundary at the global stratotype, constituting the first detailed study of this microfossil group from the Pleistocene of the Japanese Pacific margin. Cold, subarctic water masses from 794.2 ka gave way to warming and rapid retreat of the Subpolar Front at 789.3 ka, ~ 2000 years before the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 20. Throughout the fully interglacial conditions of MIS 19c, assemblages are consistent with warm sea surface temperatures but also reveal instability and latitudinal shifts in the Kuroshio Extension system. The abrupt dominance of Protoceratium reticulatum cysts between 772.9 and 770.4 ka (MIS 19b) registers the influence of cooler, mixed, nutrient-rich waters of the Kuroshio-Oyashio Interfrontal Zone resulting from a southward shift of the Kuroshio Extension. Its onset at 772.9 ka serves as a local ecostratigraphic marker for the Chibanian Stage Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) which occurs just 1.15 m (= 1300 years) below it. An interval from 770.1 ka to the top of the examined succession at 765.8 ka (MIS 19a) represents warm, presumably stratified but still nutrient-elevated surface waters, indicating a northward shift of the Kuroshio Extension ~ 5 kyrs after the termination of full interglacial conditions on land. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40645-021-00438-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eseroghene J. Balota
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Martin J. Head
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Makoto Okada
- Department of Earth Sciences, Ibaraki University, 2-2-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512 Japan
| | - Yusuke Suganuma
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518 Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Haneda
- Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Higashi 1-1-1 Central 7, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Čertnerová D, Galbraith DW. Best practices in the flow cytometry of microalgae. Cytometry A 2021; 99:359-364. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Čertnerová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - David W. Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
- Henan University School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Jin Ming Avenue Kaifeng China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sunesen I, Méndez SM, Mancera-Pineda JE, Dechraoui Bottein MY, Enevoldsen H. The Latin America and Caribbean HAB status report based on OBIS and HAEDAT maps and databases. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 102:101920. [PMID: 33875182 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful Algae Blooms (HAB) have been documented for at least fifty years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), however, their impacts at social, ecological and economic levels are still little known. To contribute to the impact assessment of HABs in LAC region, the available information in HAEDAT, OBIS, CAREC, and CARPHA databases, and scientific literature was analyzed. This historical analysis allows identification of the main syndromes and causal organisms. Considering the existence of two regional working groups of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC): Algas Nocivas del Caribe (ANCA) and Floraciones Algales Nocivas en Sudamérica (FANSA), representing Central American/Caribbean and South American countries, respectively, the analysis is presented both globally and subregional. For the FANSA region, the HAEDAT data base listed 249 records from 1970 to 2019, with a total of 1432 human intoxications, including 37 fatalities. The majority of these events comprised Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (49%), Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (34%), Cyanotoxins (12%) and 6 % other toxins. The total number of harmful taxa in the OBIS database includes 79 species distributed over 25 genera. The most commonly reported species are Alexandrium catenella/tamarense, Gymnodinium catenatum and the Dinophysis acuminata complex. Two new species Prorocentrum caipirignum Fraga, Menezes and Nascimento and Alexandrium fragae Branco and Menezes were newly described from Brazilian waters. In the ANCA region, HAEDAT listed 131 records from 1956 to 2018. The main problems are PSP and Ciguatera and common HAB taxa are Gambierdiscus, Gymnodinium, Pyrodinium, Alexandrium and Dinophysis. The most reported HAB forming species are Gymnodinium catenatum, Pyrodinium bahamense and Gambierdiscus spp. In recent years Margalefidinium polykrikoides blooms have become frequent, causing fish and invertebrates massive mortalities and impacts on touristic activities. In the LAC region, the greatest economic losses were produced by ichthyotoxic massive events causing salmon deaths associated to Pseudochattonella verruculosa and Alexandrium catenella in Chile and tuna deaths related to Tripos furca and Chattonella spp. in the Mexican Pacific. In the last decade, several studies in LAC have linked HAB events with local mesoscale oceanographic and atmospheric phenomena. Trends analyzed up to 2019 are related to the increasing awareness about presence of toxic species, the geographical expansion of already known species, the detection of new toxins for the region, and HAB events duration and/or impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Sunesen
- División Ficología Dr. Sebastián Guarrera, FCNyM, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. CONICET - UNLP.
| | - Silvia M Méndez
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos/MGAP, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Henrik Enevoldsen
- IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Berdieva M, Kalinina V, Lomert E, Knyazev N, Skarlato S. Life Cycle Stages and Evidence of Sexual Reproduction in the Marine Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae, Prorocentrales). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:941-952. [PMID: 32170721 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prorocentrum minimum is a potentially toxic marine dinoflagellate that often forms massive blooms in estuarine and coastal sea waters. In this study, the life cycle of P. minimum was investigated and sexual reproduction in culture was described for the first time. Morphology of the mitotic stages was revised and several distinguishing features from sexual steps were described. The sexual reproductive stages were observed in the stationary culture and compared with a well-studied closely related species, Prorocentrum micans. Prorocentrum minimum has a haplontic life cycle and homothallic sexual process. The gametes were isogamous and morphologically indistinguishable from the vegetative cells. Unlike P. micans, P. minimum isogametes fused, but did not conjugate, partially reorganizing their cell coverings. Newly formed planozygotes were distinguished by their irregular shape and a large asymmetrically located nucleus. No long-term resting cyst stages (hypnozygotes) were documented. The late planozygotes underwent meiosis and formed tetrads of cells. The second meiotic division could be delayed or arrested in one of the daughter nuclei leading to formation of trinucleate cells with three pairs of flagella. So, similar to P. micans, P. minimum may have two possible scenarios of sexual division: (a) formation of a four-cell stage through two successive divisions or (b) asynchronous divisions of the zygote. Changes in the DNA content were confirmed by quantitative image cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Berdieva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vera Kalinina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lomert
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Nikolay Knyazev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Sergei Skarlato
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang N, Mertens KN, Krock B, Luo Z, Derrien A, Pospelova V, Liang Y, Bilien G, Smith KF, De Schepper S, Wietkamp S, Tillmann U, Gu H. Cryptic speciation in Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae): Evidence from morphological, molecular and ecophysiological data. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 88:101610. [PMID: 31582156 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cosmopolitan, potentially toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum possesses a fossilizable cyst stage which is an important paleoenvironmental indicator. Slight differences in the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) sequences of P. reticulatum have been reported, and both the motile stage and cyst morphology of P. reticulatum display phenotypic plasticity, but how these morpho-molecular variations are related with ecophysiological preferences is unknown. Here, 55 single cysts or cells were isolated from localities in the Northern (Arctic to subtropics) and Southern Hemispheres (Chile and New Zealand), and in total 34 strains were established. Cysts and/or cells were examined with light microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy. Large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and/or ITS rDNA sequences were obtained for all strains/isolates. All strains/isolates of P. reticulatum shared identical LSU sequences except for one strain from the Mediterranean Sea that differs in one position, however ITS rDNA sequences displayed differences at eight positions. Molecular phylogeny was inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on ITS rDNA sequences. The results showed that P. reticulatum comprises at least three ribotypes (designated as A, B, and C). Ribotype A included strains from the Arctic and temperate areas, ribotype B included strains from temperate regions only, and ribotype C included strains from the subtropical and temperate areas. The average ratios of process length to cyst diameter of P. reticulatum ranged from 15% in ribotype A, 22% in ribotype B and 17% in ribotype C but cyst size could overlap. Theca morphology was indistinguishable among ribotypes. The ITS-2 secondary structures of ribotype A displayed one CBC (compensatory change on two sides of a helix pairing) compared to ribotypes B and C. Growth response of one strain from each ribotype to various temperatures was examined. The strains of ribotypes A, B and C exhibited optimum growth at 15 °C, 20 °C and 20-25 °C, respectively, thus corresponding to cold, moderate and warm ecotypes. The profiles of yessotoxins (YTXs) were examined for 25 strains using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The parent compound yessotoxin (YTX) was produced by strains of ribotypes A and B, but not by ribotype C strains, which only produced the structural variant homoyessotoxin (homoYTX). Our results support the notion that there is significant intra-specific variability in Protoceratium reticulatum and the biogeography of the different ribotypes is consistent with specific ecological preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kenneth Neil Mertens
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau CEDEX, France
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Amélie Derrien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau CEDEX, France
| | - Vera Pospelova
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, OEASB A405, P. O. Box 1700 16 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Yubo Liang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau CEDEX, France
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Stijn De Schepper
- NORCE Climate, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephan Wietkamp
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fagín E, Bravo I, Garrido JL, Rodríguez F, Figueroa RI. Scrippsiella acuminata versus Scrippsiella ramonii: A Physiological Comparison. Cytometry A 2019; 95:985-996. [PMID: 31273941 PMCID: PMC6771724 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scrippsiella is a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate genus that is able to form Harmful Algal Blooms in coastal waters. The large physiological, morphological, and genetic variability that characterizes this genus suggest the existence of cryptic species. In this study, flow cytometric analyses were carried out to compare the cell cycle and life cycle of two Scrippsiella strains from two different species: Scrippsiella ramonii (VGO1053) and Scrippsiella acuminata (S3V). Both species were also investigated by internally transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐based pigment analyses. The reddish‐brown color of S. acuminata and yellowish‐green hue of S. ramonii were consistent with the quantitative differences determined in their pigment profiles. Our results indicate that the cell cycle is light‐controlled and that it differs in the two species. S‐phase was detected during the light period in both, whereas the G2/M phase occurred during the light period in S. ramonii but under dark conditions in S. acuminata. The detection of 4C stages, mobile zygotes (planozygotes), and resting cysts in S. ramonii (nonclonal) provided convincing evidence of sexuality in this species. Sexual related processes were not found in the clonal S. acuminata strain, suggesting its heterothallic behavior (i.e., the need for outcrossing). The differences in the genome size of these species were examined as well. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fagín
- Departamento de Microalgas Nocivas, IEO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Departamento de Microalgas Nocivas, IEO, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Luis Garrido
- Grupo de Fotobiología y Pigmentos del Fitoplancton, IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saburova M, Chomérat N. Laciniporus arabicus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales), a new thecate, marine, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from the northern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea) 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:84-103. [PMID: 30179255 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new thecate, photosynthetic, sand-dwelling marine dinoflagellate, Laciniporus arabicus gen. et sp. nov., is described from the subtidal sediments of the Omani coast in the Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean, based on detailed morphological and molecular data. Cells of L. arabicus are small (16.2-30.1 μm long and 13.1-23.2 μm wide), dorsoventrally compressed, with a small apical flap-shaped projection pointing to the left. The thecal plate pattern is distinguished by minute first precingular plate and sulcus, which extends into the epitheca, with large anterior and right sulcal plates. The Kofoidian thecal tabulation is Po, X, 4', 2a, 7'', 6c, 6s, 5''', 2''''. Morphologically, the revealed plate pattern has an affinity to the Peridiniales, and LSU rDNA based phylogenetic analyses placed L. arabicus within the Thoracosphaeraceae, close to calcareous-cyst producing scrippsielloids, predatory pfiesteriaceans, and photosynthetic freshwater peridinioids Chimonodinium lomnickii and Apocalathium spp. However, the thecal plate arrangement of L. arabicus differs noticeably from any currently described dinoflagellates, and the species stands out from closely related taxa by extensive differences in physiology and ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saburova
- Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. BOX 1638, Salmiya, 22017, Kuwait
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- IFREMER, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, F-29900, Concarneau, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Figueroa RI, Estrada M, Garcés E. Life histories of microalgal species causing harmful blooms: Haploids, diploids and the relevance of benthic stages. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 73:44-57. [PMID: 29602506 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In coastal and offshore waters, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) currently threaten the well-being of coastal countries. These events, which can be localized or involve wide-ranging areas, pose risks to human health, marine ecosystems, and economic resources, such as tourism, fisheries, and aquaculture. Dynamics of HABs vary from one site to another, depending on the hydrographic and ecological conditions. The challenge in investigating HABs is that they are caused by organisms from multiple algal classes, each with its own unique features, including different life histories. The complete algal life cycle has been determined in <1% of the described species, although elucidation of the life cycles of bloom-forming species is essential in developing preventative measures. The knowledge obtained thus far has confirmed the complexity of the algal life cycle, which is composed of discrete life stages whose morphology, ecological niche (plankton/benthos), function, and lifespan vary. The factors that trigger transitions between the different stages in nature are mostly unknown, but it is clear that an understanding of this process provides the key to effectively forecasting bloom recurrence, maintenance, and decline. Planktonic stages constitute an ephemeral phase of the life cycle of most species whereas resistant, benthic stages enable a species to withstand adverse conditions for prolonged periods, thus providing dormant reservoirs for eventual blooms and facilitating organismal dispersal. Here we review current knowledge of the life cycle strategies of major groups of HAB producers in marine and brackish waters. Rather than providing a comprehensive discussion, the objective was to highlight several of the research milestones that have changed our understanding of the plasticity and frequency of the different life cycle stages as well as the transitions between them. We also discuss the relevance of benthic and planktonic forms and their implications for HAB dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isabel Figueroa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), C.O. Vigo, 36280 Vigo, Spain; Aquatic Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Marta Estrada
- Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salgado P, Fraga S, Rodríguez F, Riobó P, Bravo I, Lin S. Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales), a new dinoflagellate species previously reported as Protoceratium reticulatum. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:126-137. [PMID: 29194622 PMCID: PMC5887879 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The family Ceratocoryaceae includes the genera Ceratocorys, Protoceratium, and Schuettiella, whose phylogenetic relationships are poorly known. Here, the new non-yessotoxin-producing species of the genus Ceratocorys, Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum sp. nov., previously reported as the toxic Protoceratium reticulatum, is described from examinations by light and scanning electron microscopy, molecular phylogeny, and toxin analyses. The species description is made from culture samples of strains CCMP1740 and CCMP404 from USA waters. Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum is globular and has thick and strongly reticulated plates with one pore within each reticule, just like P. reticulatum, but the key difference between the two species is the presence of five precingular plates in C. mariaovidiorum instead of six as in P. reticulatum. The thecal plate formula is Po, 4', 0a, 5″, 6c, ~7s, 5‴, 0p, 2''''. The apical pore plate is oval with a λ-shaped pore. The first apical plate is narrow with a ventral pore on the right anterior side; it contacts the apical pore plate and its contact with the anterior sulcal plate is slight or absent. The fourth precingular plate of other Gonyaulacales is absent. Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum may have small spines on the second antapical plate. A phylogenetic study based on internal transcribed spacer/5.8SrDNA supports the morphological classification of C. mariaovidiorum as a new species of Ceratocorys and in a different clade from P. reticulatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salgado
- División de Investigación en AcuiculturaDepartamento de Medio AmbienteInstituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP)Enrique Abello 0552, Casilla 101Punta ArenasChile
- Centro Oceanográfico de VigoInstituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)Subida a Radio Faro 5036390VigoSpain
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Centro Oceanográfico de VigoInstituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)Subida a Radio Faro 5036390VigoSpain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de VigoInstituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)Subida a Radio Faro 5036390VigoSpain
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM‐CSIC)Eduardo Cabello 636208VigoSpain
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Centro Oceanográfico de VigoInstituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)Subida a Radio Faro 5036390VigoSpain
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salgado P, Fraga S, Rodríguez F, Bravo I. Benthic flattened cells of the phylogenetically related marine dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum (Gonyaulacales): a new type of cyst? JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:138-149. [PMID: 29194636 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A planktonic-benthic relationship has been described for many dinoflagellate species as part of their ecological strategy to overcome highly variable aquatic environments. Here, the phylogenetically and morphologically related marine dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum were studied in relation to an unknown benthic life form. In vivo and fixed samples from cultures were analyzed in detail by light and scanning electron microscopy. In both species, a cell type with a morphology different from that of vegetative cells was observed in cultures grown until stationary phase. This cell type was always benthic, swimming sporadically only when it was disturbed. Its main feature included a strong dorsoventral compression. These cells originated from vegetative cells whose protoplasm underwent a progressive flattening, resulting in a gradual detachment of the reticulate and thick thecal plates and the formation of very thin non-reticulated new plates with pores. When returned to fresh full-strength medium, the cells recovered their spherical vegetative-like morphology, including new reticulated thick plates and subsequent cell divisions. The kinetics of flattened cell formation showed that in both species, this cell type increased exponentially until the onset of the culture stationary phase and then decreased. The results of this study are discussed in the context of the planktonic-benthic coupling in dinoflagellate life cycles, including those newly appreciated to be well adapted to the benthic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salgado
- División de Investigación en Acuicultura, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Enrique Abello 0552, Casilla 101, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mertens KN, Carbonell-Moore MC, Pospelova V, Head MJ, Highfield A, Schroeder D, Gu H, Andree KB, Fernandez M, Yamaguchi A, Takano Y, Matsuoka K, Nézan E, Bilien G, Okolodkov Y, Koike K, Hoppenrath M, Pfaff M, Pitcher G, Al-Muftah A, Rochon A, Lim PT, Leaw CP, Lim ZF, Ellegaard M. Pentaplacodinium saltonense gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) and its relationship to the cyst-defined genus Operculodinium and yessotoxin-producing Protoceratium reticulatum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 71:57-77. [PMID: 29306397 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strains of a dinoflagellate from the Salton Sea, previously identified as Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxin producing, have been reexamined morphologically and genetically and Pentaplacodinium saltonense n. gen. et sp. is erected to accommodate this species. Pentaplacodinium saltonense differs from Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Bütschli 1885 in the number of precingular plates (five vs. six), cingular displacement (two widths vs. one), and distinct cyst morphology. Incubation experiments (excystment and encystment) show that the resting cyst of Pentaplacodinium saltonense is morphologically most similar to the cyst-defined species Operculodinium israelianum (Rossignol, 1962) Wall (1967) and O. psilatum Wall (1967). Collections of comparative material from around the globe (including Protoceratium reticulatum and the genus Ceratocorys) and single cell PCR were used to clarify molecular phylogenies. Variable regions in the LSU (three new sequences), SSU (12 new sequences) and intergenic ITS 1-2 (14 new sequences) were obtained. These show that Pentaplacodinium saltonense and Protoceratium reticulatum form two distinct clades. Pentaplacodinium saltonense forms a monophyletic clade with several unidentified strains from Malaysia. LSU and SSU rDNA sequences of three species of Ceratocorys (C. armata, C. gourreti, C. horrida) from the Mediterranean and several other unidentified strains from Malaysia form a well-supported sister clade. The unique phylogenetic position of an unidentified strain from Hawaii is also documented and requires further examination. In addition, based on the V9 SSU topology (bootstrap values >80%), specimens from Elands Bay (South Africa), originally described as Gonyaulax grindleyi by Reinecke (1967), cluster with Protoceratium reticulatum. The known range of Pentaplacodinium saltonense is tropical to subtropical, and its cyst is recorded as a fossil in upper Cenozoic sediments. Protoceratium reticulatum and Pentaplacodinium saltonense seem to inhabit different niches: motile stages of these dinoflagellates have not been found in the same plankton sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Neil Mertens
- Research Unit for Palaeontology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 s8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Consuelo Carbonell-Moore
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Vera Pospelova
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, OEASB A405, P.O. Box 1700 Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Martin J Head
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Andrea Highfield
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Schroeder
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Crta. Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain
| | | | - Aika Yamaguchi
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Takano
- Institute for East China Sea Research (ECSER), Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Kazumi Matsuoka
- Institute for East China Sea Research (ECSER), Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Nézan
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Yuri Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Calle Hidalgo núm. 617, Colonia Río Jamapa, Boca del Río, 94290 Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mona Hoppenrath
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB), Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Maya Pfaff
- Marine Biology Research Center, Ma-RE Institute, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Grant Pitcher
- Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - André Rochon
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Marianne Ellegaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|